A. C. D. B. Ferreira, J. C. Bogiani, Valdinei Sofatti, A. L. D. C. Borin, F. Perina, G. B. Ferreira, M. A. Silva, P. Machado
{"title":"Organic carbon stock changes and crop yield in a tropical sandy soil under rainfed grains-cotton farming systems in Bahia, Brazil","authors":"A. C. D. B. Ferreira, J. C. Bogiani, Valdinei Sofatti, A. L. D. C. Borin, F. Perina, G. B. Ferreira, M. A. Silva, P. Machado","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5271219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5271219","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most studies about soil organic carbon stock changes in the Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) biome are either related to field data collected in clayey Ferralsols or different land uses, as if they were in equilibrium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tillage systems and crop sequences on the soil organic carbon stock and crop yield, in a sandy Ferralsol from Bahia, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates. Soil samples were collected after fve years of cotton, soybean and maize monocropping under heavy disk harrow and leveling harrow (conventional tillage), and of crop rotation of cotton, soybean and maize with green manure or cover crop (no-tillage). Additional samples were collected from a non-cultivated site (Neotropical Savanna, Cerrado sensu stricto). Soil conservation practices such as no-tillage and crop rotation with cover crop and green manure favored the soil organic carbon stock at the 0-40 cm layer, with the highest values reaching 36.03 Mg ha−1. The accrued soil carbon stock under conventional tillage and monoculture of cotton, maize and soybean was lower than under no-tillage, which ranged from 30.9 to 54.9 %, with the soil organic carbon stock increasing at the annual rate of 2.36 Mg ha−1 during fve years. The no-tillage, with the soybean-maize-cotton rotation, in combination with cover crop and green manure, increased the cotton and soybean yields, with a simultaneous organic carbon accumulation in the sandy soil.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André Moraes Reis, A. N. Mendes, J. Abrahão, Meline de Oliveira Santos, V. A. Silva
{"title":"Early selection of drought-tolerant Coffea arabica genotypes at the seedling stage using functional divergence","authors":"André Moraes Reis, A. N. Mendes, J. Abrahão, Meline de Oliveira Santos, V. A. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272412","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of more drought-tolerant cultivars is essential for the maintenance of global agricultural production. This study aimed to perform an early selection of drought-tolerant Coffea arabica genotypes by evaluating their functional divergence using morphological, anatomical and physiological analyses. Seedlings of 14 genotypes were subjected to the drought stress imposed by irrigation for 18 days. Growth and anatomical parameters, leaf water potential and gas exchanges were measured. Under irrigated conditions and prolonged drought (18 days), the divergence among the genotypes was determined mainly by morphological traits, such as leaf area, stem diameter and, consequently, shoot dry mass. Under moderate drought (14 days), parameters such as water potential, cuticle thickness, stomatal density, number of xylem vessels and water-use efficiency were important for the divergence of the group with the highest ability to maintain its water status. The genotypes 1, 2, 4, 11 and 12 have characteristics that contributed to the maintenance of water status, such as greater cuticle thickness, stomatal density, smaller number of xylem vessels and phloem thickness, bigger root length and greater water-use efficiency. The functional divergence combining morphological, anatomical and physiological analyses in response to the moderate drought indicated the early selection of the genotypes 1, 2,4, 11 and 12 as more drought tolerant during the seedling stage.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyntia Stephânia dos Santos, Ana Flávia de Freitas, Glauber Henrique Barbosa da Silva, Milene Alves de Figueiredo Carvalho, Meline de Oliveira Santos, G. R. Carvalho, V. A. Silva
{"title":"Adaptations to the drought season and impacts on the yield of ‘Híbrido de Timor’ coffee tree in the Minas Gerais State Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna)","authors":"Cyntia Stephânia dos Santos, Ana Flávia de Freitas, Glauber Henrique Barbosa da Silva, Milene Alves de Figueiredo Carvalho, Meline de Oliveira Santos, G. R. Carvalho, V. A. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change threatens the survival of commercial crops due to their narrow genetic base. One of the alternatives is the identification of plants with potential for abiotic stress tolerance. This study aimed to verify the physiological and anatomical adaptations to the drought period and the impacts on the yield of ‘Híbrido de Timor’ coffee tree accessions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 7 x 2 factorial arrangement, being seven genotypes (UFV 377-21, UFV 377-21, UFV 442-42, BE 5 Wush-Wush x UFV 366-08, UFV 428-02, UFV 376-31 and UFV 427-55) and two seasonal periods (dry and rainy), with two replications. The stomatal conductance; predawn water potential; levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde; activity of the enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate oxidase; ascorbate content; cuticle thickness of the adaxial surface and leaf lamina; stomatal density; ratio between polar and equatorial diameter; phloem area; area, diameter and frequency of xylem vessels; relative hydraulic conductivity; vulnerability index; and yield were evaluated. The results showed acclimatization of the accessions to the dry period, with some of them maintaining higher water potential values in the predawn; induction of the antioxidant system with the increase in the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme and ascorbate levels; increase in the cuticle and leaf lamina thickness; and a higher ratio between polar and equatorial diameters. Most of the evaluated accessions showed a good productive performance, especially the ‘UFV 377-21’, ‘UFV 442-42’ and ‘UFV 376-31’, with adaptations to the dry period and yield potential.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pisoni, G. Dalazen, R. Rafaeli, Catarine Markus, A. Merotto Júnior
