Contemporary Social Science最新文献

{"title":"Considering the Autistic advantage in qualitative research: the strengths of Autistic researchers","authors":"A. Grant, H. Kara","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1998589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1998589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Autism is often viewed as an impairment, preventing Autistic individuals from achieving success in the world. We argue that, Autism can be an enhancement, particularly in some professional contexts, including qualitative research. However, Autistic people experience higher rates of unemployment and underemployment (lower skills/part-time). The social model of neurodiversity highlights the role of inaccessible workplaces and practices. Alongside this, the concept of the ‘Autistic Advantage', a strengths-based model, emphasises the ways in which Autistic people are assets to the social structures in which they exist. Two late diagnosed Autistic women, acknowledged as qualitative research experts, review the literature on Disability, neurodiversity and research; outline their own professional strengths; discuss their professional strengths in the light of the literature; and make recommendations for Autistic researchers and their neurotypical colleagues. Autistic qualities and preferences can be strengths in qualitative research teams. This includes long periods of concentration (hyperfocus), leading to ‘flow’ and creative thinking, attention to detail, and detailed knowledge of topic areas that are of interest to the individual. We conclude that qualitative research teams can benefit from working inclusively with Autistic researchers. We present guidance to facilitate inclusive working, without which Autistic researchers may be Disabled by their work environment","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"589 - 603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48616858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical efficiency and socioeconomic effects on poverty dynamics among cassava-based farming households in rural Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Obayelu, A. Obayelu, Ifeoluwase Tunrayo Awoku","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1981425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1981425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite a large scale government investment to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers, rural poverty remains widespread in Nigeria. However, technical efficiency effects on the transitory poverty have not received much attention in the poverty literature in Nigeria due to lack of nationally representative panel data that can track the poverty status of households over time. Using a two-wave panel data between 2010 and 2015, technical efficiency and socioeconomic effects on poverty dynamics of cassava-based rural farming households in Nigeria was investigated. Results showed that 14.9% of the cassava farming households moved into poverty while 31.6% exited poverty. In the long run, the probability that rural cassava-based farmers would be non-poor (74%) was higher than those remaining in poverty. Two out of five (42.2%) cassava-based farmers who were always poor exited technical inefficiency. A large number of farmers were actively involved in mono-cropping and mixed cropping but 29.7%, 26.0% and 16.6% of those involved in mono-cropping were always poor, entered and exited poverty, respectively. Tertiary education, marital status, access to extension, farm size, membership of association, farming systems and technical efficiency were factors influencing poverty transitions in rural Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"99 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47398518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on the informal sector in India","authors":"B. Gururaja, N. Ranjitha","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1975809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1975809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Coronavirus pandemic has affected various sectors in the world including India. The sector which has been badly affected by the pandemic is the informal sector. The present study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal sector in the world, including in India. An exploratory methodology is used in the study which is comprised of policy documents, research papers, international reports, and available literature in the related area. The study finds that the pandemic has severely affected poverty, hunger, deprivation, unemployment, economic and social inequality in the informal sector in India. As a result, it increases socio-economic problems in India. The study recommends bringing policies and protection measures for the informal sector to overcome such unprecedented events in the future. The study also suggests a need for further studies on the impact of COVID-19 on the informal sector in the emerging and developing countries of the World for broader generalisation. Otherwise, which will adversely affect the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"173 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45397359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chile’s perfect storm: social upheaval, COVID-19 and the constitutional referendum","authors":"Mauricio Morales Quiroga","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1973677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1973677","url":null,"abstract":"Why did one of Latin America’s most stable democracies experience a social upheaval that forced the political class to organise a referendum to rewrite the current constitution? To what degree did the COVID-19 pandemic influence the development of the constitutional referendum of October 2020? What institutional paths will open for Chile when the new constitution comes into force? In this article, it is suggested, first, that Chile successfully reduced poverty levels but inequality was reduced more slowly, which contributed to generating discontent with democracy. Second, that Chile has had a long-term crisis of representation, with a rigid party system which partially changed in 2017 due to the implementation of a new electoral system. Third, that in the 2020 constitutional referendum the lower-income sectors – whose COVID 19 infection rates were higher than the rest of the population – surprisingly turned out to vote in greater numbers than in previous elections. Fourth, that Chile is beginning a constitutional process blighted by uncertainty, polarisation and political instability, which will culminate only with the referendum in mid-2022 to approve or reject the new constitution. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 9 February 2021 Accepted 23 August 2021","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42223987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In search of role models of successful academic retirement","authors":"G. Crow","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1983204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1983204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Academics retire with varying degrees of enthusiasm or reluctance, as is apparent in a variety of data sources. Autobiographies and biographies of academics report diverse trajectories, from treating retirement as a fresh start to continuing or even intensified scholarly endeavour. Fractional contracts and flexible retirement ages in most United Kingdom universities have expanded the range of possibilities available to the latest generation of retirees. Survey and interview data collected recently from later-career and retired UK-based academics reveal broad support for continuing connections with academia, unpaid and paid, although universities’ facilitation of this was found to vary. The features characterising ideal retirement, notably continued intellectual stimulation and escape from entanglement in bureaucratic processes in a revised work-life balance that offers more space for families, friends, hobbies and volunteering were easier to identify than named examples of successful role models. Making a clean break from an academic role is rare, while uncertainty about the meaning of retirement is common.