Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies最新文献

{"title":"Link Between Electroacupuncture Stimulation near the Sympathetic Trunk and Heart Rate Variability.","authors":"Kazufumi Takahashi,&nbsp;Xiaoming Wang,&nbsp;Daiyu Shinohara,&nbsp;Kenji Imai","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.2.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.2.114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cardiovascular system and airway smooth muscles are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effect of electrical acupuncture stimulation near the cervical sympathetic ganglia on heart rate variability and respiratory function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, single-center study at Teikyo Heisei University recruited 24 healthy adults randomly assigned to no-stimulation and electroacupuncture (EA) groups in a crossover trial with a 2-week washout period. After 5 min of rest, a 5-min rest or acupuncture stimulus was delivered, followed by a further 5 min of rest for both groups. EA, at 2-Hz (level of no pain), was delivered near the left cervical ganglia at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra in the EA group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The high-frequency component of the heart rate variability was significantly higher in the EA group than that in the no-stimulation group. Further, there was a significant increase in the high-frequency component of the heart rate in the EA group during the stimulation compared to before and after stimulation. Heart rate decreased significantly during EA compared to before stimulation in the EA group. Regarding respiratory function, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and peak flow significantly increased in the EA group compared with the no-stimulation group, and after stimulation compared with before stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stimulation with 2-Hz EA near the cervical sympathetic trunk increased parasympathetic nerve activity and reduced heart rate. However, the respiratory function was activated via increased sympathetic nerve activity. Therefore, 2-Hz EA may be effective for autonomic nerve regulation in bronchial stenosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 2","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenergic Control of Primo Tissue Size in Rats.","authors":"Yiming Shen,&nbsp;Yu Jeong Kim,&nbsp;Pan Dong Ryu","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperplastic morphological changes associated with erythropoiesis have been reported in the primo vascular system (PVS) tissue on the surface of abdominal organs in rats with heart failure (HF) or hemolytic anemia (HA). Objectives: Since adrenergic activity is commonly activated in both HF and HA, we investigated whether adrenergic signaling mediates the abovementioned morphological changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the effects of adrenolytic treatments (exercise training and 6-hydroxydopamine) on the gross morphology of the PVS tissues isolated from organ surfaces in HF or HA rats. HF and HA were induced by ligating the left coronary artery and injecting phenylhydrazine, respectively. We further compared the effects of norepinephrine and norepinephrine plus α- or β-adrenoceptor blockers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of samples per rat, PN size, and proportion of red-colored samples in the PVS tissue increased in the HF and HA rats. These changes were reversed by adrenolytic treatments. Interestingly, 6-hydroxydopamine also reversed phenylhydrazineinduced hemolytic changes in erythrocytes. Subcutaneous administration of norepinephrine (3 mg/kg/d) increased the sampling frequency per rat and the PN size, but these effects were blunted at a higher dose (10 mg/kg/d). Norepinephrine administration had little effect on the proportion of red-colored tissues. Norepinephrine-induced morphological changes were completely blocked by a β-adrenoceptor antagonist (propranolol) but increased slightly by an α-adrenoceptor antagonist (phentolamine).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adrenergic signaling controls hyperplastic changes in the organ surface PVS in rats. These findings may explain the morphological dynamics of the PVS tissues proposed by Bong Han Kim and further clarify the pathophysiological roles of the PVS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primo Vascular System: Before the Past, Bizarre Present and Peek After the Future.","authors":"Miroslav Stefanov","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Is Primo Vascular System (PVS) a paradox? Finding the connection between PVS as a carrier of information and the body's reactions at the micro and macro levels will be the starting point in understanding the meaning of life as such.</p><p><strong>Before the past of pvs knowledge: </strong>The initial phase of medicine in all cultures is reduced to the transfer of specific energy by special pathways throughout the body! This is the case in China, India, Japan, Korea, Tibet, etc. Undoubtedly, the five articles by B. H. Kim published in the early 1960s are considered to be the past of PVS.</p><p><strong>Strange present: </strong>PVS studies after 2002 are accepted as a present. Most of the articles on the topic are in journals with editors-in-chief originating and/or accepting the achievements of Eastern medicine. Is the science of PVS local since its research is in journals that publish mainly articles on Eastern medicine? Why few of the articles concerning PVS are in Western medicine journals?</p><p><strong>Pvs: </strong>All substances, objects, biological objects generate a weak electromagnetic radiation typical for each of them which is a passport of the information. PVS has all the data to be the main carrier of information. Information medicine and Quantum Biology can serve as a basis for medicine and biomedical sciences, and it should explain the processes that exist for the change of DNA and organisms in.