{"title":"Engaging Persistent Delusions of a Patient With Schizophrenia: A Reflection on Building the Therapeutic Alliance.","authors":"John M Pothen","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"appipsychotherapy20250013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Canine-Assisted Intervention in the Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital Setting: Staff's Perception of the Benefits of Pet Therapy.","authors":"Michelle Geiss, Lorna Scoggins, Shelby Whaley, Tamsyn Weaver, Renae Hale, Albert Botchway","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this qualitative study was to evaluate the therapeutic role of canine-assisted intervention (CAI) as an adjunct to multimodal treatment in inpatient psychiatry, develop an implementation framework for an animal-assisted therapy program, and examine staff perceptions of its benefits as a complementary modality in psychiatric care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted a 20-minute semistructured interview with 17 psychiatric nursing staff members who were current employees in an adult inpatient psychiatric unit and who had worked with pet therapy services over the past 4 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of interviews revealed that participants perceived CAI as a beneficial adjunct to psychiatric care. Staff reported that therapy sessions improved patient mood, reduced anxiety, enhanced socialization, and encouraged engagement among individuals who were often withdrawn. Interactions with therapy dogs contributed to a calmer unit environment and strengthened therapeutic relationships between patients and staff. Participants experienced personal enjoyment and stress relief during therapy visits and recommended increasing the frequency and structure of the program to further support both patient and staff well-being.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAI was perceived by staff as a valuable complementary therapy in the inpatient psychiatric setting, offering emotional, social, and therapeutic benefits for both patients and staff. Findings highlight improvements in mood, socialization, coping, and overall patient experience, with strong support for expanding and structuring such programs. These results suggest that CAI can play a meaningful role in enhancing multimodal psychiatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"appipsychotherapy20250082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John C Markowitz, Kevin S McCarthy, Barbara Milrod
{"title":"Misguided: A Commentary on the 2025 American Psychological Association PTSD Treatment Guideline for Adults.","authors":"John C Markowitz, Kevin S McCarthy, Barbara Milrod","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"appipsychotherapy20250053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caring for Trauma in Underserved Communities: Enhancing Psychotherapy.","authors":"Trenton L James, Kevin Shird, Pamela Y Collins","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Underserved communities-especially communities of color in the United States-face disproportionate exposure to trauma because of social and structural inequalities. These factors give rise to intergenerational transmission of trauma and inform cultural beliefs about psychotherapy and mental health care more broadly. Increasingly, individual psychotherapies developed in diverse settings, as well as community-based psychosocial interventions, show evidence of client engagement, acceptability, and efficacy. The authors describe upstream and immediate factors that increase vulnerability to trauma among U.S. Black communities facing adversity. Vulnerabilities and strengths shaped by colonialism and enslavement are also examined across communities of color. Although psychotherapy for communities of color can play a vital role in healing personal harms shaped by structural threats, it is insufficient without additional resources. Providers and communities must collaborate in order to understand and reduce structural stigmas that are sources of trauma and barriers to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"appipsychotherapy20250069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapist Empathy and the Therapist's Feelings.","authors":"Juan Pablo Kalawski, Leonor Irarrázaval","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article seeks to clarify and distinguish how phenomenological definitions of empathy may be applied in psychotherapy. It argues that effective therapeutic practice relies not only on narrative engagement but also on embodied attunement, often referred to as empathic resonance. Rather than viewing the therapist's feelings as passive emotional mirroring of the client, the authors propose a critical and situated perspective in which these feelings are understood as embodied responses that emerge within the therapeutic relationship. In doing so, the authors aim to contribute to the enhancement of clinical training in psychotherapy. They specifically advocate for a stepwise approach to training, in which narrative tracking and bodily self-awareness are developed and cultivated as separate skills in the early phases of psychotherapy training. The progressive integration of these skills eventually enables therapists to use their feelings as instruments of empathy rather than sources of interference. Thus, empathic therapists do not limit themselves to a purely cognitive, intellectual understanding of a client's story. Instead, they cultivate a comprehensive form of empathy, allowing themselves to resonate with the client's experience at a bodily, prereflexive level.</p>","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"appipsychotherapy20250068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie M Woolridge, Nitha A Vincent, Talia Leibovitz, Shreya Jagtap, Jessica D'Arcey, Sylvia Romanowska, Robert Aidelbaum, Marie Kessaris, Hanna V Hamzai, Aqsa Zahid Ibrahim, Felicia Martins, Lynn Rutledge, Michael W Best
{"title":"The Questionnaire About the Process of Recovery as a Sessional Measure in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis.","authors":"Stephanie M Woolridge, Nitha A Vincent, Talia Leibovitz, Shreya Jagtap, Jessica D'Arcey, Sylvia Romanowska, Robert Aidelbaum, Marie Kessaris, Hanna V Hamzai, Aqsa Zahid Ibrahim, Felicia Martins, Lynn Rutledge, Michael W Best","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is a frontline psychological intervention, yet there is no widely used tool for sessional measurement. Using data from two clinical trials, the authors examined the feasibility of using the Questionnaire About the Process of Recovery (QPR) as a sessional outcome measurement tool throughout CBTp.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-two participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders received up to 26 sessions of CBTp and were instructed to complete the QPR at each session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, participants attended 21.56 CBTp sessions and completed the QPR for 95% of the sessions. Two participants did not complete the QPR because of symptomatic or functional limitations, and one additional participant did not reliably complete the QPR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The QPR is a feasible tool for measuring therapeutic progress and subjective recovery for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are receiving CBTp. Because measurement-based care is underused in this population, these findings demonstrate the potential utility of a personal recovery measure for capturing sessional data in CBTp.</p>","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"appipsychotherapy20250059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren Kleidermacher, Millicent Warner, Mark Olfson
