North American Actuarial Journal最新文献

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A Unified Framework for Insurance Demand and Mortality Immunization 保险需求和死亡率免疫的统一框架
IF 1.4
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2218465
Hua Chen, Jin Gao, Wei Zhu
{"title":"A Unified Framework for Insurance Demand and Mortality Immunization","authors":"Hua Chen, Jin Gao, Wei Zhu","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2218465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2218465","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores an individual’s optimal insurance choice and an insurer’s optimal product mix consisting of whole life insurance and deferred annuity under the tâtonnement framework. On the demand side, the insured decides an optimal insurance choice by maximising lifetime expected utility. On the supply side, an insurer chooses an optimal product mix by minimising the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) of losses in its lines of business. By varying the loading factor for each insurance product, we match the demand and the supply of these products to clear the market. Our results show that market equilibriums occur when life insurance loading is relatively high and annuity loading is relatively low. This calls for attentions for insurance regulators and insurance companies to re-examine insurance/annuity underwriting and pricing. Our results also help explain the annuity puzzle and the life insurance puzzle in a neoclassic economic framework.","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41793973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Asymptotic Result on Catastrophe Insurance Losses 巨灾保险损失的一个渐近结果
IF 1.4
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2216764
Yiqing Chen, Jiajun Liu
{"title":"An Asymptotic Result on Catastrophe Insurance Losses","authors":"Yiqing Chen, Jiajun Liu","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2216764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2216764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41969169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bowley Insurance with Expected Utility Maximization of the Policyholders 投保人期望效用最大化的鲍利保险
IF 1.4
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2213295
Tim J. Boonen, Wenjun Jiang
{"title":"Bowley Insurance with Expected Utility Maximization of the Policyholders","authors":"Tim J. Boonen, Wenjun Jiang","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2213295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2213295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article studies the Bowley solution for a sequential game within the expected utility framework. We assume that the policyholders are expected utility maximizers and there exists a representative policyholder who faces a fixed loss with given probability and no loss otherwise. This policyholder selects the optimal indemnity function in response to the pricing kernel set by the insurer. Knowing the policyholder’s choice of indemnity function, the insurer adjusts the pricing kernel to maximize its expected net profit. This pricing kernel is of our central interest in this article, and in our setting the pricing kernel can be evaluated via the safety loading factor in an expected value premium principle. For a wide class of utility functions, we show that the optimal safety loading factor increases with respect to both the policyholder’s risk aversion level and the probability of zero loss. We also show that the insurance contract corresponding to the Bowley solution is Pareto dominated in the sense that both parties’ interests can be further improved, which shows the inefficiency of the Bowley solution. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the main results, and it is shown that both the policyholder and insurer can strictly benefit from the Bowley solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GAMLSS for Longitudinal Multivariate Claim Count Models 纵向多变量索赔计数模型的GAMLSS
IF 1.4
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2202707
R. Turcotte, J. Boucher
{"title":"GAMLSS for Longitudinal Multivariate Claim Count Models","authors":"R. Turcotte, J. Boucher","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2202707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2202707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44387364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Pricing of Joint Life Long-Term Care Insurance Based on a Multistate Markov Model 基于多状态马尔可夫模型的联合终身长期护理保险定价
IF 1.4
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2208192
Qin Shang, Xueyang Wang, Xuezhi Qin, Xiaohui Zhao
{"title":"Pricing of Joint Life Long-Term Care Insurance Based on a Multistate Markov Model","authors":"Qin Shang, Xueyang Wang, Xuezhi Qin, Xiaohui Zhao","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2208192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2208192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43107919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predictability and Financial Sufficiency of Health Insurance in Colombia: An Actuarial Analysis With a Bayesian Approach 哥伦比亚医疗保险的可预测性和财务充分性:基于贝叶斯方法的精算分析
IF 1.4
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2197475
Oscar Espinosa, Valeria Bejarano, Jeferson Ramos
