{"title":"Utility maximization of a household with smooth ambiguity and consumption habit","authors":"Wenbo Zhang, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates optimal consumption, investment and life insurance decisions for a two-generation household incorporating smooth ambiguity and consumption habit formation. The household invests in a financial market consisting of a risk-free asset and a risky asset, where ambiguity arises from an unknown market price of risk. Habit formation depends on historical consumption and satisfies an ordinary differential equation. Moreover, the parent faces mortality risk, which can be hedged by life insurance. The household aims to maximize the total expected utility of consumption, bequest and terminal wealth. By utilizing the mean-field type control and dynamic programming techniques, we derive the extended Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations and obtain the optimal strategies. Numerical experiments illustrate the effects of ambiguity aversion and consumption habit on the equilibrium strategies. The results indicate that higher level of the child’s ambiguity aversion and risk aversion lead to lower investment and life insurance purchase by the parent, with the effect on insurance demand being more pronounced than on investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ownership structure and the persistence of behavioral trading states: Evidence from the Moroccan stock market","authors":"Yousra Imezda, Zakaria Firano","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines whether persistent behavioral trading states can be identified in an emerging equity market and whether ownership structure is associated with their persistence. Using 1072 stock-year observations for 73 firms listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange over 2004–2025, we construct four market-based behavioral proxies capturing sentiment, disposition, herding, and residual momentum, and classify stock-years using fuzzy c-means. The evidence supports two broad behavioral states-speculative and depressed-although the underlying structure is best characterized as a continuous behavioral gradient driven primarily by a sentiment-disposition-momentum triad. Both states are more persistent than a marginal-preserving random benchmark, though depressed states are only modestly more persistent and the two are not statistically distinguishable. Cross-firm evidence shows that predominantly depressed stocks have significantly lower institutional ownership (7.4% vs. 12.9%); free float and strategic concentration separate the states only among the most persistent anchors. Behavioral-state membership adds modest incremental information for future volatility, but not beyond the raw behavioral proxies and not for returns; its value is thus as a parsimonious, interpretable measurement of behavioral orientation rather than a predictive signal. Overall, institutional ownership is associated with the long-run behavioral orientation of stocks in an emerging market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speculative investment preferences and personality traits under positive emotion states","authors":"Md Shabbir Alam, Deepak Kumar Behera","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Why do some investors chase high-risk assets while others stay on the sidelines? This study argues that the answer may lie not only in stable personality traits, but also in how those traits are contingent upon transient emotional states. We propose that the influence of Big Five personality traits on financial decision-making is conditional and high-intensity positive emotions act as a catalyst. Using a controlled lab experiment, we employed a between-subjects design (n = 158) and randomly assigned participants into either a high-intensity (via humorous clips) or mild (via nature documentaries) positive emotion group. The duration of the emotion induction was 20 min using video clips. The affect manipulation was measured using state-modified SPANE, pre- and post-emotion induction. We then measured their willingness to invest in volatile assets like cryptocurrencies and startups. A multinomial logistic regression revealed a statistically significant interaction: under high-intensity emotion, Openness predicted a greater preference for speculative investments, while Agreeableness predicted the opposite. However, these associations were not observed in the mild positive condition. Our findings provide preliminary empirical support for an integrated view of the Affect Infusion Model, Dual System Theory, and Trait Activation Theory (TAT).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Angrisani , Marco Cipriani , Antonio Guarino , Ryan Kendall , Julen Ortiz De Zarate Pina
{"title":"Risk preferences at the time of COVID-19: An experiment with professional traders and students","authors":"Marco Angrisani , Marco Cipriani , Antonio Guarino , Ryan Kendall , Julen Ortiz De Zarate Pina","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted risk preferences, comparing the results of experiments conducted before and during the outbreak. In each experiment, we elicit risk preferences from two sample groups: professional traders and undergraduate students. We find that, on average, risk preferences have remained constant for both pools of participants. The findings of our paper support the traditional view that risk preferences are stable and not affected by economic or social circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingting Chen , Eugene Cheng-Xi Aw , Garry Wei-Han Tan , Chung-Wha (Chloe) Ki
