Journal of Cultural Economy最新文献

{"title":"Competitization: the proliferation of competition as a multidimensional process","authors":"Georg Wolfmayr","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2261475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2261475","url":null,"abstract":"Various scholars have noticed the increase of competition in the last decades and its essential role in contemporary social life. Their studies show the great variety of fields affected and are valuable contributions to understanding this process. However, they also represent a wide range of different conceptualizations and understandings of what exactly the increase of competition is and which aspects of social life it affects. Thus, to allow for a better understanding of this process and the commonalities and differences between the approaches that examine it, this paper presents a framework to grasp different dimensions of competitization, that is, the increase of competition in different social fields. Drawing on the basic elements of competition and the literature on the increase of competition, it discusses four dimensions of competitization: competitization by scarcity, by mechanism, by imaginary and by agency. Three main examples are used to demonstrate these dimensions: competitization in academia, market competitization and competitization in the form of rankings.","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computing trust: on writing ‘good’ code in computer science education","authors":"Samantha Breslin","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2258887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2258887","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWhat does it mean to produce trustworthy code for computer scientists? Based primarily on ethnographic fieldwork in an undergraduate computer science program in Singapore, this article explores what it means for computer science students to write ‘good code.’ In doing so, it explores the values that underlie ideas of trust in the computer science discipline. Drawing on the work of Rebecca Bryant, this article shows how, as students learn to become ‘good at’ writing code that is technically functional, aesthetically un-individuated, and decontextually efficient, they also learn to become ‘good’ computer scientists. These standards of good code are distributed across human and nonhuman actors and provide a framework for ‘trustless trust’ in code. That is, while computer science often assumes an omnipresence of mistrust, this article argues that the production of ‘good’ code and ‘good’ computer scientists works to build a system of distrust for computer scientists. At the same time, becoming a good computer scientist is intimately intertwined with students’ selfhoods, undermining the foundation of trustless trust even as the ideal of objectively ‘good’ and trustworthy code cuts this contradiction from view.KEYWORDS: Computer scienceeducationtrustpersonhoodcode AcknowledgementsThank you to students, professors, and administrators who contributed to this research. Thank you also to James Maguire, Kristoffer Albris, the two anonymous reviewers, Benjamin Staple, and the Code Ethnography Collective (CECO) for their valuable comments and suggestions for improving this article, and to Robin Whitaker for her support and guidance throughout my MA and PhD.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Research for this article was approved by Memorial University of Newfoundland's Interdisciplinary Committee on Ethics in Human Research (#20140328-AR). Consent for participant observation in classes was obtained from the professor(s) and all students in the class were provided information in writing about my research and provided the opportunity to withdraw. Consent was otherwise negotiated and obtained on an individual basis. Some examples above are also discussed in my dissertation (Breslin Citation2018).2 Pseudonyms are used throughout both for the name of the university where I conducted research and for research participants.3 I have also drawn methodological insight from this research, alongside literature from feminist technology studies, in considering the multiple facets of education and subject-formation that need to be explored (see also Forsythe Citation2001; Fife Citation2005; Mackenzie Citation2006; Suchman Citation2007; Kho Citation2013).4 The Thompson Hack is explained in detail by Allen (Citation2021), but briefly it introduces a backdoor and self-replicating piece of code (combined, making the ‘hack’) into the compiler via the machine-level code. The combination makes it next to impossible to ","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate valuation devices: Doing valuation while doing dating in Tinder texts","authors":"Thorsten Peetz","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2246987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2246987","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTDating apps are valuation devices that people use to set up and valuate digital identities. Building a profile is a first move in a valuation game that contributes to intimate valorization of persons and elicits valuations by other members of a dating platform. This article contributes to the analysis of valuation in intimate life by analyzing profile texts as documents of dating practice. Using data from 1004 profiles collected in Berlin, Germany, it shows that profile texts formally resemble personal ads and identifies three rules of doing digital dating: Users identify the dating self by describing who they are, what they do and what they like; they valorize the self by references to valuation criteria that indicate what counts as valuable or worthy; and they do so by using the list as a medium.KEYWORDS: Valuationvaluation gamesonline datingdating appsdocumentary method Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Vatin (Citation2013, 31) suggested to distinguish two dimensions of ‘valuation’ as ‘valorizing’ – the ‘production of value’ – and ‘evaluating’ – the ‘assessment of value’ – , a distinction that was taken up by Michèle Lamont (Citation2012) in her influential article on the sociology of ‘valuation and evaluation’ (see also Krüger Citation2022). While I agree with critics of this distinction like Callon (Citation2013, 267f.) and Heinich (Citation2020, 77) that measurement always implies the attribution of value – Heinich (Citation2017, 26ff) identifies measurement as one form of attributing worth among others –, it is helpful in this particular case for