Journal of International Relations and Development最新文献

Placing machine learning into the hermeneutic circle: a combined computational-interpretive method for text analysis 将机器学习纳入诠释学范畴：文本分析的计算-诠释结合方法

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00335-4

Scott Robert Patterson, Vincent Pouliot

{"title":"Placing machine learning into the hermeneutic circle: a combined computational-interpretive method for text analysis","authors":"Scott Robert Patterson, Vincent Pouliot","doi":"10.1057/s41268-024-00335-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-024-00335-4","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars are increasingly turning to machine learning text analysis (MLTA) to make sense of world politics, but the question of how computational power and interpretive expertise should work together remains underexplored. This gap stems from a lack of engagement between those who treat text as data to be computed and those who approach it as language to be interpreted. In this article, we bridge this divide by proposing a methodology that cycles between computational analysis and interpretive moments, placing machine learning within the hermeneutic circle. We argue that by iterating between these dual tasks, researchers can harness the strengths of both approaches, reducing the dimensionality of text while preserving its pragmatic structure of meaning. To illustrate our approach, we apply it to the UN General Debate Corpus (UNGDC), demonstrating how machine learning can identify coherent rhetorical intervals that are then interpreted using expert knowledge. Our primary objective is pedagogical, but our application also highlights the potential empirical payoffs of combining MLTA and interpretive analysis in the era of big data.","PeriodicalId":46698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Relations and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Translating global norms on crime to schools: analysing textbook lessons on the trafficking of humans in the United States, Nigeria and Germany 将全球犯罪准则转化为学校准则：分析美国、尼日利亚和德国有关人口贩运的教科书课程

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00334-5

Soeren Meier, Anja P. Jakobi

{"title":"Translating global norms on crime to schools: analysing textbook lessons on the trafficking of humans in the United States, Nigeria and Germany","authors":"Soeren Meier, Anja P. Jakobi","doi":"10.1057/s41268-024-00334-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-024-00334-5","url":null,"abstract":"How are global norms translated to school settings across countries? Schools teach global norms, but how exactly these norms are presented in this setting is rarely analysed. In this article, we compare how human trafficking, a global crime defined at the UN level, is depicted in more than a hundred textbooks for secondary schools in the United States, Nigeria and Germany. Human trafficking is linked to a multitude of different criminal activities, ranging from child trafficking to modern slavery, organ trafficking, and forced prostitution, each with varying implications regarding underlying social problems and possible counter-efforts. What textbooks depict concerning global norms on global crime thus differs substantially across countries, underlining arguments of norm research on translation and hybridity. We show how textbooks translate global normative debates to the school context in a way that shows some commonalities but also significant national variations, for example, regarding where exploitation occurs, what exactly constitutes trafficking, and how it relates to slavery. These findings raise questions on common normative understandings regarding crime and current and future threat perceptions.","PeriodicalId":46698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Relations and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strangers from the middle of nowhere? Manaf Halbouni’s Monument and the politics of proximity 来自偏远地区的陌生人？马纳夫-哈尔布尼的纪念碑与邻近政治

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00332-7

Christine Unrau

{"title":"Strangers from the middle of nowhere? Manaf Halbouni’s Monument and the politics of proximity","authors":"Christine Unrau","doi":"10.1057/s41268-024-00332-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-024-00332-7","url":null,"abstract":"In February 2017, Syrian-German artist Manaf Halbouni set up three upright bus wrecks at a central square of Dresden, thereby recalling a scene from the war-torn city of Aleppo, from which thousands were fleeing. The work of art, entitled Monument, was one of many controversial occasions on which emotions were mobilised in conflicts over migration. This paper deploys the concept of crafting emotional proximity and distance as a way to shift debates on whether emotions should be mobilised in conflicts over migration towards a closer engagement with how this can be done and what the ethical and political implications are. I suggest a methodological framework which combines a focus on the aesthetic, pragmatic and ethical/political aspects. By applying the approach to Monument, I argue that the material presence and physical proximity of the work of art disrupted the carefully crafted categories of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ which characterise the concept of world order held by sections of the local population and catalysed by far-right activists. So whether or not Monument contributed to crafting stronger emotional proximity with refugees, it claimed public space and exposed world views of exclusivity and inequality which may otherwise have remained below the surface.","PeriodicalId":46698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Relations and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When structural factors that cause interethnic violence work in favour of peace: The story of Baljvine, a warless Bosnian-Herzegovinian peace mosaic 当导致种族间暴力的结构性因素有利于和平时：巴尔伊万的故事--一个没有战争的波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那和平马赛克

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00331-8

Faris Kočan, Janja Vuga Beršnak, Rok Zupančič

{"title":"When structural factors that cause interethnic violence work in favour of peace: The story of Baljvine, a warless Bosnian-Herzegovinian peace mosaic","authors":"Faris Kočan, Janja Vuga Beršnak, Rok Zupančič","doi":"10.1057/s41268-024-00331-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-024-00331-8","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyse the dynamics of interethnic relations in Baljvine, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), where local Bosniaks and Serbs did not resort to interethnic violence that otherwise marked most of BiH during the last war. Drawing on structural factors that shed light on the dynamics of relations in post-conflict societies where interethnic violence occurred, the aim is to explain why and how bloodshed was prevented in Baljvine during the last war. To achieve this, we employ a multi-method research approach, combining qualitative observation with participation and interviews with the villagers. The results show that intersubjective motivations and a set of smaller coincidences in Baljvine affected structural factors and resulted in avoidance of interethnic violence. This enabled us to coin the concept of “peace mosaic” to demonstrate how several smaller pieces have to align in a community to allow it to remain peaceful. The key contribution is in advancing the argument that the structural factors that explain interethnic violence can also work in favour of peace.","PeriodicalId":46698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Relations and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forum-shifting from above and below: international stratification and the fragmentation of the nuclear non-proliferation regime complex 自上而下的论坛转移：国际分层与核不扩散机制的支离破碎

