{"title":"Intraday and Daily Price Discovery in Carbon Markets: EUA Futures Versus Carbon ETFs","authors":"Yoichi Otsubo","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate intraday price discovery between EUA futures and a US-listed carbon ETF (KEUA) using hourly data and a state-space model that separates efficient-price innovations from transitory noise and allows adjustment speeds to differ across trading-hour regimes. Results show that intrinsic-value-relevant innovations are concentrated when the futures market is active: during ETF-only hours, efficient-price innovations are small and the ETF exhibits little contemporaneous adjustment, implying largely transitory quote dynamics. During overlapping hours, both markets incorporate innovations rapidly, with the ETF adjusting at least as quickly as futures on average, while time variation in relative efficiency is linked to cross-market liquidity and policy regimes. Around major within-sample Fit-for-55/EU ETS reform milestones, price discovery shifts relatively toward EUA futures, suggesting that policy-sensitive information is incorporated primarily through the futures market. At the daily frequency, auctions, futures, and the ETF are tightly integrated: shocks transmit bidirectionally, and longer-horizon variation is increasingly associated with ETF-related innovations, consistent with a venue-interactive EU ETS pricing system.</p>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irfi.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erzhuo Liu, Liang Kevin Guo, Qing He, Bailin Liang
{"title":"The Power of Diversity and Inclusion: Impact on Credit Default Swap Spreads","authors":"Erzhuo Liu, Liang Kevin Guo, Qing He, Bailin Liang","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the evolving business landscape, diversity and inclusion (D&I) practices have gained increasing prominence, particularly as societal movements highlight the importance of creating diverse and inclusive workplaces. This study explores how a firm's D&I engagement affects its credit default swap (CDS) spreads, providing new insights into the financial benefits of robust D&I performance. Our empirical analysis shows that firms with higher D&I ratings tend to enjoy lower CDS spreads, a benefit that is particularly significant for highly leveraged firms. We also identify three key mechanisms through which D&I practices help reduce credit risk: enhanced financial health, increased transparency, and reduced agency costs. As such, a firm's commitment to D&I can serve as a strategic tool for enhancing a firm's credit profile, offering a compelling rationale for incorporating D&I initiatives into managerial strategies, regulatory frameworks, and investment choices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Homeless Encampments on Housing Prices","authors":"Jarl G. Kallberg, Yoshiki Shimizu","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A topic of intense and heated discussion in urban America is the impact of homelessness, yet the quantitative evidence is limited. This study examines how proximity to a homeless encampment influences housing prices. Analyzing home sale transaction data in Seattle from 2017 to 2020, our hedonic models reveal that houses within 0.75 miles of an encampment sell for about 2.0% less (equivalent to an average impact of $17,445). Quantile regressions show that this negative effect persists across most market segments and is most pronounced in 2018–2019, when Seattle recorded the highest number of encampment removals. Results remain generally robust after adjusting for spatial autocorrelation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Sustainable Value of Market Discipline: How Short-Selling Enhances Corporate ESG Performance","authors":"Yihui Chen, Xin He, Qilin Ji, Weiran Wang","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the impact of the securities margin trading policy on corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Using a quasi-natural experiment, we demonstrate that the short-selling threat significantly enhances firms' ESG performance. Mechanism analyses provide evidence consistent with three ESG-related corporate responses: ESG report disclosure, strengthened corporate environmental practices, and improved internal corporate governance arrangements. Cross-sectional tests indicate that the effect is more pronounced among firms with higher executive compensation, greater external supervision, larger staff size, lower customer concentration, and no history of equity pledging. Further analysis suggests that the observed improvement in ESG performance is primarily driven by ex-ante deterrence effects rather than actual short-selling transactions, with consistent enhancements across all ESG sub-dimensions. Importantly, we find no empirical support for the greenwashing hypothesis; instead, the short-selling threat fosters substantive ESG advancements that positively contribute to firm value. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of market discipline in promoting sustainable business practices, highlighting short-selling mechanisms as an effective complement to traditional ESG governance frameworks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Institutional Investor Climate Change Concern and Corporate Green Governance: Evidence From China","authors":"Sishi Yue, Mo Yang, Keke Wu, Dayong Dong","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identifies climate change concern as a distinct governance channel through which institutional investors promote corporate green governance. ESG performance and green innovation are important mechanisms underlying this relationship. The effect is stronger following the implementation of the Green Investment Guidelines, in environmentally sensitive industries, and among firms with higher institutional ownership. The findings remain robust to a series of endogeneity and robust tests, highlighting the important role of climate-conscious institutional investors in advancing corporate sustainability and green transformation in emerging markets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beta Estimation Under Infrequent Trading: A Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Alejandro Maldonado Mendoza, Olena Onishchenko","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When shares are traded infrequently, beta estimates are often severely biased. We find that machine learning methods significantly improve forecasts of the conventional beta proxy in this infrequently traded market. They generate superior beta forecasts, statistically and economically outperforming the traditional model used by practitioners. Among machine learning models, neural network estimation performs best, improving precision by up to 43% over the practitioner counterpart. Market-neutral momentum and turnover strategies using machine-learning betas outperform traditional betas. Machine-learning beta estimation also provides more accurate beta forecasts during economic crises when predicting beta is particularly difficult. These findings offer practitioners and regulators more accurate forecasts of the conventional beta proxy, a key input to pricing systematic risk and estimating the cost of equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irfi.