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Researcher liability for negligence in human subject research: informed consent and researcher malpractice actions. 研究人员在人体受试者研究中的过失责任:知情同意与研究人员渎职行为。
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 2003-02-01
Roger L Jansson
{"title":"Researcher liability for negligence in human subject research: informed consent and researcher malpractice actions.","authors":"Roger L Jansson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two sets of federal regulations, the \"Common Rule\" and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, govern human subject research that is either federally-funded or involves FDA regulated products. These regulations require, inter alia, that: (1) researchers obtain informed consent from human subjects, and (2) that an Institutional Review Board (IRB) independently review and approve the research protocol. Although the federal regulations do not provide an express cause of action against researchers, research subjects should be able to bring informed consent and malpractice actions against researchers by establishing a duty of care and standard of care. Researchers owe human subjects a duty of care analogous to the special relationship between physicians and patients. The federal regulations should provide the minimum standard of care for informed consent in human subject research, and complying with them should be a partial defense. In contrast, expert testimony should establish the standard of care for researcher malpractice, and IRB approval should be a partial defense.</p>","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"78 1","pages":"229-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24975272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The socio-legal acceptance of new technologies: a close look at artificial insemination. 社会法律对新技术的接受:人工授精的近观。
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Gaia Bernstein
{"title":"The socio-legal acceptance of new technologies: a close look at artificial insemination.","authors":"Gaia Bernstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heated debates often surround the introduction of an important new technology into society, as exemplified by current controversies surrounding human cloning and privacy protection on the Internet. Underlying these controversies are disruptions to central socio-legal values caused by these new technologies. Whether new technologies will eventually be accepted by society is often contingent on the reaction of the legal system. This mandates the formulation of a conceptual framework for understanding and structuring the way the law should react in cases surrounding the adoption of new technologies. By using the case study of artificial insemination this Article develops the tools for structuring the legal role in the acceptance process of new technologies. The three-century controversy surrounding the innovation of artificial insemination results from the innovations' disruption of the socio-legal value of the family. Artificial Insemination--although invented in the eighteenth-century--was rarely used until the 1930s, and only legalized in the 1960s. Its application to surrogacy and its use by unmarried women extends the controversy into the twenty-first century. The case study demonstrates the nature of the relationship among the technological, social and legal acceptance processes of new technologies, and analyzes the legal acceptance debate. The conceptual framework produced is useful in understanding and structuring the legal role in current debates surrounding the introduction and acceptance of new technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"77 4","pages":"1035-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24578524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Apology and Consilience 论道歉与和解
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 2002-07-24 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.320110
E. O'Connor, Douglas H. Yarn
{"title":"On Apology and Consilience","authors":"E. O'Connor, Douglas H. Yarn","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.320110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.320110","url":null,"abstract":"This article chimes in on the current debate about the proper relationship between apology and the law. Several states are considering legislation designed to shield apologies from the courtroom, and mediators are increasing their focus on the importance of apologies. The article develops an evolutionary economic analysis of apology that combines the tools of economics, game theory and biology to more fully understand its role in dispute resolution. When the analysis is applied to the uses of apology before and at trial, a more sophisticated understanding of the relationship between apology and the law emerges.","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"77 1","pages":"1121-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2002-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2139/SSRN.320110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68573470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 44
The Asymmetry of State Sovereign Immunity 国家主权豁免的不对称
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 2001-06-14 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.271791
R. Seamon