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"604 - 617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45610742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activism, justice and the centrality of care: Brazilian’s ‘mother’s against police violence’ movements","authors":"Débora Françolin Quintela, Flávia Biroli","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1978533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1978533","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article investigates the Brazilian social movement of mothers whose children were killed by State’s security agents between 2003 and 2017. Its purpose is to understand how these women define their claims for justice, as they struggle to see those responsible for the assassination of their children properly judged. Our hypothesis is that their activism politicizes motherhood and makes it a public matter. To investigate that, we conducted in-depth interviews with twelve activists on the mothers’ movements against police violence. The interviews were conducted between June and August of 2017, in two metropolitan areas in the Southeast of Brazil, the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Santos (SP). They confirmed the politicization of motherhood, redefining care as resistance and a matter of justice.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"276 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41358040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-border identity as a daily resistance tactic in a time of global health emergency: Gorizia-Nova Gorica go borderless","authors":"Giorgio Porcelli","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1968479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1968479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ulrich Beck represented risk society as the overcoming of the nation states as the container of the respective civil societies. The social contract which was at the base of the construction of what Anderson defined the imagined communities, sanctioned the renunciation by the populations of part of their prerogatives of freedom in favour of the security guaranteed by the sovereign power. The present global health emergency seems to have proposed the same social pact: more security and less freedom especially of movement of people segregated within the apparently resurging nation states by new borders and walls. The remaining residue of globalisation is its economic-financial globalism. Yet ethnographic analysis along border areas reveals a consolidated cross-border identity experienced in people's everyday life as a tactic of resistance against the erection of new self-containment barriers. This contribution aims to analyse the salient aspects of this phenomenon in the city of Gorizia, which for decades has constituted an integrated metropolitan area of the Italian and Slovenian zones, defining a specific cross-border identity shared by both Italian and Slovenian citizens. This identity has not given way in front of the walls that have been restored in recent months in order to contain the contagion and therefore could represents what de Certeau defined as a tactic of resistance that in the present case bears witness to the invention of an increasingly cosmopolitan daily life.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"38 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47700510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative perspectives on educational inequalities in Europe: an overview of the old and emergent inequalities from a bottom-up perspective","authors":"Lyudmila Nurse, E. Melhuish","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1948095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1948095","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Educational inequalities remain a major challenge to the social cohesion of modern societies. They affect the younger generations in the society throughout their development and are also becoming more varied and entrenched. Although most inequalities are linked to socio-economic factors such as income, access to material resources, educational attainment, and social class, new emergent types of inequalities are developing rapidly: spatial segregation, residence status (native-born or immigrant) (Barnes, J. (2007). Down our way: The relevance of neighbourhoods for parenting and child development. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 9780470030721; Lareau, A. (2014). Schools, housing and the reproduction of inequality. In A. Lareau & K. A. Goyette (Eds.), Choosing homes, choosing schools (pp. 169–206). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Lareau, A. (2015). Cultural knowledge and social inequality. American Sociological Review 2015, 80(1), 1–27. doi:10.117/0003122414565814); and the digital divide (Bynner, J., & Heinz, W. R. (2021). Youth prospects in the digital society: Identities and inequalities in an unravelling Europe. Bristol: Policy Press; Melhuish, E. (2019). House of commons education committee (2019). Tackling disadvantage in the early years. London: HMSO. Tackling disadvantage in the early years (parliament.uk)). The use of in-depth evidence about the nature and variations in experiences of inequalities by individuals, families, communities within and across European countries is an effective way to provide up-to-date insights into evolving inequalities and the social problems that arise. This paper shifts the focus of the debate about the changing nature of inequalities in modern societies by drawing upon qualitative and mixed methods advances in studying socially disadvantaged groups. Their chances to integrate into society through the educational channels are not likely to be fully achieved without significant change in the current social environment and re-organisation of education systems. The paper draws its conclusions based on recent research and analytical reports with a focus on Europe.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"417 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48776902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specifics knowledge links between COVID-19 and urban food systems in Nigeria","authors":"O. T. Aduloju, A. Bako, A. O. Anofi","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1955957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1955957","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant adverse impacts, in all ramifications, to the Nigerian society, especially in worsening the hunger situation resulting from the distortion of the urban food system. It has inhibited food choices and access for urban residents due to restrictions imposed on movement and human interactions. In Nigeria, the majority is in the informal economy who depend on the daily income for everyday needs, including food. This study, therefore, establishes specific knowledge links between COVID-19 and the urban food system. Also, it reviewed the impacts of adopted safety protocols and government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic on the Nigerian urban food supply system vis-a-vis state and non-state interventions to provide palliatives for the urban poor and vulnerable groups. The paper concluded that Nigeria has not adequately built a resilient strategy for eventualities, such as the COVID-19 emergency. Also, all measures instituted at different levels of government towards strengthening the urban food system during the pandemic were grossly inadequate as they could barely serve a fraction of the urban vulnerable. Therefore, the paper suggests a holistic policy review towards promoting resilience in the urban food system to withstand future emergencies.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"157 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1955957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44912145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of the domains of the inequality trajectory in Zimbabwe","authors":"T. Nhapi","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1955956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1955956","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pervasive natural climatic shocks and poverty combine to reinforce inequalities in Zimbabwe. Despite commitments to poverty eradication and socio-economic transformation through Sustainable Development Goals and the incoming Government of Zimbabwe’s socio-economic blueprint National Development Strategy 2021–2025, robust poverty mitigation gaps still exist. The aim of the article is to explore the domains of inequality in Zimbabwe. The article is secondary literature-based and relies on various applied action research studies, journal articles, evaluations commissioned by different Zimbabwean state and non-state actors. The article concludes by identifying pathways by which more robust pro-poor interventions can achieve desired outcomes of galvanising the social functioning of the Zimbabwean vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"84 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1955956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46991976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}