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FinTech and Bank Efficiency in China: Evidence From a Dynamic Network Perspective","authors":"Lifang Li, Mengqi Ouyang, Fangming Xu","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines whether and through which channels financial technology (FinTech) development improves the efficiency of commercial banks. We adopt a meso-level perspective by measuring external FinTech exposure with two complementary indicators: industry-level innovation intensity (FinTech-related Bank Technology Development Awards) and region-level digital development (municipality digitalization index). Bank efficiency is estimated using a dynamic network slacks-based measure DEA (SBM-DNDEA) framework that opens the banking “black box” by modeling deposit-generation and profit-creation stages jointly over time. Using panel data on Chinese commercial banks from 2011 to 2021, we find that FinTech development significantly increases overall efficiency and improves performance in both stages. Instrumental-variable and system-GMM estimates for DFI provide additional evidence that the regional FinTech results are robust to endogeneity concerns. Mechanism tests show that FinTech raises efficiency through stronger risk-bearing capacity and better management-level cost control. Further analysis indicates that the effects are concentrated in small and medium-sized banks and non-state-owned banks. Overall, our findings showcase that FinTech-driven technological spillovers are an important source of bank efficiency gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irfi.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetric Transmission, NIM Pressure, and SMB Lending: State-Dependent Weakening of the Credit Channel","authors":"Yong-Zheng Qi, Xiancang Fang, Mo Chen, Yongfan Ma","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditional monetary policy transmission theory posits that policy easing enhances credit availability. However, we document a reversal-like attenuation of this channel under net interest margin (NIM) pressure. Using data from 183 small and medium-sized banks (SMBs) in China from 2009 to 2024, we employ high-frequency identification and local projection to conduct empirical tests. We find that lending rates fall significantly faster than deposit rates following monetary easing, leading to a sharp rapid compression of NIMs. State-dependent local projection results indicate that high-NIM banks respond sluggishly to monetary policy and exhibit limited credit growth. By characterizing NIM as an intrinsic equilibrium outcome of cost rigidity and the competitive environment, we employ multiple methods to deconstruct these dual dimensions. The results are consistent with supply-side constraints: cost rigidity emerges as the dominant factor limiting credit expansion, while the competitive environment acts as an amplifier. This paper documents the underlying conditions under which conventional monetary transmission becomes attenuated and state-dependent, offering important implications for economies with similar financial systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert J. Shiller, Rafal M. Wojakowski, M. Shahid Ebrahim, Mark B. Shackleton
{"title":"Automatic Workout Mortgage and Housing Consumption Choice","authors":"Robert J. Shiller, Rafal M. Wojakowski, M. Shahid Ebrahim, Mark B. Shackleton","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper further develops the Automatic Workout Mortgage (AWM) which embeds an insurance put option to reduce negative equity, systemic risk and promote economic recovery. We introduce a mathematical model showing that AWM raises household utility and increases housing demand. Without AWM, households stabilize at about 40% equity when considering reverse mortgages; with AWM, demand peaks at 80%. The insurance feature lowers precautionary saving, making housing more attractive to risk-averse borrowers. AWM boosts expected utility by roughly 33% of optimal housing consumption without AWM and protects home equity, improving future housing affordability and retirement-phase resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irfi.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148462983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lixing Deng, Shaojie Lai, Qing Sophie Wang, Laifeng Yang
{"title":"Public Data Availability and Corporate ESG Performance: Evidence From Online Data-Sharing Platforms in China","authors":"Lixing Deng, Shaojie Lai, Qing Sophie Wang, Laifeng Yang","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines whether public data availability improves corporate ESG performance. Exploiting the rollout of China's data-sharing platforms as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that platform adoption significantly enhances firms' ESG outcomes. Treated firms exhibit lower toxic emissions, higher labor income shares and charitable giving, and lower overhead costs and excessive managerial perks. Mechanism analyses show that these effects arise through improved firm performance, reduced information asymmetry, greater ESG-oriented institutional ownership, and stronger public attention, with public scrutiny playing the most important role. Heterogeneity tests suggest that public data-sharing platforms function primarily as opacity-reducing, information-forcing interventions: effects are stronger among firms with poorer information quality, tighter financial constraints, and private ownership, and in cities with higher-quality platform data. Public data availability also amplifies the performance penalties associated with negative ESG events, indicating that it makes ESG-related information more salient and economically consequential.</p>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irfi.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}