{"title":"Control of barnyardgrass susceptible and resistant to imidazolinones at different temperature regimes before and after imazethapyr application","authors":"A. Pisoni, G. Dalazen, R. Rafaeli, Catarine Markus, A. Merotto Júnior","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272955","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Environmental conditions can influence herbicide metabolism and interfere with the evolution of weed resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal regimes on the control of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) susceptible and resistant to herbicides of the imidazolinones chemical group. Factor A (biotypes) consisted of one biotype that is susceptible and one that is resistant to imazethapyr; factor B (dose) comprised six imazethapyr doses between 0 and 800 g ha-1 for the resistant biotype and between 0 and 100 g ha-1 for the susceptible biotype; factor C (temperature) consisted of four thermal regimes (16/16 ºC, 25/25 ºC, 16/25 ºC and 25/16 ºC) to which the plants were submitted before and after the herbicide application. Concerning the resistant biotype, the highest control levels were observed in the thermal regimes with temperature fuctuation, especially at 25/16 ºC. At the recommended imazethapyr dose (100 g ha-1), the herbicide resulted in a control level over 90 % at 25/16 ºC and less than 50 % at 16/16 ºC, in the resistant biotype. The shoot dry mass was reduced by more than 80 % at 25/16 ºC and 16/25 ºC and less than 30 % at 16/16 ºC. The temperature conditions to which the plants are subjected in the pre- and post-application period interfere with the level of imazethapyr resistance in barnyardgrass.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alridiwirsah, Koko Tampubolon, N. E. Mustamu, Mujiyo, Mehdizadeh Mohammad
{"title":"Weed diversity as affected by tillage and ammonium glufosinate herbicide","authors":"Alridiwirsah, Koko Tampubolon, N. E. Mustamu, Mujiyo, Mehdizadeh Mohammad","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272771","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Farmers in Indonesia generally spray herbicides to control weeds and use tillage during the early stages of crop cultivation; consequently, these activities affect the weed composition and diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the dominance and diversity index of weeds and obtain abundance correlations according to the soil chemical characteristics, as well as the effect of the ammonium glufosinate herbicide, in different tillage systems. A non-factorial randomized block design was used, consisting of no-tillage (NT), 1-time tillage (T1) and 2-times tillage (T2), with three replications. The Cyperus rotundus and Ageratum conyzoides weed species were dominant in the tillages. The diversity indices were 2.261, 2.196 and 2.234 (moderate/stable condition), respectively for the NT, T1 and T2. For T2, there were increases of 2.82-folds, 41 populations and 2.43-folds, respectively for A. conyzoides, Cynodon dactylon and Euphorbia heterophylla, when compared to NT, while a decrease was observed in grasses for T1 and T2 (50.71 and 26.05 %, respectively). Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation for E. heterophylla according to the soil cation exchange capacity (0.727). In contrast, four new weed species (Glyceria maxima, Leersia oryzoides, Scoparia dulcis and Anthoxanthum oculatum) were found due to the ammonium glufosinate application, in the different tillage systems.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro Barbosa Pimenta, Matheus Messias de Oliveira, Moisés Gomes Salvador
{"title":"Vegetative development and biomass production of Sesbania herbacea in a wet floodplain environment","authors":"Leandro Barbosa Pimenta, Matheus Messias de Oliveira, Moisés Gomes Salvador","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5270024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5270024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green manure provides countless benefits to the chemical, physical and biological quality of soils. This study aimed to evaluate the Sesbania herbacea potential, regarding growth and biomass production parameters, as a green manure option in wet floodplain environments. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with measurements repeated over time and six replications. The parameters were evaluated every 20 days (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 days after emergence - DAE), namely: mean plant height, root and shoot fresh and dry matter biomass, and total plant matter biomass. The legume showed a good development in soil under waterlogged condition, which led to high amounts of phytomass accumulation (approximately 139 t ha-1 of total plant matter biomass and mean height of 4 m at 120 DAE).","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67250658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arlini Rodrigues Fialho, D. Santos, C. C. Niva, Jaqueline Balbina Gomes Ferreira, T. Paim