{"title":"The Asymmetry of State Sovereign Immunity","authors":"R. Seamon","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.271791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.271791","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses whether a State has sovereign immunity from claims for just compensation. The article concludes that the States are indeed immune from just-compensation suits brought against them in federal court; States are not necessarily immune, however, from just-compensation suits brought against them in their own courts of general jurisdiction. Thus, the States' immunity in federal court is not symmetrical to the States' immunity in their own courts. This asymmetry, the article explains, is the result of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Due Process Clause obligates a State to provide just compensation every time the State takes private property for public use. A State may be able to meet that obligation through a non-judicial compensation scheme. If a State fails to establish an adequate non-judicial scheme for providing just compensation, the State's remedial obligation falls upon the State's courts. A State's courts thereby play an important role in enabling the State to meet its due process obligations. Unlike a State's own courts, the federal courts cannot enable a State to meet the State's due process obligations. Thus, the existence of a federal-court remedy does not excuse the State's failure to provide its own remedies. By the same token, the absence of a federal-court remedy for a State's failure to pay constitutionally required just compensation does not imply the absence of a remedy in the State's own courts. For this reason, the Supreme Court case law indicating that States are immune from just-compensation suits brought in federal court does not support recognizing a similar immunity in a State's own courts.","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"1067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2001-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68271539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex discrimination and insurance for contraception. 性别歧视与避孕保险。
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 1998-04-01
S A Law
{"title":"Sex discrimination and insurance for contraception.","authors":"S A Law","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unintended pregnancy is a serious problem in the United States. Most private insurance plans do not pay for contraception even though they pay for other prescription drugs and devices. This Article argues that this pattern constitutes sex discrimination and is prohibited by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. It discusses the reasons this issue has been neglected and suggests ways federal and state officials might remedy this common form of gender discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"73 2","pages":"363-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22141982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asymptomatic HIV as a disability under the Americans with Disability Act. 根据《美国残疾人法案》将无症状艾滋病毒视为残疾。
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 1998-04-01
E C Chambers
{"title":"Asymptomatic HIV as a disability under the Americans with Disability Act.","authors":"E C Chambers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Americans with Disability Act (ADA) does not state whether it prohibits discrimination against individuals who are infected with HIV but asymptomatic. Some courts have held that the language of the ADA is unambiguous and does not cover asymptomatic HIV as a disability because the virus is not an \"impairment\" that substantially limits a \"major life activity.\" Other courts have looked behind the statutory language and found that Congress intended to protect asymptomatic individuals with HIV because the virus impairs one's ability to procreate and/or engage in sexual relations. This Comment argues that asymptomatic individuals with HIV are indeed protected under the ADA, but that the analytic framework thus far employed by the courts is flawed. Asymptomatic HIV is a protected disability not because it is independently debilitating, but because the prejudices and fears of other may prevent HIV-infected persons from fully participating in society. The ADA was enacted to prevent exactly this type of discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"73 2","pages":"403-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22141983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bradwell v. State: Some Reflections Prompted by Myra Bradwell's Hard Case That Made "Bad Law" 布拉德韦尔诉州案:由迈拉·布拉德韦尔的“坏法律”引发的一些思考
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315053592-9
Charles E. Corker
{"title":"Bradwell v. State: Some Reflections Prompted by Myra Bradwell's Hard Case That Made \"Bad Law\"","authors":"Charles E. Corker","doi":"10.4324/9781315053592-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315053592-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70625330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Report of the Legislative Committee 立法委员会报告
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 1955-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.1978.10846650
C. Orndorff
{"title":"Report of the Legislative Committee","authors":"C. Orndorff","doi":"10.1080/07377363.1978.10846650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.1978.10846650","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1955-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07377363.1978.10846650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60053650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Report of Board of Governors 理事会报告
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 1955-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1972.tb02646.x
Alfred J. Schweppe
{"title":"Report of Board of Governors","authors":"Alfred J. Schweppe","doi":"10.1111/j.2164-0947.1972.tb02646.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2164-0947.1972.tb02646.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1955-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2164-0947.1972.tb02646.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63696253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Report of Legislative Committee 立法委员会报告
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Washington Law Review Pub Date : 1951-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.1978.10846626
Thomas L. O'Leary
{"title":"Report of Legislative Committee","authors":"Thomas L. O'Leary","doi":"10.1080/07377363.1978.10846626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.1978.10846626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46514,"journal":{"name":"Washington Law Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1951-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07377363.1978.10846626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60053375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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