Critical Studies on Terrorism最新文献

{"title":"Terrorism and politically motivated violence in the recent history of the Basque Country. Descriptive study of what teachers in training know","authors":"Leire Albás, Naiara Vicent, Iratxe Gillate, Alex Ibañez-Etxeberria","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2266162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2266162","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since ETA declared that it would no longer carry out acts of violence, the Basque Country has been involved in a peace process. As part of this process, the Basque government has promoted – through its Adi-adian Educational Module – the experience of listening to victims’ testimonies in order to inform young persons about an important chapter of our recent history. Reflecting an awareness of the importance of addressing socially relevant topics, the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) began to implement the Adi-adian model in a number of its bachelor’s and master’s degrees in teacher training. With a view towards improving the implementation of Adi-adian, a statistical-descriptive study was carried out with a quantitative methodological approach. Using a 25-item questionnaire, the purpose was to measure knowledge of recent historical events, determine the sources of information concerning those events, and gauge the satisfaction of participants as regards the information that they have received about the violent episodes of their recent history. The statistical analysis of the data obtained in this study was conducted using the SPSS Statistics 27 software. Generally speaking, the participating students were found to possess an average to low knowledge of the events that took place during the recent history of the Basque Country. As for the sources of information cited, the family, the media and the school are the most frequently mentioned, while respondents express a generalised dissatisfaction with the information received in this regard.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135900541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations and inconsistencies of using the four waves of modern terrorism to understand Latin America","authors":"Tamir Bar-On, Miguel Paradela-López","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2269012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2269012","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTRapoport’s theory of waves of terrorism has been considered a milestone when studying terrorist movements worldwide. This theory states that terrorism develops due to temporal, ideological and technological trends, which stimulate or diminish expressions of terrorism. More concretely, Rapoport argues that since the 19th century, global events have generated four waves of terrorism: anarchist, anticolonial, New Left, and religious. Using the Latin American experience of terrorist movements, this article explores inconsistencies and two main limitations in Rapoport’s theory. Firstly, it shows how Latin America’s historical and political particularities led to the weakness or absence of the anarchist and religious waves. Secondly, this article evidences that Rapoport ignored state terrorism and narcoterrorism, both extremely relevant to understanding terrorism in the region. Consequently, this study concludes that, despite it constituting a powerful theory for understanding terrorism from a global perspective, it requires a more nuanced regional approach and attention to more exhaustive expressions of the terrorist phenomenon.KEYWORDS: Waves of terrorismLatin Americastate terrorismnarcoterrorism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. In fact, according to Longmire and Longmire paramilitary groups financed 70% of their operational costs with drug-trafficking earnings (2008, 47).Additional informationNotes on contributorsTamir Bar-OnTamir Bar-On is Assistant Professor in Defense and Security at Rabdan Academy (United Arab Emirates). Bar-On received his Ph.D. in political science from McGill University. He was formerly a Professor-Researcher at the Tec de Monterrey and member of Mexico’s National System of Researchers. Bar-On has also taught at Wilfrid Laurier University, the Royal Military College of Canada, and Yale University. He is the author of seven books, mostly specialising on the radical right, terrorism, and extremism. His latest book with Jeffrey M. Bale is Fighting the Last War: Confusion, Partisanship and Alarmism in the Literature on the Radical Right (Rowman and Littlefield, 2022).Miguel Paradela-LópezMiguel Paradela-López is Assistant Professor in the Department of International Relations of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Comillas Pontificial University (Spain) and an assistant Professor in the School and Social Sciences and Governance at Tecnológico de Monterrey (Mexico). He has a PhD in Political Theory from the University of Salamanca (Spain). He has published in journals like Latin American Research Review, Cambridge Review of International Affairs and Latin American Perspectives. His areas of interest include international conflicts, insurrectionist groups and Just-war theory.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The ideology becomes a way to make sense of that disconnection”: Beliefs, behaviour and belonging – does ideology matter in countering violent extremism?","authors":"Ben Adams, Garth Stahl, Glenys Oberg","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2266951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2266951","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe role of ideology in driving radicalisation to violent extremism is a more multifaceted and contested question than it may at first appear. While various explanatory models of radicalisation do suggest that ideology is an important precursor to the use of violence, other research has warned of various potential risks associated with focusing on the ideas in an individual’s mind, rather than the actions they carry out. This article engages with such complexities regarding the issue of ideology, drawing from interviews with twelve Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) practitioners based in various states and territories of Australia. Our focus is on their conceptual insights and working practices regarding the role of ideology in radicalisation to violent extremism, placing these in the context of existing literature, debates and other front-line experiences to explore whether, and in what ways, ideology matters for CVE efforts.KEYWORDS: Countering violent extremismideologyinterventionradicalisationsuspect communitiescounter-narratives Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. The distinction between “religiously” and “ideologically motivated violent extremism” was recently introduced by the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) in their threat categorisation. The terminology has been critiqued for its apparent de-emphasis of links between right-wing ideological beliefs and extremist violence, especially given the long history of specific focus on Islamic jihadist terrorism (Khalil Citation2021).Additional informationNotes on contributorsBen AdamsBen Adams is a Research Assistant in the School of Education at University of Queensland, having contributed to a number of projects focused on the sociology of schooling in a neoliberal context, gendered learner identities and subjectivities, masculinity studies, educational inequalities, countering violent extremism and restorative practices in schools.Garth StahlGarth Stahl is an Associate Professor in the School of Education at University of Queensland and Research Fellow, Australian Research Council (DECRA). His research interests lie on the nexus of neoliberalism and socio-cultural studies of education, identity, equity/inequality, and social change.Glenys ObergGlenys Oberg is a Research Assistant in the School of Education at University of Queensland, having contributed to a number of projects focused on trauma and education.