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00330-9

Caroline Fehl

{"title":"Forum-shifting from above and below: international stratification and the fragmentation of the nuclear non-proliferation regime complex","authors":"Caroline Fehl","doi":"10.1057/s41268-024-00330-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-024-00330-9","url":null,"abstract":"Since the adoption of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the order founded on the treaty has evolved into an increasingly fragmented regime complex. Fragmentation has resulted from forum-shifting initiated both at the top and at the bottom of the nuclear hierarchy: both the United States, with varying partners, and coalitions of small-and medium-sized non-nuclear states have repeatedly moved rule-making on nuclear issues to fora outside the NPT, adding partly conflicting institutions to the complex. To understand this dynamic, I propose a sociological perspective that highlights states’ positional struggles in a multidimensionally stratified international society. Drawing on Bourdieusian global fields theory, I argue that both dominant and weak states use forum-shifting to manipulate exchange rates between different (material, institutional and social) forms of capital they possess. Thus, they seek to protect their positions in global hierarchies within and beyond the nuclear field when they perceive these hierarchies as being challenged by material or institutional power shifts.","PeriodicalId":46698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Relations and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salient discourses in international society: When and how have United Nations global conferences acted as catalysts? 国际社会的重要论述：联合国全球会议何时以及如何发挥了催化剂的作用？

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00324-7

Catherine Hecht, Jens Steffek

{"title":"Salient discourses in international society: When and how have United Nations global conferences acted as catalysts?","authors":"Catherine Hecht, Jens Steffek","doi":"10.1057/s41268-024-00324-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-024-00324-7","url":null,"abstract":"Salient discourses shape the way actors perceive and engage in global politics. How and to what extent terminology becomes salient in international society, however, is not well understood. This article investigates one potential source of discursive change: global conferences convened by the United Nations (UN). Conceptually, we combine insights from scholarship on discursive shifts with an emphasis on how salient terms become in a given venue and points in time, in order to better understand when and to what extent a discursive shift is sustained. Quantitative analysis of all speeches in the UN General Assembly (UNGA) General Debate between 1970 and 2020 robustly illustrates correspondence between UN global conferences and shifts in the salience of core terms by means of two independent indicators and interrupted time series analysis. We identify three significant discursive shifts following UN global conferences with wide and puzzling variation in their trajectories: sustainable development, social development, and gender (equality). To understand this variation, we qualitatively investigate scope conditions of discursive shifts and salience of these and several related terms. Our findings include that differences in terms’ versatility and formal institutionalisation correspond with their rise and fall in salience after global conferences.","PeriodicalId":46698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Relations and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Archives of border crossing: Crafting emotional proximity and distance on the walls of Athens 过境档案：在雅典城墙上营造情感上的亲近感和距离感

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00328-3

Gemma Bird, Jelena Obradovic-Wochnik

引用次数: 0

Translations of policy templates by international organizations’ country offices: A common strategic framework in the United Arab Emirates 国际组织国家办事处对政策模板的翻译：阿拉伯联合酋长国的共同战略框架

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00329-2

Seila Panizzolo

引用次数: 0

The consolidation dilemma in European order transformation: theorising endogenous pathways to the contestation of liberalism 欧洲秩序转型中的巩固困境：自由主义竞争的内生路径理论化

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00326-5

Kazushige Kobayashi

引用次数: 0

Constructing a sustainable ‘tomorrow’: iconic architecture and progressive neoliberal place-making in Rio de Janeiro’s ‘Little Africa’ 构建可持续发展的 "明天"：里约热内卢 "小非洲 "的标志性建筑和渐进式新自由主义场所建设

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Journal of International Relations and Development Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41268-024-00327-4

Kevin Funk

{"title":"Constructing a sustainable ‘tomorrow’: iconic architecture and progressive neoliberal place-making in Rio de Janeiro’s ‘Little Africa’","authors":"Kevin Funk","doi":"10.1057/s41268-024-00327-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-024-00327-4","url":null,"abstract":"Rio de Janeiro’s long-marginalised, majority Afro-descendant old port area, home to the remains of the Americas’ largest slave disembarkation wharf and Brazil’s first favela, has been subjected to recurring elite-led ‘revitalisation’ projects. A contemporary plan, Porto Maravilha (Marvelous Port), seeks to address the region’s decline through a culture-led, public-private development scheme that refashions this space as a tourist and residential hub. Based on participant-observation, interviews with protagonists, and discursive analysis of official texts, this article analyses the most spectacular addition to Rio’s previously derelict waterfront—the grandiosely titled Museu do Amanhã (Museum of Tomorrow)—to demonstrate how efforts to neoliberalise space, within this postcolonial and settler-colonial urban context and beyond, are increasingly given a progressive twist. Drawing from Leslie Sklair’s pathbreaking analysis of the political economy of architectural ‘iconicity’, I interrogate the socio-spatial dimensions of the Museum as a starchitect-designed and utopian site that promotes sustainability and community empowerment, but simultaneously cultivates a market-friendly ethos. Invoking Nancy Fraser, I argue that the Museum represents an emblematic case of ‘progressive neoliberal place-making.’ Through analysing global city-making processes in Rio’s ‘Little Africa’, this article addresses longstanding lacunae in IPE and IR related to the centrality of race and colonialism in global capitalism.","PeriodicalId":46698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Relations and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0