distinguishing two aspects of the dating process: setting up a profile with the focus on attributing value to an identity and assessing the value signals implemented in the profile.2 As an exception to this common practice of abstaining from the presentation of quantified values, OkCupid presents users with a number signifying the percentage of compatibility with the other user – and notably not a global estimate of a profile’s intimate value.3 Contrary to this literature, I hold that the concept of ‘game’ is helpful for analyzing social life in more general terms: discussions about ‘gamification’ refer to one historical version of how dating games are played.4 On compensated dating and the boundary work that distinguishes it from sex work, see Nayar (Citation2017).5 For an example of different cultures of dating in an ‘analogue’ setting, see Krause and Kowalski (Citation2013) on dating in Berlin and New York.Additional informationNotes on contributorsThorsten PeetzThorsten Peetz is Privatdozent of sociology at the University of Bremen and currently Interim Professor of Sociological Theory at the University of Bamberg. He studies processes of valuation in intimate and religious games as well as processes of digitalization.","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The moral economies of natural disasters insurance: solidarity or individual responsibility?","authors":"Laurence Barry","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2258909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2258909","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTOver the second half of the twentieth century, the moral economy of insurance has shifted from solidarity and mutual support to individual responsibility. In this context, the French regime for the protection against natural catastrophes that took shape in the 1980s exemplifies a strong and almost anachronical political will to foster solidarity at the national level, thus questioning the moral economy of responsibility. This paper offers a textual analysis of the official debates that led to the launch of the regime. It shows how the representatives chose to separate compensation, financed by equal individual participation, from state prevention. This contrasts with other schemes worldwide that rely on rational decision theory to situate the responsibility for prevention at the individual level. In this alternative, risk-based premiums play a theoretically crucial role in risk signals. In practice, however, they lead to affordability issues while failing to govern prevention as theoretically expected. With the climate crisis exacerbating this phenomenon, the examination of the French regime thus allows to fruitfully revive other moral economies of insurance.KEYWORDS: Natural disasterssolidarityresponsibilitypreventioninsurance AknowledgementI wish to thank Andy Rosenhek, Thierry Cohignac, Antoine Quantin and four anonymous reviewers for their insights and comments on previous versions of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 For a conceptual and historical analysis, see Baker 1996.2 Respectively: Fonds de secours aux victimes de sinistres et calamités and Fonds National de Garantie des Calamités Agricoles. The latter still operates on non-insurable damages to specifically agricultural properties.3 The process of finalizing a law in France has several stages: once an initial text has been proposed, it is discussed and amended by both parliamentary chambers (National Assembly and Senate) separately. For this purpose, each chamber nominates a commission in charge of studying the proposal of the other chamber and formulating amendments to the text of law. The Assembly or the Senate then discuss the former report, and the amended text goes back to the other chamber for further discussion and approval. This can imply a series of back and forth between the two chambers. If the two chambers cannot agree on a formulation after two readings of each, they nominate a mixed commission with members of both parliaments in order to reach an agreement. This happened in the case of the CatNat regime law.4 All the translations of official texts are mine.5 Other than national schemes relying on traditional insurance products, other mechanisms for climate risk mitigation are emerging such as index or parametric insurance, and cat bonds (Johnson Citation2020; Booth Citation2020), which are out of the scope of this paper.6 Symptomatically, I want to argue, Christophers (Citation2019) quotes a passage","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trusting elections: complexities and risks of digital voting in Denmark","authors":"Christopher Gad","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2246991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2246991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractured insurance families: securing care and navigating financialized social protections","authors":"Jessica M. Mulligan","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2246985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2246985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business of involution: self-study rooms and work culture in China","authors":"Chang-hong Chen, Renyi Hong","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2246988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2246988","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89439017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘A video or a flat fee?’ on the performances of concert fees","authors":"Riom Loïc","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2225525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2225525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82813714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From ‘take-ism’ to pursuit of newness and originality: design professionals and models of creativity in contemporary China","authors":"Grace Tang","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2246984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2246984","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81135172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture or commerce? Craft as an ambiguous construction between culture and economy","authors":"Ola Gunhildrud Berta","doi":"10.1080/17530350.2023.2229335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2023.2229335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Economy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87011891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}