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review of The rise of global Islamophobia in the War on Terror: Coloniality, race, and Islam <b>Book review of The rise of global Islamophobia in the War on Terror: Coloniality, race, and Islam</b> by Naved Bakali and Farid Hafez (eds.), , Manchester University Press, 2022, 264 pp., £90 (Hardcover). ISBN: 9781526161758","authors":"Anastassiya Mahon","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2261089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2261089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The jihadists are coming! Abyssal thinking and the spatial politics of un/knowing in Ghana’s terrorism discourse","authors":"Muhammad Dan Suleiman","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2250142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2250142","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCoastal West African countries are in a threat anticipatory anxiety mode: over the fear that subaltern violent “jihadist” groups (SVJGs) are breaching their borders and heading south from across the Sahel. In Ghana, this fear has led to a build-up of commentaries, political statements, and counter-extremism/counterterrorism programs. This article interrogates the terrorism discourse in this West African country at the intersection of critical security studies and the politics of space, by applying securitisation theory and critical discourse analysis. In what is the most comprehensive academic review of news articles on the terrorism discourse in Ghana yet, I contend that the discourse evokes what Boaventura de Sousa Santos calls ‘abyssal thinking’ and creates cognitive and physical spatial abyssal lines. On the invisible side, insecurity within Ghana gets “normalised” by the discourse. On the visible side, however, SVJGs are securitised as abnormal, foreign, and uniquely threatening. This nature of the discourse effectively places events and conditions in the country that are either terroristic or constitutive of terrorism on the invisible side of Ghana’s security priorities. The discourse, therefore, hides much about the reality of insecurity and political violence within the country. These arguments advance the frontiers of security/terrorism knowledge and practice in West Africa by demonstrating the pervasiveness of “global war on terror” systems of representation, two decades after their inception and despite its flaws and adverse implications for human and national security.KEYWORDS: Ghanaterrorismabyssal thinkingspatial politicssecuritisation theorySahel region AcknowledgmentsThe author expresses his gratitude to three anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions and comments on an earlier version of this article.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. It remains essential to keep stressing that the usage of terms such as “jihadism” and “Islamism” (and others like “Salafism” “Salafi-jihadism”, and “Wahhabism”) remains speculative and prejudiced or, worse, cloaked in calculated ignorance. I use subaltern violent “jihadist” groups (SVJGs) instead, to bring some nuance and to avoid some of the problems associated with practices of un/naming. “jihadist” have been used, they must always be read as being in inverted commas.2. Some of these policies and frameworks are the Ghana National Security Strategy (Government of Ghana Citation2020), the National Framework for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Terrorism in Ghana (NAFPCVET) (Government of Ghana Citation2019), and a Practitioners’ Guide on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (The Commonwealth and National Peace Council Citation2022). In 2017, Ghana hosted several West African countries leading to the Accra Initiative (AI), a West African sub-regional security mechanism to address common concerns. The AI has ","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Fighters and International Peace: Joining Global Jihad and Marching Back Home","authors":"Simon Schwesig","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2254608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2254608","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73707521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counter-terror by proxy: the Spanish State’s illicit war with ETA","authors":"Kathryn Loosemore","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2251226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2251226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83422557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UDR Declassified","authors":"Jonathan Arlow","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2244220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2244220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78898045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jihacktivism: the Islamic State’s model of digital resistance","authors":"M. Maarouf","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2243663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2243663","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the main building blocks of participatory activism utilised by sympathisers of the Islamic State within their online media networks. The organisation has named this militant practice “media jihad” or militancy (munasara), which is built on the cultural patterns of traditional ground-based jihad. The practice involves transferring cultural values and war manoeuvres into the virtual ecosystem. The virtual tactics used by sympathisers are linked to the cultural norms of jihad, resulting in a combination of battlefield jihad values and digital resistance practices. The term “Jihacktivism” is introduced to describe this complex combinative Jihadist contention model promoted by the Islamic State. It is a digital resistance paradigm that decentralises the production and dissemination of the Islamic State’s propaganda and empowers sympathisers to contribute to the organisation’s communication of jihad. By doing so, sympathisers may foster a sense of solidarity and become more identified with the group’s cultural schemas and ideological beliefs.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80126402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review of UDR Declassified","authors":"Jonathan Arlow","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2243665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2243665","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. The RUC were the police force of Northern Ireland.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135016122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}