Problems of Post-Communism最新文献

{"title":"Russia’s Authoritarian Policymaking: The Politics of Domestic Violence after Partial Decriminalization","authors":"Janet Elise Johnson","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2274074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2274074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Politicisation of Immigration in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from Plenary Debates in Two Countries","authors":"Jan Kovář","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2022.2085579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2022.2085579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The research on the party politicization of immigration almost exclusively focuses on West European countries. To address the lack of studies of party politicization (hereafter understood as salience) of immigration in Central and East European countries, we investigate all the parliamentary speeches in Czechia and Slovakia between 2013 and 2017. Descriptively, we show that immigration was almost invisible before the 2015 refugee crisis. On the explanatory level, we show that party placement toward the TAN-pole of the GAL–TAN dimension, Eurosceptic positions, and government participation make it more likely for parliamentarians to politicize immigration.","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139290875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securitization of Immigration in the Czech Republic and Its Impact on the Czech Migration Policy: Experts’ Perceptions","authors":"Oldřich Bureš, R. Stojanov","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2022.2085580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2022.2085580","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article offers an exploratory analysis of experts’ perceptions of securitization of immigration in the Czech Republic and its impact on Czech migration policy in the aftermath of the 2015–2016 European “migration crisis.” Our findings indicate that the interviewed experts’ perceptions correspond more to the logic of the exception than the routine: the importance of day-to-day management is less frequently emphasized than the elite-level security-oriented discourses and their acceptance by the Czech public. Our respondents also identify the relative stability and continuity of the Czech migration policy as a positive repercussion of securitization.","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139290873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Religiosity among Kyrgyz Migrants in the United States","authors":"Saltanat Liebert, David Webber","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2259581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2259581","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTSome immigrants become more religious after migration due to isolation, marginalization, and difficulties adjusting to a new culture. The purpose of this research is twofold: to explore the level of religiosity among Kyrgyzstani migrants who self-identify as religious and to ascertain the extent to which Muslim Kyrgyz in the United States are able to fulfill their religious yearnings. The data are drawn from a survey of Kyrgyz migrants in the Chicago metropolitan area. This study sheds light on the diversity of the Muslim community, demonstrating that former Soviet Muslims practice Islam in ways that are different from other Muslims. AcknowledgmentsWe are very grateful to our research assistant, who wishes to remain anonymous, for his assistance in data collection. We also appreciate the constructive comments of the reviewers. And finally, this study would not have been possible without the participation of the Kyrgyz diaspora in Chicago. We owe a deep debt of gratitude to them.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. “V Rossii v 2022 godu zafiksirovali rekordniy ottok migrantov iz Armenii, Kyrgyzstana I Uzbekistana” (A record outflow in 2022 is registered in Russia of migrants from Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan). Nastoiashee Vremia, November 8, 2022, https://www.currenttime.tv/a/v-rossii-v-2022-godu-zafiksirovali-rekordnyy-ottok-migrantov-/32120403.html (last accessed November 30, 2022).2. For comparison, the US GDP per capita is USD 59,500 per year, while Kyrgyzstan’s is USD 3,700 (United States Central Intelligence Agency Citation2018).3. On a recent visit to Chicago, one of the members of the research team attended a social gathering of more than twenty Russian-speaking immigrants. The family hosting the event was from Kyrgyzstan; yet, there were only two guests who were their co-ethnics. This is unusual because recent immigrants tend to socialize mostly with their co-ethnic compatriots and Chicago has a relatively large Kyrgyz diaspora, so it is easy to meet them. When the research team member asked the hosts why there were so few Kyrgyz at the party, they replied that many Kyrgyz immigrants have become devout Muslims; as secular Muslims the hosts felt that they did not have much in common with them. The researcher found this statement very surprising because a minority of Kyrgyz in Kyrgyzstan are devout Muslims (Pew Research Center Citation2012); the Soviet Union suppressed religious practices and, as a result, two generations of Kyrgyz grew up under a very secular regime and in non-religious families.4. Estimates by consular officials at the Kyrgyz Embassy to the United States and Canada.5. The research assistant was then a 32-year-old young man who had immigrated to the United States five years earlier. He described himself as religious and someone who attended mosque regularly both in Kyrgyzstan prior to migration and then in the United States.6. This researcher worked as a ","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelation between Institutional Trust, Satisfaction of Economy, and Corruption Perception","authors":"Aram Simonyan","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2258262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2258262","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCorruption perception indices are conventionally used as a proxy for mirroring the real corruption level in a country. This article studies the potential impact of the perception of institutional factors on corruption perception. Using a three-year survey dataset from all regions of Armenia, I argue that economic perception and trust in institutions directly and indirectly influence corruption perception by undermining individuals’ satisfaction with the country’s overall situation. Further mediation analysis manifests that satisfaction with the country’s overall situation is the cornerstone linking corruption perception with economic perception and trust in institutions. Policy implications and further research avenues are discussed. Disclosure StatementThe article was initiated when the author was a Fulbright fellow at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and it was accepted for publication when he was a KAAD scholar in Germany.AcknowledgmentsThe author thanks Dmitry Gorenburg and two anonymous reviewers for their time and useful comments on earlier versions.Notes1. The World Bank – https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/11/28/social-snapshot-and-poverty-in-armenia.print.2. The Caucasus Research Center – Corruption Survey of Households 2008–2010.3. https://www.crrc.am/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2010_Corruption_Household_Survey_Report_English.pdf.4. More detailed description of variables is presented in Appendix B.