Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-23DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09611-2
Reka C Barton
{"title":"Nelson Flores, Amelia Tseng & Nicholas Subtirelu (eds): Bilingualism for All? Raciolinguistic Perspectives on Dual Language Education in the United States","authors":"Reka C Barton","doi":"10.1007/s10993-021-09611-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-021-09611-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44325921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09605-0
Madeline Mavrogordato, Rebecca M. Callahan, Caroline Bartlett
{"title":"Mid-level leaders as key policy interpreters: state and local leaders’ perspectives on leveraging Castañeda to expand equity for English learner students","authors":"Madeline Mavrogordato, Rebecca M. Callahan, Caroline Bartlett","doi":"10.1007/s10993-021-09605-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-021-09605-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46168572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09610-3
R. A. Martínez, Danny C. Martinez, P. Morales
{"title":"Black lives matter versus Castañeda v. Pickard: a utopian vision of who counts as bilingual (and who matters in bilingual education)","authors":"R. A. Martínez, Danny C. Martinez, P. Morales","doi":"10.1007/s10993-021-09610-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-021-09610-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53135959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-11DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09613-0
Farhad Mazlum
{"title":"Is English the world’s lingua franca or the language of the enemy? Choice and age factors in foreign language policymaking in Iran","authors":"Farhad Mazlum","doi":"10.1007/s10993-021-09613-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-021-09613-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53136059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09607-y
Hernández, Sera J., Alfaro, Cristina, Martell, Melissa A. Navarro
{"title":"Bilingual teacher educators as language policy agents: A critical language policy perspective of the Castañeda v. Pickard case and the bilingual teacher shortage","authors":"Hernández, Sera J., Alfaro, Cristina, Martell, Melissa A. Navarro","doi":"10.1007/s10993-021-09607-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-021-09607-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing on decades of lessons from a Bilingual Teacher Education Program (BTEP) in California that has persevered both restrictive and additive federal and state educational language policies, this manuscript provides an ethnographic snapshot of how this BTEP has strategically navigated through and around anti-immigrant ideologies and policies to survive incessant attacks on bilingual education and educational equity for multilingual learners. Utilizing a critical language policy framework, the authors analyze how the Castañeda v. Pickard case and other educational language policies shape the work of bilingual teacher educators as language policy agents. They rely on autoethnographic accounts to illustrate how they navigate the complex relationship between policy and practice and offer a critical analysis of the bilingual teacher shortage. The authors propose that developing critically conscious bilingual educators with ideological clarity may mitigate this larger systemic issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09608-x
Castro, Dina C., Meek, Shantel
{"title":"Beyond Castañeda and the “language barrier” ideology: young children and their right to bilingualism","authors":"Castro, Dina C., Meek, Shantel","doi":"10.1007/s10993-021-09608-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-021-09608-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forty years ago, the Castañeda v. Pickard landmark case marked an important milestone in the fight for equitable education for English learners<sup>1</sup> in law, and for the first time linked theory, resources, and outcomes. Notwithstanding the important progress it marked in advocating for greater resources for English learners and accountability for education systems, the central goal of the Castañeda Standard, to “overcome language barriers that impede equal participation in educational programs” is fundamentally flawed. Language, in its essence, is not a barrier but a human characteristic and a strength, and knowledge of the English language, specifically, should not be the exclusive route to attain equal participation in education programs. In this article, we discuss the importance of the Castaňeda Standard and importantly, how we can build from its foundation toward more equitable learning systems, with a central focus on the early care and education system, which has thus far, been left out of formal standards and accountability for bilingual children, with some exceptions. We ground our discussion in the central tenet that improving standards must move away from the “language barrier ideology” to perceiving language as a strength to build on, and to include bilingualism and biliteracy as a central goal of learning systems, shifting away from an exclusive English learning focus. We discuss the importance of bringing a larger degree of objectivity, grounded in current science, to guide implementation. We track the same three pillars established by the Castaňeda Standard 40 years ago and further develop how these could apply to the early care and education systems that serve the youngest bilingual learners.</p>","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09604-1
Maria R Coady, Brian Ankeny, Raisa Ankeny
{"title":"Is language a 'right' in U.S. education?: unpacking <i>Castañeda's</i> reach across federal, state, and district lines.","authors":"Maria R Coady, Brian Ankeny, Raisa Ankeny","doi":"10.1007/s10993-021-09604-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-021-09604-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Castañeda v. Pickard</i> (648 F.2d 989, [5th Cir. 1981]) was a significant legal case in the history of educational policy for non-native English-speaking students in the United States. The case established a three prong 'test' for programs for those students, including the right for students to have an educational program based on sound educational theory; resources and personnel to properly implement the program; and evaluation of the effectiveness of the program. After 40 years of interpretation of the <i>Castañeda</i> case, the issue of language rights for non-native English speakers in United States public schools continues to be debated by scholars and interpreted through various legal statutes and case holdings. This article examines the <i>Castañeda</i> case and its recent interpretations in the literature as applied to non-native English-speaking students. We use a theoretical lens of orientations in language planning (Ruíz 1984) and language policy text as reported by Lo Bianco and Aliani (Language planning and student experiences: Intention, rhetoric, and implementation, Multilingual Matters, 2013). We then discuss the socio-historical context of the case and position it with respect to the 1974 seminal case of <i>Lau v. Nichols.</i> Using the state of Florida as an example, we next describe the complex language ecology of local and state language policies and how those relate to <i>Castañeda</i> and inhibit progress for bilingual students in Florida. We conclude with caution to academics and advocates who work on behalf of language minoritized students in the United States, with implications for international scholars.</p>","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8728481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39799867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1007/s10993-022-09628-1
Kathy Escamilla, Sheila Shannon, Jorge García
{"title":"Four decades after Castañeda: a critical analysis of Bilingual/Dual Language Education in Colorado.","authors":"Kathy Escamilla, Sheila Shannon, Jorge García","doi":"10.1007/s10993-022-09628-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-022-09628-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Castañeda</i> Standard was handed down in 1981. We use this Standard along with Latino Critical Race Theory (Solorzano & Yosso, 2001) and Ruiz's Language Orientations (1984) to conduct a historical analysis of bilingual education in Colorado from 1976 to 2019 to examine the availability of bilingual/dual language education for Latinx students over four decades. Our historical analysis resulted in dividing Colorado's bilingual history into four time periods (1976-1981; 1981-2000, 2000-2018 and 2019-present). Findings indicated that other than a brief period (1976-1981) the history of bilingual education and all other program types in Colorado has been oriented toward language as a problem and toward systemic racism with regard to language policies and practices. However, the community also developed resistant capital to maintain bilingual education despite formidable odds. This is particularly true for Spanish speaking Mexican origin children and families. Moreover, we demonstrate that while <i>Castañeda</i> had some influence on bilingual education over the past 40 years, it could have had much more if the Standard had been updated over time especially regarding Prongs 1 and 3. We conclude that <i>Castañeda</i> needs to be updated and strengthened especially in states such as Colorado with weak oversight and monitoring of programs for EB students.</p>","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9243849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40564505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-09461-3
Abhimanyu Sharma
{"title":"Reconceptualising Power in Language Policy","authors":"Abhimanyu Sharma","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-09461-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09461-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50986926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language PolicyPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92353-2
{"title":"Neoliberalization of English Language Policy in the Global South","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-92353-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92353-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46781,"journal":{"name":"Language Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50984986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}