{"title":"The National Library of Medicine. II.","authors":"D M Schullian, F B Rogers","doi":"10.1086/618521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/618521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47020,"journal":{"name":"Library Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"1958-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28529188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The National Library of Medicine. I.","authors":"D M Schullian, F B Rogers","doi":"10.1086/618482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/618482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47020,"journal":{"name":"Library Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"1958-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28529187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A plan for a comprehensive medico-historical library: scope and coverage.","authors":"W J Wilson","doi":"10.1086/617816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/617816","url":null,"abstract":"D _OCUMENTARY photography, especially in the form of microfilm, microprint, and the microcard, has worked its way gradually, almost insidiously, into the techniques of the modern library and has confronted librarians with possibilities and problems not dreamed of in their earlier philosophies. Nowhere, perhaps, have the effects been more revolutionary than in the rare-book field. Here photography was at first mainly an aid to the reference service. Presently, it was employed also to fill out defective copies of old and rare volumes, many of which had been partly worn out with use. In this sort of work the Army Medical Library was something of a leader. During World War II, when it set up its History of Medicine Divrision in Cleveland as the depository for its rare books, a systematic \"missing pages program\" was established, in order to fill out mutilated or defective books by means of photostats or photoprints from copies in other libraries. But if there could be a \"missing pages program,\" why not also a \"missing books program\"? Why might we not by microphotography obtain from other libraries copies of whole works, or of whole sets or senes of works, which they possessed and we did not? In the year I948 the History of Medicine Division undertook a program of this sort, with a view to rounding out the Library's collection of early medical works. Since the subject area was fairly restricted, it seemed reasonable to hope that we thus might acquire all the available early literature in the field-or, if not all, at least most of it. In our more sanguine moments we talked openly of our plan for a complete medico-historical library, but usually we spoke of it discreetly as \"comprehensive\" rather than \"complete.\" Or, in a still more noncommittal mood, we called it simply our \"microfilm acquisition program..\" As a practical measure, to divide the project up into manageable sections, it was decided to take up one century at a time, beginning with the sixteenth.","PeriodicalId":47020,"journal":{"name":"Library Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"1951-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28532609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bibliography in Switzerland.","authors":"M BECK","doi":"10.1086/617357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/617357","url":null,"abstract":"I NTEREST in the art of bibliography was aroused in Switzerland as early as the sixteenth century. Zurich's great humanist, Conrad Gesner (I5I665), whose genius investigated all fields of science, tried his hand at bibliography as well. His efforts resulted in the celebrated Bibliotheca universalis, which conferred upon him the title \"Father of European Bibliography.\" The centuries following Gesner's contribution, however, brought such a tremendous increase in book production that further undertakings of the same comprehensive type, including publications of all countries and all languages, were discouraged. With the nineteenth century there came a growing sense of nationalism and a strengthening of frontiers throughout Europe. The resulting increase in political restrictions had the advantage of opening new possibilities for bibliographic projects. The form of the national bibliography, as we know it today, was established during this period. These early compilations contained primarily books published within the boundaries of a single state; additional literature, however, was frequently included. It was only toward the end of the nineteenth century that the national viewpoint was accepted in conservative Switzerland, when the Centralkommission fur schweizerische Landeskunde was established, with the primary objective of setting up a bibliography to include all fields of scientific study so far as they were related to Switzerland. History was excluded, since it had already been dealt with bibliographically. The plans of the Centralkommission bore fruit from I890 to 1945. During this period eighty-nine volumes of the Bibliographie der schweizerischen Landeskunde -Bibliographie nationale suisse,2 giving the titles of books and of periodical articles, were produced, most of them before World War I. They include literature pertaining to diverse fields-fields as widely divorced as heraldry and prison organization. Since the Bibliographie was set up in retrospect, it was not carried out periodically. The first attempt at national bibliography, therefore, exists to a certain point only in incomplete form. The Swiss National Library, which was established as a federal institution in