Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology最新文献

{"title":"Caregiving Across International Borders: a Systematic Review of Literature on Transnational Carer-Employees.","authors":"Bharati Sethi,&nbsp;Allison Williams,&nbsp;Joyce L S Leung","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09468-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09468-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In diaspora and transnational studies little is known about the experiences of transnational carer-employees (TCEs). TCEs provide unpaid/informal care across international borders to an adult family member, friend, or relative with disability and/or age-related needs, while also working in paid employment in the country of resettlement. The primary focus of this systematic review was to examine how cultural and historical elements of transnational caregiving influence the economic, social, and health/well-being of TCEs. This systematic review draws on quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed literature on TCEs' experiences from Canada, the USA, or Australia between 1997 and 2017. In all, 16 articles that fulfilled the search inclusion criteria were selected. The articles were analyzed using content and thematic analysis. The review highlighted that transnational caregiving is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. There is a reciprocal relationship between adult children providing care to their parents and parents helping their children resettle in their new home. The findings suggest that TCEs provide practical, financial, and emotional care to their families abroad. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive systematic review of the experiences of TCEs. Increasingly complex immigration experiences of transnational families require innovative policy responses from a transnational and intersectionality lens. Immigrants need support to maintain solid transnational networks and simultaneously adapt to the country of resettlement. Employers can use the findings to support TCEs in balancing unpaid care across vast geographical distances while sustaining their economic and social well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":"37 4","pages":"427-461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9761632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10410610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up-Close and Personal: Conceptualizing the Self as Dementia Caregiver: a Study in Soweto, South Africa.","authors":"Aqeela Mahomed,&nbsp;Chrisma Pretorius","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09460-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09460-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to understand how dementia caregivers in the township of Soweto, South Africa interpret their role in the context of caregiving through the personal constructs identified using the Self- Characterization technique. Thirty family caregivers were recruited via purposive sampling methods and completed a Self-Characterization Sketch during semi-structured interviews. Content analysis of construct pairs was thematically coded using the Classification System for Personal Constructs (CSPC) - a reliable method to analyse personal constructs that are generated by constructivist assessments. Findings revealed that caregivers' interpretations of themselves was characterized by moral, emotional and cognitive attributes. Specifically, a sense of mastery, self-efficacy, strength, selflessness and unconditional positive regard characterized the most meaningful constructs of care within caregiver narratives in response to their loved ones with dementia. These adaptive outcomes, despite the challenging, pervasive, complex nature of dementia and its manifestations, suggest psychological and emotional resilience, higher levels of adjustment and caregiver well-being. However, it is important to consider possible consequences such as physical fatigue and burnout despite adaptive outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended that approaches to psychoeducational initiatives, emotional and psychological interventions and awareness campaigns include teaching caregivers how to self-care encourage the importance of consistent exercise, rest, sleep, nutrition as well as reaching out for social support. Lastly, empowering caregivers to use their personal resources would prove valuable in support groups, and individual to facilitate self-awareness, sustained coping and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":"37 4","pages":"355-374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9617032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10418271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation of Aging in Elementary School Textbooks in Iran.","authors":"Zahra Eftekhari,&nbsp;Farhd Nosratinejad,&nbsp;Robab Sahaf,&nbsp;Nasibeh Zanjari","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09464-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09464-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The attitude toward older adults is developed from childhood. School textbooks are one of the most important sources of shaping attitude in children. So, the present study aimed to analyze the visual and textual content of the aging concept in elementary school textbooks after the Irans's Islamic Revolution (1979). The method of the present study was content analysis, and 112 textbooks were reviewed. The analysis unit included 118 images and 91 subset of texts pertaining to aging concept. The results showed that aging concepts are classified into two positive and negative stereotypes categories. The positive stereotype included social interaction, authority and respect, wisdom, spirituality, positive traits, and independence. Social interaction was the most frequent of them. Negative stereotypes included abuse, negative personality traits, illness, and disability, of which the negative personality traits were the most frequent. In addition, the results suggested that 87.7% of the concepts of aging in the textbooks were positive. Although the positive stereotypes were more frequent in textbooks, the active older adults were presented in low-status jobs, and the ethnic minorities and older women were less considered. Accordingly, policymaking through the textbooks and from childhood is necessary for developing successful aging and decreasing ageism in society.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":"37 4","pages":"393-406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10410110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness in Myanmar's older population: A mixed-methods investigation.","authors":"Samia C Akhter-Khan,&nbsp;Khin Myo Wai,&nbsp;Johanna Drewelies","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09459-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09459-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Little is known about loneliness in lower- and middle-income countries. This study investigates loneliness in the older population of Myanmar using a mixed-methods approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify predictors of loneliness, hierarchical regression models were used to analyze data from the Myanmar Aging Survey 2012 (N = 3,618, 57% women). In a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were integrated with qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with older adults in Myanmar in 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of loneliness varied by between-person characteristics. Health impairments, lower income, being widowed, not having children, and living with fewer household members were each associated with loneliness. Qualitative findings suggested that the physical presence of family members was especially protective against loneliness. Religion had mixed associations with loneliness, depending on the type of religious practice, demographic characteristics, health status, and community engagement.