{"title":"Feeding activity of soil fauna in production systems under cover crop straws","authors":"Arlini Rodrigues Fialho, D. Santos, C. C. Niva, Jaqueline Balbina Gomes Ferreira, T. Paim","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5270416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5270416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To preserve a desirable level of soil quality, especially taking into consideration its health and sustainability, is not an easy task, due to the numerous factors that influence it. This study aimed to measure the feeding activity of soil fauna in production systems under cover crop straws sampled at the depth of 0-8.0 cm. A randomized blocks design, with four replicates and eight treatments, was used, corresponding to soybean cultivation under the following cover crop straws: maize monoculture; maize intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis; U. ruziziensis monoculture; sorghum intercropped with U. ruziziensis; sorghum monoculture; sunflower intercropped with U. ruziziensis; mix (millet + Crotalaria spectabilis + U. ruziziensis); and a fallow treatment. At the depth of 1.0 cm, there was a variation of 63.59-37.06 % for consumption among the treatments, with the highest consumption for the mix, if compared to the fallow treatment. At the depth of 2.0-7.0 cm, the consumption did not vary among the treatments. For the depth of 8.0 cm, the fallow treatment presented the highest consumption (45.76 %; p < 0.05), when compared to sunflower intercropped with U. ruziziensis (20.51 %), sorghum (20.58 %) and sorghum intercropped with U. ruziziensis (18.96 %).","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67250708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phylogenetic relationship of superior durian (Durio zibethinus) cultivars native to South Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"D. H. Mursyidin","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272568","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Durian, especially Durio zibethinus, is an agricultural commodity with high economic value, both in local and global markets. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity, relationships and correlation of superior cultivars of D. zibethinus (‘Likol’, ‘Sahang’ and ‘Si Japang’) native to South Kalimantan, Indonesia, using the rbcL marker, and compare them with other 48 cultivars from the GenBank database. All durian rbcL markers were analyzed using the MEGA-X software and phylogenetically reconstructed using two approaches: maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ). The durian phylogenetic tree was assessed by bootstrap analysis, and their relationships by Pearson’s correlation and principal component analysis. The durian showed a low genetic diversity (π% = 0.056); however, unique relationships were revealed. Following the rbcL region, this germplasm was grouped into five clades using ML and NJ. In this case, ‘Si Japang’ and ‘Sahang’ showed to be closely related to ‘T16’ from Malaysia, whereas ‘Likol’ was related to ‘Monthong’ from Thailand. However, based on the genetic divergence analysis, ‘Sahang’ had the farthest relationship with three durians from Thailand (‘Metnai Kanyao’, ‘Chok Loi’ and ‘Malet Ar-Ri’).","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospective analysis of soybean distribution in the Tocantins state considering climate change scenarios","authors":"André de Moura Andrade, E. Collicchio","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272969","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soybean is one of the agroenergy crops of greatest supply and demand in the Brazilian economy. Even though positive slopes in the productivity curves are constantly perceptible, the demands for arable land are evolving wildly, inevitably promoting deforestation actions and deleterious effects on the natural biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon cycle. Several environmental models are used to explain these complex phenomena, whose variables change spatially and temporally as a function of economic, social and natural factors. Therefore, this study aimed at prospecting the soybean cultivation area using a territorial dynamics model (Dinamica EGO), in regions where sustainable use conservation units are located in the Tocantins state, considering different climate risk scenarios based on the water requirement satisfaction indexes (WRSI), calculated using daily average rainfall and temperature data from the MIROC5 global climate model. The WRSI contributed to a greater exploitation of natural resources around the environmental preservation areas of Ilha do Bananal/ Cantão, Lago de Palmas and Serra do Lajeado. Furthermore, a possible decrease in the soybean area in some recognized producing centers was prospected, as well as a scenario of greater distancing of this species cultivated areas, in a near future, from the mosaic of conservation units of Jalapão, which has become of high climatic risk for the soybean grain yields usually demanded by the market.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucinete Miranda Gomes, Caroline de Souza Bezerra, A. Aguiar, Marcos Silveira Wrege, M. T. G. Lopes
{"title":"Prediction of the natural distribution and conservation of Urena lobata L. in Brazil","authors":"Lucinete Miranda Gomes, Caroline de Souza Bezerra, A. Aguiar, Marcos Silveira Wrege, M. T. G. Lopes","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272594","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urena lobata L. is a commercial species used for fiber extraction in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará that presents relevant socioeconomic importance for the Amazon region. Despite its importance and wide distribution throughout Brazil, there are no data on the species response to global climate change. This study aimed to present the potential geographical distribution of U. lobata in the current period (2009-2019) and predict areas of climatic suitability for its occurrence in two future scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), at two time intervals (2020-2050 and 2051-2070), in the face of global climate change. A total of 19 bioclimatic variables were obtained from the WorldClim database and four algorithms (Climate Space Model, Envelope Score, Niche Mosaic and Environmental Distance), from which the Envelope Score was the most representative model for the species to verify its occurrence along the Brazilian phytogeographic domains (Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest and Pampa). Vulnerability was observed for the species, since there were losses of favorable areas in the Amazon, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga, becoming practically extinct in the worst scenario (RCP 8.5), in the year 2070. However, for this same scenario and year, there was a significant area increase in the Pampa.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}