Venture CapitalPub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2020.1747692
R. Aernoudt, Amparo De San José
{"title":"A gender financing gap: fake news or evidence?","authors":"R. Aernoudt, Amparo De San José","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2020.1747692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2020.1747692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Women-led businesses are less likely to raise venture capital than male-only businesses and the amounts that they raise are lower. Yet women-led businesses deliver better revenue performance and return on investment. So why are venture capitalists reluctant to invest in women-led businesses? One reason is that women entrepreneurs are over concentrated in sectors that are less attractive to investors and have a low presence in technology sectors. Another reason is the lower propensity of women entrepreneurs to seek venture capital. However, women who do approach venture capital funds are almost as likely as men to be successful in raising finance. Moreover, women-led businesses perform well in raising follow-on finance. And women business angels – a minority of all business angels – have a clear propensity to invest in women founders.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"191 1","pages":"127 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75828465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2018.1457605
A. Chevalier, Aurélie Sannajust
{"title":"Going private transactions performance in emerging economies: a comparative study in Latin America and Asia","authors":"A. Chevalier, Aurélie Sannajust","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2018.1457605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2018.1457605","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We extend our worldwide research on private equity by studying the drivers of going private operating performance in emerging countries (Asia and Latin America). We select a large set of candidate drivers (financial, governance, macroeconomics, microeconomics, institutional variables) and we analyze their effects on performance over the short and long terms. To conduct our study, we use Capital IQ, Thomson One Banker, World Bank as databases. We contribute to the current literature by doing an investigation of the impact of macroeconomics factors and institutional drivers (political stability, rule of law and regulatory quality) on the buyout performance. Positive and significance results are obtained. We use a sample of 248 going private transactions, which occurred between 2000 and 2011. Our results show that GDP growth and political stability are important drivers that significantly contribute to generate performance in going private.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"190 ","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13691066.2018.1457605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72435241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2019-05-29DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2018.1468542
Miwako Nitani, A. Riding, Beichuan He
{"title":"On equity crowdfunding: investor rationality and success factors","authors":"Miwako Nitani, A. Riding, Beichuan He","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2018.1468542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2018.1468542","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on observations from four European equity crowdfunding platforms, this study assesses crowdinvestors’ ability to interpret signals associated with firm and owner attributes, financial statements, and social networking activity when selecting investment opportunities. It was found that crowdinvestors attempt to reduce risk by choosing larger firms managed by experienced and educated managements who maintain a relatively large equity stake post-offering, while maximizing returns by picking projects with better growth opportunities (for example, young firms with higher expected margins and reasonably high sales growth forecasts). These results suggest that participants in the crowdfunding market are rational, interpreting signals derived from firm attributes and financial statements in appropriate ways to minimize risk and maximize returns. The firm’s and entrepreneur’s social networks also has a strong influence on investment decisions, so much so that the inclusion of this variable weakens the impacts of firm size, expected sales growth and margin on campaign success. This suggests the possibility that social media provide investors with an opportunity to validate otherwise less credible information.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"87 1","pages":"243 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81284398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2019.1599191
S. Franić, Mateja Drnovšek
{"title":"The role of regulatory focus and cognitive style in business angels’ evaluation of an investment opportunity","authors":"S. Franić, Mateja Drnovšek","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2019.1599191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2019.1599191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates how two cognitive mechanisms of business angels – regulatory focus and cognitive style – contribute to the process of evaluating an investment opportunity. Analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data collected from an international sample of business angels, indicates that both promotion and prevention regulatory foci are directly associated with the greater likelihood of a business angel positively evaluating an opportunity, and that planning cognitive style moderates these relationships. This research contributes to the existing literature on the phases of business angels’ investment process. The findings are also important for understanding the cognitive underpinnings of an early evaluation of an investment opportunity. Prior research has suggested that a business angel’s early evaluation of an investment opportunity critically influences success in raising equity financing, which is of critical importance for start-up firms in overcoming the liability of newness in their early stages of development.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"25 1 1","pages":"353 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2019.1569853
Simon Kleinert, Christine Volkmann
{"title":"Equity crowdfunding and the role of investor discussion boards","authors":"Simon Kleinert, Christine Volkmann","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2019.1569853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2019.1569853","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Start-ups are increasingly using equity crowdfunding to raise necessary funding at an early stage. In this rather new form of financing, potential investors communicate with each other and the entrepreneurs typically through the discussion boards of mediating online platforms. Using a mixed-methods approach, this explorative study analyses the role of investor-initiated discussions in equity crowdfunding. First, we develop a framework and categorize 574 interactions between potential investors and entrepreneurs posted on the project-related discussion boards of the Crowdcube equity crowdfunding platform. The framework is built on deductive criteria from the context of business angels and inductive criteria that are unique to the equity crowdfunding context. Five discussion topics stand out in relevance: valuation, financial snapshot, likely returns, shareholder rights, and market risk. Exploring the qualitative data reveals that investors are concerned about high information asymmetries and agency risks. Second, we use panel data of 2,258 funding days to analyse whether discussions signal endorsement and increase funding success. The econometric results show that discussions generally propel investments. However, discussions on topics like market risk and shareholder rights harm funding success. The study highlights the complementarity of discussion boards as an information source for investors, providing a more nuanced picture of the investor perspective in equity crowdfunding and proposing avenues for future research.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"40 1","pages":"327 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86864288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2019.1562627