{"title":"Trust in robo-advisory services: A mixed-methods study","authors":"Yingting Chen , Eugene Cheng-Xi Aw , Garry Wei-Han Tan , Chung-Wha (Chloe) Ki","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how trust is formed in robo-advisory services through a two-study mixed-methods design. Study 1 uses PLS-SEM with cIPMA to analyse the effects and optimisation priorities of trust antecedents, while Study 2 employs semi-structured interviews to deepen and validate the findings. Results show that autonomy and intelligence enhance algorithm interpretability, interactivity, and structural assurance, whereas anthropomorphism has no significant effect. Autonomy is a necessary condition for effective uncertainty reduction, and both interactivity and structural assurance are necessary for perceptions of competence and warmth. Algorithm interpretability functions as a prerequisite to these perceptions. Both warmth and competence increase trust, but only competence is a necessary prerequisite. The qualitative insights provide contextual depth, revealing mechanisms and boundary conditions often missed in quantitative work. By integrating human-like characteristics and uncertainty-reduction strategies into a unified framework, this study advances understanding of trust formation in emerging financial services and offers insights for strengthening digital financial inclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Betting against Bitcoin: Evidence from spot Bitcoin ETFs","authors":"Olena Onishchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), this paper provides the first evidence of informed short selling in spot Bitcoin ETFs. We show that shorting flows predicts negative ETF returns for up to five trading days, after which the effect dissipates. Short sellers increase their positions when Bitcoin investor sentiment reaches extreme optimism. Yet they do not exhibit the same contrarian trading behavior—selling short after price run-ups—that is commonly observed among equity short sellers. Overall, the results suggest that short sellers in spot Bitcoin ETFs are informed traders who exploit short-lived, sentiment-driven mispricing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financial inclusion and stock price synchronicity: A cross-country study","authors":"Thanh Ngo , Axel Grossmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a sample of 142,313 firm-year observations across 38 countries from 2005 to 2022, we document a statistically significant negative association between financial inclusion and stock price synchronicity, consistent with a richer market informational environment. The results are robust to several approaches that mitigate endogeneity concerns and are not driven by developing countries. The relationship is more pronounced for firms with higher trading activity, in line with liquidity’s role in facilitating firm-level price discovery. Conversely, the result is weaker in industries dominated by a few large firms or where earnings strongly co-move. Further, the association is stronger in countries characterized by higher levels of uncertainty avoidance and masculinity, where investors tend to emphasize firm-specific information to reduce ambiguity or to gain informational advantages. In contrast, the relationship is weaker in high power distance cultures and in countries with stronger governance, where institutional mechanisms already promote limited herding and transparency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing axiomatizations of ambiguity aversion","authors":"Daniel L. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2025.101134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2025.101134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of choice under uncertainty has advanced through key “paradoxes,” such as the Ellsberg paradox. We implement Machina’s (2014) three-outcome extension, in which four major ambiguity-aversion theories (multiple priors, rank-dependent, smooth ambiguity, variational) all predict indifference between two ambiguous acts. Contrary to these predictions, we find most participants do not express indifference. Our design elicits each subject’s certainty equivalent (CE) for an embedded 50–50 lottery and uses that CE in the Machina acts. Under lottery independence—i.e., if individuals apply standard (von Neumann–Morgenstern) expected utility to each objective lottery—these acts map to the same distribution of payoffs and thus should be evaluated identically. Yet we document a robust preference for one act over the other. This preference is associated with violations of lottery independence (e.g., Allais inconsistencies), as well as with disappointment aversion. Our results highlight that Machina’s three-outcome paradox is at least as much about failing independence over lotteries as it is about ambiguity aversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financial literacy, robo-advising, and the demand for human financial advice: Evidence from Italy","authors":"David Aristei, Manuela Gallo","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2025.101125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2025.101125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the influence of objective, subjective, and digital financial literacy on individuals’ propensity to utilise online services for automated financial advice. Exploiting microdata from the Bank of Italy’s 2023 Survey on Financial Literacy of Italian Adults, we find that individuals with greater objective financial literacy are less inclined to rely on robo-advisory services. Conversely, subjective and digital financial literacy enhance the likelihood of utilising robo-advisors. Behavioural factors, such as trust in financial innovation, the propensity to save and take risks, and engagement with digital financial services, also emerge as significant predictors of robo-advisory usage. Furthermore, we examine the interplay between robo-advising and different forms of human financial advice. While robo-advisory services appear to substitute for non-independent human advice, our results indicate a significant complementarity with independent professional advice. These findings underscore the importance of hybrid approaches in delivering financial advisory services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisa van Dongen , Robert Lensink , Mark Treurniet
{"title":"Targeting, beliefs in own potential and subsequent investments: Theory and evidence from a framed field experiment","authors":"Elisa van Dongen , Robert Lensink , Mark Treurniet","doi":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While increased pressure on development finance budgets may require to reduce spending on anti-poverty transfers, new technical possibilities allow for more precise targeting. Yet, how targeting affects development outcomes remains an open question. We introduce a behavioral mechanism: if transfers are targeted to low-income individuals, recipients may interpret this as a signal of lacking earning potential, and consequently reduce investments. Using a framed field experiment in rural Uganda, we study how the targeting of anti-poverty transfers – compared to universal provision – affects subsequent investment behavior. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find that targeted recipients reduce their investments, which may reduce their earnings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}