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings contribute to a better understanding of individuals' experiences of loneliness and may inform the design of interventions to prevent loneliness in Myanmar and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":"37 3","pages":"315-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9643263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10630244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Gender Inequality, Older Women, and the Call for Change in the United States.","authors":"Colette V Browne,&nbsp;Jeanette C Takamura,&nbsp;Jin Young Seo","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09462-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09462-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender inequality that persists through much of their lives, from birth through adulthood, impacts women and their quality of life in their later years. With some variation this holds true in every nation in the global community. In older adults, the most apparent indication of gender inequality-and a linchpin-is the disproportionate impoverishment of older women compared to older men. We take stock of global policy directions toward equality for girls and women, focusing specifically on derived avenues for furthering and protecting the economic well-being of older women in the United States, cognizant that these directions can rebound with implications for nations worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":"37 3","pages":"339-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9638432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9190152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Country where Education is Obtained and Cognitive Functioning Among South American and Caribbean Older Adults Living in the U.S.","authors":"Miriam J Rodriguez,&nbsp;Shanna Burke,&nbsp;Dilliana Padron,&nbsp;Andres Duarte,&nbsp;Monica Rosselli,&nbsp;Maria Grieg-Custo,&nbsp;Adrienne Grudzien,&nbsp;David A Loewenstein,&nbsp;Ranjan Duara","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09456-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10823-022-09456-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of AD among Hispanics calls for a need for examining factors that affect cognitive functioning and risk of AD among Hispanic older adults. The current study examined cognitive functioning among older Hispanic adults living in the U.S. from two Hispanic regions, South America and the Caribbean, in relation to the country where education was obtained. Participants (n = 139) were stratified into groups based on Hispanic education region and diagnostic categories: cognitively normal and amnestic MCI (aMCI). Results of Pearson correlations showed that among Hispanic Americans in general, there were significant positive correlations between the country of education to performance on measures of episodic, verbal, and word list tests. When examined separately by region and diagnosis, only cognitively normal (CN) South Americans showed significant relationships between country of education and cognitive functioning in these areas. Results of general linear models controlling for education identified differences in neuropsychological performance between groups with the CN groups demonstrating better performance than the aMCI groups within each region. Overall, it was evident that relationships between years of education obtained outside of the U.S. and cognitive functioning were not similar among individuals from these two disparate Spanish speaking regions. This is the first study to examine the country where education was obtained among individuals from countries located in different regions with different cultures that may influence their education and cognitive development throughout life. Findings contribute to the cross-cultural neuropsychological literature in understanding factors that are unique to Hispanic older adults at risk for developing AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":"37 3","pages":"257-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161283/pdf/nihms-1890238.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Levels and Correlates of Depression Literacy Among Older Korean Immigrants.","authors":"Kyeung Mi Oh,&nbsp;Byung Baird,&nbsp;Naji Alqahtani,&nbsp;Lora Peppard,&nbsp;Panagiota Kitsantas","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09461-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09461-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Despite the high prevalence of depression among older Korean Americans (KAs), there has been very little research on depression literacy among older KAs. This study identified specific areas of improvement in depression literacy to address mental health promotion among KAs. Twenty-two items on the depression literacy scale were grouped under five key themes: incidence and prognosis, differential symptoms, symptom recognition, non-pharmacological effectiveness, and pharmacological knowledge. This study aimed to assess the level of understanding depression literacy based on five domains and identify factors associated with depression literacy and its domains among older KAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study with 178 KAs aged 60 years and older was conducted in the Washington DC Metro area. Interviewer and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with depression literacy and its domains. Statistical significance was set at p < .05 for analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Knowledge pertaining to all 5 depression literacy domains was low, particularly on pharmacological treatment and differential symptoms were noticeably low. The majority of participants had misconceptions about antidepressants. 