{"title":"Gender and Age Differences in Psychotherapy Use Among U.S. Adults With Depression and Anxiety.","authors":"Lauren Kleidermacher, Millicent Warner, Mark Olfson","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether psychotherapy use varies by gender and age among U.S. adults with depression or daily anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the 2021-2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sample included adults ages ≥18 who screened positive for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10, N=728) or reported daily anxiety symptoms (N=1,708). Psychotherapy use was defined as self-reported receipt of therapy from a mental health professional in the past year. Survey-weighted logistic regression estimated associations between gender and psychotherapy use within age strata, and the margins produced predicted probabilities and gender gaps. Secondary analyses examined differences by race-ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When the full analytic sample was considered, psychotherapy use was higher among women than men for both depression and anxiety. For depression, the gender gap was largest among adults ages 18-25 (22 percentage points), smaller for ages 26-49 (12 points), and reversed at ages ≥50 (-1 point); young men had the lowest use (27%). For anxiety, gender gaps were 13, 12, and 4 percentage points for ages 18-25, 26-49, and ≥50, respectively. Men in the youngest and oldest age groups had the lowest psychotherapy use (24% and 23%, respectively). Mexican American adults had the lowest psychotherapy use for both depression (19%) and anxiety (27%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gender disparities in psychotherapy use are greatest among younger adults, particularly for depression, and are less pronounced for anxiety. Young men show especially low use. Findings highlight opportunities for targeted outreach, referral pathways, and service models tailored to men, especially younger men, and to Mexican American adults to reduce underuse of psychotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"appipsychotherapy20250050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The RFP-C Triangle of Conflict: Listening to Countertransference Helps Listening to Children With Disruptive Behaviors.","authors":"Leon Hoffman, Pamela McPherson","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Countertransference is universal in the treatment of children with disruptive behaviors. Clinicians must be aware of their countertransference in order to use those feelings as therapeutically as possible. Understanding their countertransference can help clinicians understand and address the defensive aspects of disruptive behaviors that protect children from consciously experiencing painful emotions. Regulation-focused psychotherapy for children (RFP-C), the first manualized psychodynamic treatment for children with disruptive behaviors, uses the RFP-C triangle of conflict as a heuristic to help clinicians reflect on their countertransference, address children's emotional dysregulation, and guide parents to curiosity and a deeper understanding of their child's behavior. A composite case vignette illustrates the triangle's usefulness in meeting challenges of countertransference as well as listening to children when they can express emotions via only actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"appipsychotherapy20250058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Macrynikola, Katherine M Tezanos, Jackson Doerr, Nazaret Suazo, Leanna Villareal, Laura Whiteley, Shirley Yen
{"title":"The Impact of Text Engagement in a Brief, Technology-Enhanced Adjunctive Intervention for Youth Suicide Risk and Depression.","authors":"Natalia Macrynikola, Katherine M Tezanos, Jackson Doerr, Nazaret Suazo, Leanna Villareal, Laura Whiteley, Shirley Yen","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20240065","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20240065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Brief, technology-enhanced interventions can increase treatment access while effectively addressing widespread clinical problems, such as major depression and suicidal thoughts and behavior, among young adults. Understanding the extent to which the digital components of these innovative interventions contribute to outcomes is key to realizing their potential. This study investigated whether text engagement enhances the effectiveness of a brief, adjunctive intervention, Skills to Enhance Positivity (STEP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five young adults in outpatient treatment received the STEP intervention, which was hypothesized to reduce depression and suicidal ideation by engaging the transdiagnostic mechanism of positive affect. Text engagement was examined as a predictor of positive affect, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation at posttest and follow-up, with baseline scores controlled. The authors also examined associations of text engagement with baseline clinical and demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant effect was found for text engagement on positive affect, and a trend toward a significant effect was found for text engagement on depressive symptoms. No significant effect was found for suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that light-touch, low-cost technology enhancements, such as text messaging, may enhance the impact of therapeutic interventions. Future research with larger sample sizes is essential to better understand when, how, and for whom such light-touch enhancements may increase intervention effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12718554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pixar's <i>Inside Out</i> as a Dialectical Behavior Therapy-Informed Intervention for Adults.","authors":"Katie Brazaitis, Adriana C Stetson","doi":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250001","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20250001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an empirically validated treatment for chronic, difficult-to-treat, life-threatening mental health conditions. DBT can be challenging to implement and maintain in managed care systems because of the need for substantial infrastructure and intensive clinician training. As a result, most clients receive components of DBT, known as DBT-informed care. This model is valuable in its own right, including for individuals with less severe clinical symptoms. Additionally, clinicians who provide DBT experience professional benefit. Cinematherapy, the incorporation of film in therapy, uses psychodynamic and social-cognitive mechanisms of change based on the premise that movies can provide catharsis and validation, enhance self-exploration, and support new learning. This article offers guidance for using the movie <i>Inside Out</i> as a DBT-informed therapy intervention for adults. The film demonstrates the value of accepting, before changing, emotions and of the crucial role of validation in psychosocial development and therapeutic healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":46822,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY","volume":" ","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}