Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Newly Developed Sham Acupuncture Needle with a Special Focus on Needling Sensation: a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Daiyu Shinohara,&nbsp;Namiki Shinozaki,&nbsp;Ryo Takahashi,&nbsp;Kenji Imai","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2023.16.1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2023.16.1.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most non-penetrating sham and placebo acupuncture needles comprise a traditional pedestal for fixing the guide tube that makes these needles difficult to operate independently. We developed a simple sham acupuncture needle to overcome this problem and focused on managing the needling sensation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To ascertain how differently participants feel sham and real needles and to evaluate whether sham needles are effective in clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After enrolling 64 healthy volunteers who had experienced and were knowledgeable about acupuncture, the practitioner randomly used real and sham needles at four sites (bilateral LI4 and LI10) on the participants' forearms. A custom-made sham blunt stainless acupuncture needle (40 mm, 0.80 mm) that was inserted into a guide tube was used. Immediately after needling, the participants were questioned in regard to their identification of the needle, skin penetration sensation, and <i>de qi</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sham needle resulted in 62.5% blinding. Inequivalent sensations were elicited by the sham needles compared to the real needles. Women reported similar needling sensations from the sham and real needles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study achieved comparatively higher sham-needle blinding and is therefore worthy of use in clinical trials. The mutual independence of the sham needle from the real needle was mediated presumably by interindividual differences among the participants and the needling sites. Sex differences in sensation were likely related to the blinding capability of the sham needle.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Psychological Factors in Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients on <i>De qi</i>: a Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ni-Juan Hu,&nbsp;Chun-Hua Li,&nbsp;Pei Wang,&nbsp;Gui-Wen Wu,&nbsp;Liang-Xiao Ma,&nbsp;Jiang Zhu","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2023.16.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2023.16.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>De qi</i> , the needling sensation, is important in acupuncture treatment. Almost all studies believe that deep needling and manipulation could achieve a significant <i>de qi</i> sensation. However, relatively few studies have examined the effect of psychological factors on <i>de qi</i>, and those that did often reached different conclusions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the influence of psychologic factors on <i>de qi</i> in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-eight PD patients with cold and dampness stagnation were randomly allocated to <i>de qi</i> (deep insertion using thick needles, with manipulation, n=17) and non-<i>de qi</i> groups (shallow insertion using thin needles, without manipulation, n=51). Both groups received bilateral needling at <i>Sanyinjiao</i> (SP6) for 30 min. <i>De qi</i> was assessed using the Acupuncture <i>De qi</i> Clinical Assessment Scale (ADCAS). The patients' acupuncture-related anxiety and their expectations of the relationship between needle sensation and curative effect were evaluated using a five-point and four-point scale, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the <i>de qi</i> group, all patients experienced the <i>de qi</i> sensation, although anxiety levels were unrelated to <i>de qi</i>. Patients' expectations correlated negatively with <i>de qi</i> timing, and positively with electric sensation. Within the non-<i>de qi</i> group, 59.5% of patients experienced <i>de qi</i>. Between those who experienced it and those who did not, no significant differences were found in anxiety levels, although patients' expectations differed significantly. Among patients who experienced <i>de qi</i> sensations in the non-<i>de qi</i> group, anxiety and throbbing were positively correlated. Additionally, patients' expectations correlated positively with <i>de qi</i> intensity, as well as coldness, and numbness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychological factors should be considered when studying <i>de qi</i> since PD patients' expectations could influence the <i>de qi</i> sensation at SP6.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Myofascial Meridian Stretching Exercises and Acupuncture in Patients with Low Back Pain.","authors":"Dilek Eker Büyükşireci,&nbsp;Nesrin Demirsoy,&nbsp;Setenay Mit,&nbsp;Ersel Geçioğlu,&nbsp;İlknur Onurlu,&nbsp;Zafer Günendi","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.6.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.6.347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acupuncture and myofascial meridians show great anatomical and clinical compatibility.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to compare the effects of myofascial meridian stretching exercises and acupuncture in patients with low back pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomized 81 subjects with acute/subacute low back pain into three groups: an acupuncture (A) group, a myofascial meridian stretching (MMS) group, and a control (C) group. We recorded the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Roland- Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) scores at baseline and weeks two and six. We evaluated posterior pelvic tilt and transversus abdominis muscle strenghth with a pressure biofeedback unit, back extensor muscle strength by the Sorenson test, and lumbar range of motion (ROM) with an inclinometer. Group A received acupuncture (BL 57 and BL 62 acupoints) and stretching exercises according to the posterior superficial line were applied to the MMS group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Improvements in the NRS score were more prominent in group A than in group C (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The RMQ score improvement between baseline and weeks two and six was more prominent in groups A and MMS (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.001, respectively). The Sorenson test showed significant