I894, assumed the responsibility for the collection of Helvetica and undertook the task of creating and establishing a continuous national bibliography. Acquisition was handled by purchases, exchanges, and gifts, since any compulsory arrangement is incompatible with the Swiss constitution. The first volume was issued in I9OI, and the series has been issued continuously since that time, since","PeriodicalId":47020,"journal":{"name":"Library Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"1947-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/617357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28822779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Vatican Library during the war.","authors":"G GRAGLIA","doi":"10.1086/617358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/617358","url":null,"abstract":"II Vatican Library, an essentially international organization, was necessarily reduced. With practically all frontiers closed and exchanges with neutral countries difficult if not impossible, it was forced to limit its services to Italian and German students and to the few other foreigners who remained in Rome regardless of the risks. This state of affairs lasted until September, I943, when the capitulation of Italy and the consequent occupation of the city by the German troops made advisable a temporary closure of the library -a closure that lasted until October, 1944, a few months after the Allied armies entered Rome. Meanwhile, serious problems presented themselves to those who had the grave and delicate task of protecting and preserving the priceless cultural and artistic patrimony contained in the library. The aerial warfare had begun to bring destruction to many Italian cities, and many libraries had seen the total or partial ruin of their buildings and their collections. In addition, there was the even greater peril from the march of the fighting armies across the peninsula. The more important Italian libraries had dispersed their precious collections to isolated locations in villas and in monasteries in order to avoid the bombardments for which the cities were frequent targets. At this time no locality could any longer be said to be completely safe, and those in whose custody so much valuable material had been placed were greatly worried. The Vatican Library, situated in a state whose neutrality was universally recognized, should theoretically have had nothing to fear from military action. Too often, however, the situation was not so tranquil. The priceless collection of manuscripts and incunabula of the Vatican Library is kept in a four-floor repository over the study-room and is particularly exposed to aerial attack. During the first days of the conflict, whenever the approach of an Allied plane was announced, an intense barrage of anti-aircraft fire was sent into the Roman sky, and the danger that anti-aircraft bomb fragments or an unexploded projectile might pierce the ceiling was a cause for serious worry. In order to remove this danger, it was decided to evacuate the two upper floors and to remove the manuscripts and incunabula to more protected sites. Thus was transferred the Reserve, including among other famous antiquities the Vatican codex of the Bible (Codex B. Vat. gr. 1209), the four ancient Vergilian manuscripts (Augustan, Vatican, Palatine, Roman), the De re publica palimpsest, the Terence of Bembo, the autographs of Petrarch, etc.; and the Palatine (2,027 manuscripts), Reginensis (2,120 manuscripts), Ottoboni (3,394 Latin and 479 Greek manuscripts), Chigi (3,704 manuscripts), and Rossi (ij,96 manuscripts) collections, as well as the Vatican oriental collections (Syriac, Arabic, Coptic, Armenian, Ethiopian, Georgian, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Rumanian, -Translated from the Italian by Lewis A. Bilancio.","PeriodicalId":47020,"journal":{"name":"Library Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"1947-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/617358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28822781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Government records an emerging profession.","authors":"W J WILSON","doi":"10.1086/617197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/617197","url":null,"abstract":"URS, in truth, is a \"paper civilization.\" On that substance we depend, even since the advent of the radio, for most of our mass communications and nearly all our permanent records. Some hold that the European invention of printing might almnost as well be called the invention of paper-that the use of type had been tried and discarded probably many times before and that it finally \"caught on\" in the middle of the fifteenth century because a plentiful supply of paper just then became available. At any rate, by now we are inextricably entangled in our reams and ribbons of paper, and sometimes we hear complaints that it is slowly choking us to death-that our civilization, built on this fragile substance, will ultimately die of it. To repeat this theory is not, of course, to subscribe to it. In recent years it is the mountains of government paper that have aroused special concern. The problem becomes particularly severe in times of war. During World War I the Hoover Food Administration required monthly reports from all licensed businesses and found itself swamped with papers which it could not possibly examine, so that after May i, I9I8, the policy was abandoned.