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primo Vascular Node in the Bone Marrow and Longevity.","authors":"Vitaly Vodyanoy,&nbsp;Oleg Pustovyy,&nbsp;Ludmila Globa","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intra-organic bone marrow node is predicted to be a part of the primo vascular system that plays a critical role in hematopoiesis and generation and regeneration of other cells. Two models of cell regeneration were suggested, one involving DNA synthesis and the other pertaining to DNA recycling. Objectives: The aim of this work is to extract a primo node from bone marrow, characterize its structure, understand its biochemistry and cell composition, and suggest a cell regeneration mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primo nodes were sampled from segmented halves of the rat femur. We used immunohistochemistry and high-resolution fluorescent microscopy to analyze 1200 samples obtained from 42 rats and 190 primo nodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primo nodes in the bone marrow have an oval or round structure of about one millimeter in diameter, which is encompassed by a fine capsule, having incoming and outgoing vessels filled with the extracellular matrix and hematopoietic, mesenchymal, endothelial stem cells, as well as cells of the megakaryocyte family found in other primo nodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings imply that bone marrow nodes are intra-organic primo vascular nodes, and they provide ways and approaches for further investigation. Bone marrow nodes are simple to examine ex vivo in a variety of environments to assess cell regeneration mechanisms, wound healing, and organism rejuvenation and lifespan. Further research into these and other intra-organic nodes in animals and humans could lead to new regenerative medicine and longevity strategies that have yet to be discovered.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"12-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40410658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cellular Architecture of the Primo Vascular System.","authors":"Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primo vascular system (PVS) is of great interest to scientists in the last few years. The PVS plays a role in stem cell migration, immune function, erythropoiesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer metastasis. Discovered by Bong Han Kim in 1960, the PVS was described as a new, independent system that is distributed in the body of different animals. Since then, several cells have been discovered as important constituents of the PVS. Endothelial cells are hallmarks for the identification of the PVS, as they line the sinuses of the primo vessels and are characterized by their arrangement of rod-shaped nuclei in a parallel, broken-line fashion along the primo vessels. Immune cells as mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes are also hallmarks for the identification of the PVS. One of the most interesting cells in the PVS are p-microcells. Primo nodes are a stem cell niche due to their p-microcells content, which express stem cell biomarkers CD133 and Oct 4. Mature erythrocytes and hematopoietic stem cells have also been observed in the PVS. Hematopoietic stem cells were observed in the PVS. Hematopoietic Stem Cells are the source of the cellular component of blood. Additionally, adrenaline and noradrenaline-producing cells, mesothelial cells, and smooth-muscle-like cells have also been described in the PVS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40410657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GB20 Pharmacopuncture As a Potential Method for Brain Drug Delivery via the Perivascular Spaces.","authors":"Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya,&nbsp;Inna Blokhina,&nbsp;Nikita Navolokin,&nbsp;Arina Evsukova,&nbsp;Georgy Karandin,&nbsp;Alexander Khorovodov,&nbsp;Andrey Terskov,&nbsp;Ivan Fedosov,&nbsp;Alexander Dubrovsky,&nbsp;Maria Tzoy,&nbsp;Vasily Ageev,&nbsp;Ilana Agranovich,&nbsp;Valeria Telnova,&nbsp;Anna Tsven,&nbsp;Jürgen Kurths","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of new methods of drug brain delivery is a crucial step for the effective therapy of the brain diseases. Pharma- and acupuncture are the forms of alternative therapy of the brain pathology, including an increase in the permeability of blood-brain barrier. However, the mechanisms of pharma- and acupuncture-mediated effects on the brain physiology remain not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This pilot study on healthy mice clearly demonstrates the Evans Blue spreading in the mouse head and in the brain via the perivascular spaces (PVSs) of the trigeminal structure and the cribriform plate after the dye injection into the Feng Chi point (Galbladder 20, GB20).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that pharmacopuncture at GB20 can be a perspective method for brain drug delivery via PVSs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injection Effect of Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody on Primo Vessel in Lymph Vessel of Rabbit with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation.","authors":"Sang-Heon Choi,&nbsp;Jong-Gu Choi,&nbsp;Sang-Suk Lee","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The primo vascular system can be viewed as a circulatory system that plays a therapeutic function in regenerating the body tissue. The anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody was used as an immunotherapeutic agent to treat the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Objectives: In this study, we observed the effect of injecting lymph nodes with Foralumab, an anti- human CD3 epsilon therapeutic monoclonal antibody, on primo vessels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The structure and atomic stoichiometry of the antibody were determined by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Alcian blue dying solution was injected into the lymph nodes of the abdominal vena cava of rabbits, and the solution further flowed into the lymph vessels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A primo vessel with primo nodes stained with Alcian blue was clearly visible in the lymph vessel. By injecting Foralumab into lymph nodes of rabbits with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, the floating primo vessel in the lymph vessel appeared thicker and was distinctly visible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The observation of the primo vessel post-treated with Foralumab in the inflamed lymphatic system suggests the possibility of a functional role of the primo vascular circulatory system in pathophysiological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievements of PVS (Primo Vascular System) Research from a Historical Perspective.","authors":"Hoon-Gi Kim","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to compare the biological research carried out in North Korea with the