R. Harrison, C. Mason
{"title":"Venture Capital 20 years on: reflections on the evolution of a field","authors":"R. Harrison, C. Mason","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2019.1562627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2019.1562627","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reviews the circumstances surrounding the launch of Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance in 1999. It highlights a number of significant changes in the structure of the entrepreneurial finance market over the past 20 years, notably the decline of “classic” venture capital, the effective closure of the small-cap IPO market, the scale-up problem and the emergence of a second equity gap, the geographical dispersion of venture capital and the institutionalisation of the business angel market. A number of new players in the market – coinvestment schemes, equity crowdfunding platforms and blockchain technology-based Initial Coin Offerings – are discussed and the challenges and opportunities they pose for investors, entrepreneurs, policy makers, regulators and academic researchers are assessed. Against this background, a number of key features of the evolution of the content and focus of the Journal are discussed. The paper finishes with a summary of the papers included in this Special Issue.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"50 1","pages":"1 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83183723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2019.1560884
O. Lehner, Theresia Harrer
{"title":"Crowdfunding revisited: a neo-institutional field-perspective","authors":"O. Lehner, Theresia Harrer","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2019.1560884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2019.1560884","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Crowdfunding, which relies on the aggregated financial power of the many non-institutionalised individuals, who pledge small amounts is seen in the literature as a particularly well-suited form of entrepreneurial finance. A reason for this may be that the investment decisions are more based on the value propositions of a venture than on purely financial factors. Yet, the communication and translation of the value propositions of a venture into various cultural and regulatory contexts requires specialised services and joint efforts. These services are enabled by so-called Crowdfunding Platforms (CFPs) which provide the necessary tools and services. However, they also influence and potentially limit the field through their actions. Applying an institutional field-perspective in order to gain more holistic insights on the interplay between structure and agents, we revise the originally proposed model developed in our 2013 article in Venture Capital based on an extensive update of the literature and provide new insights from additional empirical cases to triangulate the recent scholarly contributions. We finally enhance theory on crowdfunding on an institutional field-level with a better conceptualization of the interconnectedness between actors and their activities, as well as their positions and links within the structure and crowdfunding platforms as powerful central actors.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"50 1","pages":"75 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72995643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2018.1518665
M. Wright, S. Pruthi, Kevin Amess, Yan Alperovych
{"title":"Private equity: where we have been and the road ahead","authors":"M. Wright, S. Pruthi, Kevin Amess, Yan Alperovych","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2018.1518665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2018.1518665","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We provide an overview of the systematic evidence relating to the impact of private equity (PE) backed buyouts over the last two decades. We focus on performance; employment and employee relations; innovation, investment and entrepreneurship; longevity and survival. We also explore a future research agenda in the context of a maturing PE industry.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"54 1","pages":"51 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85928732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2018.1559010
Armin Schwienbacher
{"title":"Equity crowdfunding: anything to celebrate?","authors":"Armin Schwienbacher","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2018.1559010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2018.1559010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of equity crowdfunding over the last 10 years has been accompanied by many successes and achievements, but also failures. At the same time, it still faces many challenges if it wants to become mainstream in entrepreneurial finance. These challenges are particularly severe in Continental Europe. This article reviews achievements made the last 10 years and discusses important challenges that remain to be solved such as delivering appropriate risk-adjusted returns to investors, enhancing platforms’ own profitability and enabling exit of investors from startups.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"1 1","pages":"65 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88945239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venture CapitalPub Date : 2018-10-23DOI: 10.1080/13691066.2018.1526449
A. Tata, A. Niedworok
{"title":"Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? An empirical study of how entrepreneurs, managers, and investors evaluate business opportunities at the earliest stages","authors":"A. Tata, A. Niedworok","doi":"10.1080/13691066.2018.1526449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2018.1526449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Existing research suggests that individuals occupying different professional roles, have different human capital and hence vary in their “opportunity templates”, and may thus deviate in their evaluations of a given business opportunity. This paper advances our understanding on how evaluators vary in their assessments of business opportunities in two very early phases by conducting a comparative analysis of three stakeholder groups that are crucial to new ventures: entrepreneurs, managers, and investors. We analyze a unique dataset of 693 business ideas and 379 business-plan proposals submitted to a nationwide startup competition held in Switzerland. Our linguistic analysis reveals heterogeneity in opportunity evaluations between groups with different types of professional roles. However, this divergence in individuals’ evaluations does not emerge at the earlier business-idea phase, but only at the later business-plan stage. The study provides empirical evidence that individuals’ professional role makes them more sensitive to certain aspects of a given business-plan proposal.","PeriodicalId":46643,"journal":{"name":"Venture Capital","volume":"1 1","pages":"104 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76617489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}