improvement between the baseline and week two in groups A and MMS (<i>p</i> = 0.004, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). The increase in lumbar ROM measurement in the MMS group between baseline and week two was significantly higher than in groups A and C (<i>p</i> = 0.009, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stretching exercises according to the myofascial meridian system and acupuncture contributed to improved symptoms in the first two weeks in patients with acute/subacute low-back pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 6","pages":"347-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10419292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Acupuncture on Physical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder: a Single-Arm Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Yuto Matsuura,&nbsp;Seiji Hongo,&nbsp;Hiroshi Taniguchi,&nbsp;Fumiko Yasuno,&nbsp;Tomomi Sakai","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.6.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.6.336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acupuncture is a non-pharmacological therapy used clinically for mood disorders. Relief of physical symptoms with acupuncture treatment may lead to relief of depressive symptoms and improvement of quality of life (QoL). Few studies have examined the effect of acupuncture on the physical symptoms and QoL of patients with mood disorders.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the effect of acupuncture on physical symptoms and QoL of patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, single-arm, longitudinal study included patients with MDD and BD from an outpatient psychiatric clinic. Acupuncture was performed weekly for 12 weeks in combination with regular treatment, with fixed acupoints and individualized treatment for each patient. Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Himorogi Self-Rating Depression Scale (HSDS) and Himorogi Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (HSAS). Physical symptoms such as physical pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, and sleep disorders were evaluated using the Japanese version of the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). QoL was evaluated using the 8-item Short-Form (SF-8) Health Survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 patients (15 MDD and 21 BD patients) were analyzed. After 12 weeks of acupuncture, HSDS and HSAS scores significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Physical symptoms evaluated using SSS-8 and VAS scores also significantly improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In particular, neck pain and insomnia improved at an early stage. Among the SF-8 subscales, scores of bodily pain, general health perception, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acupuncture may improve not only psychiatric symptoms but also physical symptoms and QoL in patients with treatment-resistant mood disorders. Further studies are required for confirmation of the preliminary data collected thus far.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 6","pages":"336-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10402317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sham Acupuncture Is Not Just a Placebo.","authors":"Tae-Hun Kim,&nbsp;Myeong Soo Lee,&nbsp;Hyangsook Lee","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.6.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.6.333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sham acupuncture should have two distinct features: first, it must be morphologically similar to verum acupuncture for blinding purposes, and second, it must not exert physiologically expected effects of verum acupuncture. While several types of sham acupuncture are currently used, there are on-going debates on which sham acupuncture can meet the criteria for being an appropriate control intervention in acupuncture research. In view of this situation, it is unreasonable to regard the use of sham acupuncture in acupuncture research as the same as the use of placebo drugs in drug research. Given the current research evidence that sham acupuncture can exert not only the originally expected non-specific effects but also sham acupuncture-specific effects, it would be misleading to simply regard sham acupuncture as the same as placebo. Therefore, researchers should be cautious when using the term sham acupuncture in clinical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 6","pages":"333-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10402318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture Treatment of a Patient with Bradycardia and Idioventricular Rhythm.","authors":"Oksana Strakhova,&nbsp;Alexey Ryzhov","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.6.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.6.356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A patient with bradycardia and an idioventricular rhythm was observed. According to cardiologists, there is no reliable drug treatment for bradycardia with an idioventricular rhythm; instead, the sole treatment is a pacemaker. In the course of this case, it was shown that acupuncture can restore the heart rhythm from bradycardia to normocardia, and from idioventricular with third-degree atrioventricular node block and an average heart rate of 34 BPM, to normal sinus rhythm with a heart rate of 71 BPM. Additionally, at the end of the treatment, the patient's number of episodes of ventricular extrasystole decreased 36 times (3289 versus 91 episodes). These results show that research on this technique should be continued.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 6","pages":"356-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10402319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedative Effect of Ketamin-Midazolam Administered at Acupoint GV20 Compared to Intramuscular Route in Blue-Fronted Amazon (<i>Amazona aestiva</i>): a Pilot Study.","authors":"Aricia Noelli Brega Monteiro,&nbsp;Bruno Simões Sérgio Petri,&nbsp;Haroldo Furuya,&nbsp;Liliane Milanelo,&nbsp;Márcia Valéria Rizzo Scognamillo,&nbsp;Ayne Murata Hayashi","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.5.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.5.314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growth of exotic pet medicine is leading to fast developments in clinical investigations on birds. Acupuncture, specifically pharmacopuncture, offers safe chemical restraint options.