modern outcomes in the same field, from a historical perspective. In the 1960s, the group led by Bong-Han Kim asserted the existence of a fundamental circulatory system in the human body. Their findings were introduced in five papers as well as in the newspaper Rodong Sinmun. The size of the group, the range of equipment, and their findings expanded gradually, and the final paper on blood cells would be only published one of over sixty papers reported at that time. In the five papers, some unclear and inconsistent contents were found. Meanwhile, in the 2000s, PVS (primo vascular system) researchers have published over one hundred papers to prove the existence of this novel system. Some trends have emerged in approximately sixty papers as follows: The research on the identification of the anatomical and histological characteristics has gradually expanded to encompass the system's own functioning. Also, new visual results (e.g. before and after dyeing, and its comparison with blood clots) and the exploration of possible medical applications (e.g. cancer metastasis channels or stem cells location) have been proposed. However, it is difficult to identify papers which comprehensively represented the elements claimed by Bong-Han Kim's group. In addition, papers have been published more in alternative or Oriental medicine journals than in Western biomedical journals. It seems necessary to report more existence of the system in one laboratory animal and in more influential journals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Joint Mobilization Versus Acupuncture on Pain and Functional Ability in People with Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Comparative Effectiveness.","authors":"Petros Voulgarakis,&nbsp;Paris Iakovidis,&nbsp;Dimitrios Lytras,&nbsp;Ioanna P Chatziprodromidou,&nbsp;Anastasios Kottaras,&nbsp;Thomas Apostolou","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2021.14.6.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2021.14.6.231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic Neck Pain (CNP) is one of the main contributing factors to disability in people of working age.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy between acupuncture and joint mobilization on pain and disability in patients with CNP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 45 men and women with CNP, divided into three groups of 15 each. The first group followed a manual therapy protocol with joint mobilization for eight weeks three times per week. The second group followed an acupuncture protocol of equal duration and frequency, while the third group did not follow any treatment. Pain with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and functional limitations with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire were assessed before and after an 8-week intervention. Analysis of variance was applied while post-hoc comparisons were made to determine the differences among the groups at each time of measurement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both intervention groups showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group after the end of the intervention in both the VAS and the NDI scores (<i>p</i>< .001). Furthermore, the acupuncture group showed a statistically significant improvement compared to the joint mobilization team after the end of the intervention in the VAS score (<i>p</i>< .001) and the NDI score (<i>p</i>< .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both joint mobilization and acupuncture appear to be effective interventions in reducing pain and improving functional ability in people with CNP. However, acupuncture appears to have a greater analgesic effect than joint mobilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"14 6","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40410891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dry Cupping Therapy on Pain and Functional Disability in Persistent Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Marianna de Melo Salemi,&nbsp;Vanessa Maria da Silva Alves Gomes,&nbsp;Laylla Marjorye Rebouças Bezerra,&nbsp;Thania Maion de Souza Melo,&nbsp;Geisa Guimarães de Alencar,&nbsp;Iracema Hermes Pires de Mélo Montenegro,&nbsp;Alessandra Paula de Melo Calado,&nbsp;Eduardo José Nepomuceno Montenegro,&nbsp;Gisela Rocha de Siqueira","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2021.14.6.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2021.14.6.219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cupping therapy is used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including low back pain.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study assessed the effects of dry cupping on pain and functional disability from persistent nonspecific low back pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a randomized controlled trial, where participants were allocated to a cupping therapy (n = 19) or sham (n = 18) group, for five 10-minute sessions of cupping therapy, twice a week, to stimulate the acupoints related to low back pain (GV4, BL23, BL24, BL25, and BL30, BL40 and BL58) and emotional aspects (HT3 and ST36). All participants were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and follow up (a finalization period of four weeks) using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Groups were compared using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and the effect size was calculated using Cohen̓s d.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cupping therapy group presented a lower mean VAS when compared to the sham, at post-treatment (mean difference: -2.36; standard error [SE]: 0.58; <i>p</i> < 0.001; \"large\" effect size: -0.94) and follow up (mean difference: -1.71; SE: 0.81; <i>p</i> < 0.042; 'large' effect size: -0.83). The cupping therapy group presented a lower mean ODI when compared to the sham post-treatment (mean difference: -4.68; SE: 1.85; <i>p</i>: 0.017; 'large' effect size: -0.87), although in follow-up, there was no difference between the groups (mean difference: 4.16; SE: 2.97; <i>p</i>: 0.17; \"medium\" effect size: -0.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dry cupping was more effective in improving pain and functional disability in people with persistent nonspecific low back pain when compared to the sham.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"14 6","pages":"219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40410890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}