{"title":"Predictability and Financial Sufficiency of Health Insurance in Colombia: An Actuarial Analysis With a Bayesian Approach","authors":"Oscar Espinosa, Valeria Bejarano, Jeferson Ramos","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2197475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2197475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41806043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antidiscrimination Insurance Pricing: Regulations, Fairness Criteria, and Models 反歧视保险定价:法规、公平标准和模型
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2190528
Xi Xin, Fei Huang
{"title":"Antidiscrimination Insurance Pricing: Regulations, Fairness Criteria, and Models","authors":"Xi Xin, Fei Huang","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2190528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2190528","url":null,"abstract":"On the issue of insurance discrimination, a grey area in regulation has resulted from the growing use of big data analytics by insurance companies: direct discrimination is prohibited, but indirect discrimination using proxies or more complex and opaque algorithms is not clearly specified or assessed. This phenomenon has recently attracted the attention of insurance regulators all over the world. Meanwhile, various fairness criteria have been proposed and flourished in the machine learning literature with the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in the past decade and have mostly focused on classification decisions. In this article, we introduce some fairness criteria that are potentially applicable to insurance pricing as a regression problem to the actuarial field, match them with different levels of potential and existing antidiscrimination regulations, and implement them into a series of existing and newly proposed antidiscrimination insurance pricing models, using both generalized linear models (GLMs) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Our empirical analysis compares the outcome of different models via the fairness–accuracy trade-off and shows their impact on adverse selection and solidarity.","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135215217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Robust Dividend, Financing, and Reinsurance Strategies Under Model Uncertainty with Proportional Transaction Costs 具有比例交易成本的模型不确定性下稳健股利、融资与再保险策略
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2186430
Guohui Guan, Lin He, Zongxia Liang, Yang Liu, Litian Zhang
{"title":"Robust Dividend, Financing, and Reinsurance Strategies Under Model Uncertainty with Proportional Transaction Costs","authors":"Guohui Guan, Lin He, Zongxia Liang, Yang Liu, Litian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2186430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2186430","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the robust dividend, financing, and reinsurance strategies for an ambiguity aversion insurer (AAI) under model uncertainty. The AAI controls its liquid reserves by purchasing proportional reinsurance, paying dividends, and issuing new equity. We consider model uncertainty and suppose that the AAI is ambiguous about the liquid reserves process, which is described by a class of equivalent probability measures. The objective of the AAI is to maximize the expected present value of the dividend payouts minus the discounted costs of issuing new equity before bankruptcy under the worst-case scenario. A detailed proof of the verification theorem is shown for the robust singular-regular problem. We obtain the explicit solutions of the robust strategies, which are classified into three cases. Numerical results are also presented to show the impacts of the ambiguity aversion coefficient, and the transaction cost factor.","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135493342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Dynamic Stochastic Integrated Climate–Economic Spatiotemporal Model for Agricultural Insurance Products 农业保险产品的动态随机综合气候-经济时空模型
IF 1.4
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2176323
Suikai Gao, Guillaume Bagnarosa, Gareth W. Peters, M. Ames, Tomoko Matsui
{"title":"A Dynamic Stochastic Integrated Climate–Economic Spatiotemporal Model for Agricultural Insurance Products","authors":"Suikai Gao, Guillaume Bagnarosa, Gareth W. Peters, M. Ames, Tomoko Matsui","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2176323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2176323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49474050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coherent Mortality Forecasting with a Model Averaging Approach: Evidence from Global Populations 基于模型平均法的一致死亡率预测:来自全球人口的证据
IF 1.4
North American Actuarial Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2023.2185260
Yanlin Shi
{"title":"Coherent Mortality Forecasting with a Model Averaging Approach: Evidence from Global Populations","authors":"Yanlin Shi","doi":"10.1080/10920277.2023.2185260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2023.2185260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46812,"journal":{"name":"North American Actuarial Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48178128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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