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the I was a Fulbright Scholar when I started the article [Fulrbight]; and a KAAD scholar when I finished the article [KAAD].","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135419976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Formation of Religious Authority Among Central Asian Mullahs in Russia: Questions of Duty and Loyalty in a Muslim Migration Context","authors":"Dmitriy A. Oparin","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2254913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2254913","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper develops a new approach to contemporary religious authority among Muslim migrants in Russia, conceptualizing such notions as duty and loyalty in the Muslim migration context. The study demonstrates the fluidity of the boundary between official and unofficial authorities using the configuration of the Muslim environment of Irkutsk (Siberia) as its real-life example. The research focuses on the position, religious practices, and views of Central Asian mullahs in the city of Irkutsk. Though they do not hold any official positions in the city mosque, they nevertheless play a considerable role in the construction of the religious everyday life of their fellow believers. AcknowledgmentsThis article is a product of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) in 2022. The research was completed with additional support from the Orient-Institut Istanbul. The paper was translated from Russian into English by Ben McGarr.I would like to thank my colleagues who read different versions of this paper, attentively listened to me at various conferences, and gave their precious and useful advices. They are Sergei Abashin, Ekaterina Demintseva, Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov, Jesko Schmoller, Danis Garaev, Kristina Kovalskaya, Anna Kruglova, Anna Cieślewska, and Guzel Sabirova. I would also like to express my gratitude to all my interlocutors in Irkutsk and beyond who contributed their time, thoughts, and emotions.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. The Spiritual Directorate of the Muslims of Irkutsk Oblast, or “Baikalskii Muftiyat” (named after Asia’s largest lake, Baikal, located on the border between Irkutsk Oblast and the Republic of Buryatia), under the leadership of Farit – the Mufti and Imam of the Irkutsk Cathedral Mosque – was officially registered in 2006. The Baikal Muftiate was formed on the basis of the liquidated Baikal territorial subdivision (qadiyat/qazyat) of the Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia (abbreviated DUM AChR in Russian). One of the largest Muslim organizations in Russia, the Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia was founded in 1997 under the leadership of Mufti Nafigulla Ashirov (Yemelianova Citation2022, 139). The process by which the Baikal Qazyat of the Muslims of Irkutsk Oblast separated from the DUM AChR (and the corresponding change of name) took place during 2005 and was prompted by a split in the congregation of the Irkutsk Cathedral Mosque, an attempt by a number of community activists to remove Farit Mingaleyev, the imam of the Irkutsk Mosque and simultaneously head of the Baikal Qazyat. In the confrontation between the two parties, the regional authorities took the side of the current Imam Farit. The Baikal Muftiate is now an independent regional organization, not subject to any of the all-Russian Muslim struc","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting Their Own: Brokers and Informality in Real-Life Corrupt Transactions in the Case of Slovak Healthcare","authors":"Kristina Cimova","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2253357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2253357","url":null,"abstract":"The article carries out qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews and focus groups with over 40 participants, to gain insight into the real-life mechanisms underpinning corrupt transactions. The findings show a strong indication that corrupt transactions in this case study of Slovak healthcare are tethered to the practice of brokerage, with the broker becoming a central figure with greater power than previously suggested in corruption brokerage literature. The article suggests a clear cognitive dissonance between the perception of the broker’s services as a friendly favor, as opposed to the illegality of the practice, grounded in cultural idiosyncrasies of the CEE region.Footnote1","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Painful Moments and Realignment: Explaining Ukraine’s Foreign Policy, 2014–2022","authors":"Per Ekman","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2253358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2253358","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, Ukraine’s foreign policy was indecisive, with elites balancing domestic interests, Russia, and the West. This article claims a critical juncture occurred in 2013–2014 resulting in Ukraine’s decisive turn to the West for two main reasons. First, the fragmentation of the Donetsk elite and territorial losses that excluded parts of its voter base weakened “pro-Russian” political forces inside Ukraine. Second, Ukraine’s predominant foreign policy narrative increasingly portrayed the EU and NATO as a civilizational choice and Russia as a radical other. The article shows how the critical juncture made Ukraine’s shift possible and how Ukraine’s pro-Western orientation stabilized from 2014 onward.","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russia’s Case for War against Ukraine: Legal Claims, Political Rhetoric, and Instrumentality in a Fracturing International Order","authors":"Roy Allison","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2254915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2254915","url":null,"abstract":"In seeking to justify its war of aggression against Ukraine, Russia has presented a wide variety of legal, quasi-legal, and normative claims, alongside political rhetoric and transparent revanchism. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of Russian speeches and texts concerning the war, this article deconstructs Russia’s legal and political arguments and analyzes their rhetorical character as well as their intended audiences. It also assesses the instrumentality of Putin’s irredentist claims on “historic Russian regions” in Ukraine. The article concludes that this abuse of legal and normative discourse to justify not only a full-scale invasion but also territorial annexation is a central threat to core global rules and norms.","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Western Estimates of Russian Military Capabilities and the Invasion of Ukraine","authors":"Bettina Renz","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2253359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2253359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}