86% believed that antidepressants can have a rapid effect on symptoms, 82.6% believed people with depression should stop taking antidepressants as soon as they feel better, and 66.3% believed antidepressants were addictive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Misperception about depression and antidepressants may be associated with poor mental health outcomes among older KAs. Culturally-tailored education for older KAs with limited English proficiency could be beneficial in promoting depression literacy and reducing stigma or misconceptions regarding depression and treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":"37 3","pages":"295-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10624014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Cultural Lens Theory to Investigate the Impact of a Nursing Education Practicum in Aged Healthcare: Aotearoa New Zealand's Bi-cultural Framework.","authors":"Cath Fraser,&nbsp;Judith Honeyfield,&nbsp;Mary White,&nbsp;Walley Qiu,&nbsp;Deb Sims,&nbsp;Adam Proverbs","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09458-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09458-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this paper is to apply Cultural Lens Approach theory to data collected from third year nursing students related to an assignment undertaken during their month-long practicum placement in an aged residential care facility. We explore the extent to which a national vision of bi-culturalism and inclusivity is evident in students' quality improvement project topic selection and practice.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Aotearoa New Zealand is a nation of dual heritage, informed by the cultures of Māori as the indigenous tangata whenua (people of the land), and Pākehā, (European) settlers. All public sectors, including all higher education providers and the curricula they deliver, are required to incorporate and promote a contemporary, bi-cultural world-view.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stage one of the research reported in this paper involved a) document analysis of 93 students' quality improvement project reports; b) focus groups with 18 students; and c) an online questionnaire for 16 key stakeholders including aged care managers, clinical nurse leaders and student nurse educators. Stage two reviewed the above data through a five-step Cultural Lens Approach process to identify cultural biases and assumptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Qualitative analysis revealed students' increased professional confidence, improving communication and critical thinking skills. Responses as to development of cultural competence and cultural safety were mixed: a key barrier identified was that staff in the placement setting received minimal professional development to ensure appropriate tikanga (customary protocols and practice) for Māori residents was in place.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Viewed through a cultural lens, a westernized concept of aged healthcare provision continues to prevail in most settings. Nursing students noted gaps between cultural learning and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"237-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Cultural Beliefs about Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease among Older Chinese Americans in New York City.","authors":"Rebecca Robbins, Stella Chong, Alice Liang, Nicholas Chanko, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Simona Kwon","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09450-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10823-022-09450-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Related Dementias (ADRD) are a growing concern across the globe. Unfortunately, racial/ethnic minorities in the United States (U.S.), such as Chinese Americans, have lower ADRD knowledge, and these individuals are less likely to be targeted and engaged in recommended dementia prevention and care. The objective of this study is to examine knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about healthy aging and ADRD among older Chinese Americans living in New York City. Chinese Americans with very low English proficiency were recruited from a senior center in New York City. Accordingly, surveys were translated and focus groups were conducted in Mandarin or Cantonese. Questionnaires assessed demographic and health characteristics. Focus groups followed an open-ended protocol which was guided by the published literature. Focus group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, and translated to English for qualitative analysis. Analysis of qualitative data proceeded according to the constant comparative method. A total of 18 participants were recruited. Average age of participants was 76.4 years and participants were 72.2% female. The majority were married (72.2%). Participants reported chronic conditions, including diabetes (38.9%) and dyslipidemia (22.2%). Participants commonly reported that their health limited their ability to accomplish things (66.7%) and achieve things (66.7%). While 16.7% of participants reported no bodily pain, slight pain was reported by 44.4%, moderate pain by 33.3%, and extreme pain by 5.6%. Qualitative analysis revealed several prominent themes, including: (1) perceptions about normal aging; (2) fears about loneliness and cognitive decline; (3) understanding of healthy aging; (4) cultural influences on aging; and (5) perceptions of ADRD. Results from this study highlight a set of cultural beliefs about healthy aging as well as knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs pertaining to ADRD. These results may inform opportunities for increasing healthy aging practices and knowledge about dementia among underserved older Chinese Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":"37 2","pages":"161-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9262861/pdf/nihms-1818954.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10810794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychological and Economic Impacts of Caregiving on Family Carers for People with Probable Dementia in Rural South India.","authors":"Sherin S Paul,&nbsp;Elisabeth Schröder-Butterfill","doi":"10.1007/s10823-022-09455-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09455-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Informal carers play a vital role in the care and well-being of older people with dementia. This article examines the psychological and economic impacts caregiving has on carers of people with suspected dementia and the mechanisms by which they cope with challenges. A mixed-method design was adopted. A baseline survey of 123 older people was undertaken in a resource-poor setting in Kerala, India, using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Malayalam Version (ACE-m) to identify those with probable dementia. This was followed by in-depth interviews with ten carers of those identified as having cognitive impairment. The data were later transcribed and thematically analysed using N-Vivo to identify main concepts and themes. Analysis of the in-depth interviews with carers revealed that dementia was often interpreted as a 'second childhood', but that this conceptualisation aided carers to cope better. Anger and irritation were the commonly expressed psychological reactions which got accentuated by lack of reciprocation of emotion on the part of care recipient. Government support through social security measures and medical care, along with traditional social practises, helped carers to tide over care expenses. These support systems lessened the psychological and economic impacts of caring. Misconstruction of the disease nature, for example by considering it a normal part of ageing, also seem inadvertently to have helped in coping with care requirements, although this comes at a cost of lower than optimal healthcare access for older people with cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"201-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}