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate pharmacopuncture at acupoint GV20 in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) using ketamine and midazolam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen healthy birds were distributed into four groups (C: intramuscular control; 1/2 C: 1/2 dose intramuscular control; 1/2 GV20: 1/2 dose at acupoint GV20; 1/5 GV20: 1/5 dose at acupoint GV20). Degree of sedation, latency, recuperation time, heart and respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured. Quantitative data were analyzed by a Student's t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The C, 1/2 C, and 1/2 GV20 groups showed the same degree of sedation. The 1/2 GV20 group showed longer latency times (6 ± 2.1) than the 1/2 C (2.5 ± 0.5) group. Sedation time did not differ between the C (28 ± 9.8), 1/2 C (30.5 ± 8.6), and 1/2 GV20 (41 ± 22.24) groups. The 1/2 GV20 group recuperated faster (13.7 ± 3.7) than the C group (64.2 ± 3.5). The C and 1/2 C groups showed tremors and slow and unstable recovery. Two animals in the C group showed mild hypothermia (38°C).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of 1/2 GV20 was effective and safe to sedate blue-fronted Amazon parrots without side effects, providing easy, stable, and fast recovery. The use of 1/5 GV20 had a shorter sedation time. These findings show that the combination of acupuncture and drugs provides new possibilities for efficient anesthetic protocols with fewer side effects in birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 5","pages":"314-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture for Osteoporosis: a Review of Its Clinical and Preclinical Studies.","authors":"Yimiao Tian,&nbsp;Lili Wang,&nbsp;Tianshu Xu,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Ruyuan Zhu,&nbsp;Beibei Chen,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Bingke Xia,&nbsp;Yiwen Che,&nbsp;Dandan Zhao,&nbsp;Dongwei Zhang","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.5.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.5.281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acupuncture has gained growing attention in the management of osteoporosis (OP). However, a comprehensive review has not yet been conducted on the efficacy and challenges of acupuncture in preliminary research and clinical trials. Therefore, an extensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), CNKI (www.cnki.net), and Web of Science, for studies published from the beginning of 2000 to the end of May 2022. Combinations of synonyms for OP, acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine, clinical trial, preclinical study, and animal experiments were searched. A total of 290 papers were consulted, including 115 reviews, 109 clinical observations, and 66 preclinical studies. There is accumulating evidence to support the beneficial role of acupuncture in preserving bone quality and relieving clinical symptoms based on clinical and preclinical investigations. The top ten most commonly used acupoints are BL23, ST36, BL20, BL11, CV4, GV4, SP 6, KI3, BL18, and GB39. The underlying mechanisms behind the benefits of acupuncture may be linked with the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (adrenal) axis and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathways. In summary, strong evidence may still come from prospective and well-designed clinical trials to shed light on the potential role of acupuncture in preserving bone loss. Future investigations are needed to explore the potential underlying mechanisms, long-term clinical efficacy, and compliance of acupuncture in OP management.</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 5","pages":"281-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Acupressure on Dental Anxiety in Children: a Pilot Study for a Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Maria Eliza Consolação Soares,&nbsp;Alessandra de Souza Araújo,&nbsp;Isabela Carvalhaes Lagares Pinto,&nbsp;Luiza Silveira Araújo Barbosa,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Borsatto,&nbsp;Rodrigo Galo","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.5.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.5.307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety is an important problem in children in dental clinics. Acupressure may be a useful tool to assist in dental procedures in anxious children.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This pilot study was performed to examine the effects of acupressure on dental anxiety in children undergoing restorative procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen children aged 7-10 years and with at least one primary molar with caries on the dentine were included in the study. The participants also needed to score at least one point on the modified Venham Picture Test (VPTm) for the determination of anxiety. The children were randomly allocated to two groups: group A - non-documented points for the reduction of anxiety and induction of relaxation; group B - documented points (EX-HN3, Shen Men of auricular acupuncture). The anxiety scale was administered on three occasions: prior to the application of acupressure; immediately after sitting in the dental chair to undergo restorative treatment; and after removal of acupressure at the end of the restorative procedure. Heart rate (HR) was measured when each child sat in the dental chair, after the removal of carious tissue, and after the removal of acupressure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the procedure, HR (as an indicator of anxiety) was statistically significantly lower in group B than group A (<i>p</i> = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding anxiety before and during the restorative procedure (VPTm and HR: <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The children who received acupressure on documented points for the reduction of anxiety had a significantly lower HR after the restorative procedure. No significant between-group difference was found regarding anxiety measured using a psychometric evaluation (VPTm).</p>","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 5","pages":"307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warm Cupping in Combination with Standard Therapy in COVID-19: Correspondence.","authors":"Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.5.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.5.279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies","volume":"15 5","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}