\" But that was only a small flurry in comparison with what happened in World War II. The output of paper work by government agencies during this emergency has become fantastic. Federal records now in existence approximate i6,000,ooo cubic feet-some say i8,ooo,ooo-and the annual increment is estimated at i ,OOO,OOO. With the close of hostilities the rate of increase has begun to lessen, but not to the point of negligibility. What to do with official papers will apparently be a problem for a long time to come.","PeriodicalId":47020,"journal":{"name":"Library Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"1946-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29406430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the catalog card for a rare book.","authors":"P S DUNKIN","doi":"10.1086/617200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/617200","url":null,"abstract":"-r'lHE primary function of any catalog card is to help people find and use a . book. The catalog card for a rare book differs from other cards only to the extent that people use rare books differently from ordinary books. When the user of a library wants, say, a mystery story or a pamphlet on the care of chickens, he is concerned only with content-with what the author has to say. He can easily discover a suitable book from a catalog containing main entries and subject headings on cards which do not give author's dates, full title, complicated pagination, or any of the thousand and one other details against which administrators are so fond of inveighing. If he cannot find the book in his own library's catalog, then an equally simple catalog card in a union catalog will locate a copy somewhere which he can borrow through interlibrary loan. Almost no one, however, wants a rare book solely for its content. This point cannot be too strongly emphasized. Content may be secured from any cheap reprint or photostat or microfilm of the book; and these reproductions, like the mystery story, can generally be obtained by consulting a brief catalog card. The rare book itself is valuable chiefly, if not entirely, as a document in the history of civilization. The discovery that a book was printed at the Pilgrim Press in Leyden, for instance, may add much to our understanding of our forebears, even though the book itself may be something we would not read on a bet. Detailed study of a rare book as a physical entity will tell much of the circumstances under which it was written and printed. What were the thought-processes of the author? How many cancels and corrections at press did he insist upon? What pressures may have been brought to bear to make him change the text? Who was the printer? Was the type set by one compositor or by several? Were there any interruptions in the printing? It is to answer these and similar questions that people use the rare book-except, of course, when they merely look at it as a curiosity in a museum showcase. The catalog card, therefore, should tell everything the cataloger has discovered about the book's significance as a historical document. Actually, locating the book is by comparison a relatively minor matter; if the card tells enough, the scholar may not even ask to see the book. This function of the catalog card for a rare book is even more evident when the card is filed in a union catalog; for, even apart from the matter of expense, it is obvious that every library cannot hope to acquire a copy of every rare book. Even if it could, there would be no assurance that upon examination its \"copy\" would not turn out to be a \"variant issue\" or even a different edition instead of a \"copy.\" Yet the full significance of any rare book becomes apparent only when its relationship with other editions and issues of its text, and often with other books, is understood. If two editions of a book, both published in, say, I58o, differ chiefly in t","PeriodicalId":47020,"journal":{"name":"Library Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"1946-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/617200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29406431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uniform statistics for library holdings.","authors":"R B DOWNS","doi":"10.1086/617202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/617202","url":null,"abstract":"almost complete lack of uniformity among librarians in I maintaining and reporting statistics of their collections is notorious. As long ago as I876 the United States Office of Education's Special Report criticized variations in counting methods.' Pessimists are convinced that any standardization of practice is hopeless, pointing out the failure in the past of numerous attempts to achieve agreement. Optimists see one glimmer of hope for the future in the fact that many librarians recognize the need for standards. Like most other problems, a solution would be simpler if all libraries were starting from scratch; to change established routines and apply new rules retroactively would be an undertaking of great magnitude, particularly for large libraries. Surprisingly enough, in view of the attention which the matter has received from various groups, little published literature exists on the subject of statistics of library holdings. The results of such studies as have been made have apparently remained in committee and library-association files. Printed discussions are principally concerned with definitions of a volume and with differences between a pamphlet and a volume.","PeriodicalId":47020,"journal":{"name":"Library Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"1946-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29406432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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