City & Society最新文献

{"title":"Staging the New City: Urban spectacles and the ecological origins of Nayib Bukele's authoritarian populism","authors":"Julio Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12473","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ciso.12473","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper analyzes the connections between real estate speculation and authoritarian populism in El Salvador. Focusing on president Nayib Bukele's term as mayor of Nuevo Cuscatlán (2012–2015), I examine the role speculative urbanism played in the crafting of his profile as a promising politician in the early years of his career. I trace how Bukele instrumentalized the ecosystem of Nuevo Cuscatlán's coffee forest as a means to fund a personalistic populist strategy whose main project called for the construction of a “New City.” This project involved the lifting of barriers to real estate investment to raise funds for social programs and municipal infrastructure. Its flipside was an aggressive process of deforestation and displacement of rural populations. Drawing on urban political ecology and critical agrarian studies, I argue that Bukele's New City project constituted a type of <i>urban spectacle</i>. This urban spectacle was rooted in two socio-ecological dynamics: (1) The use of land as a revenue-raising token of exchange; and (2) The fetishization of urban water infrastructure in the context of water scarcity. The paper concludes with various considerations about the destructive force of the link between authoritarian populism and urban extractivism in rural environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 3","pages":"141-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reciprocal spaces: The socio-material life of balconies in urban Egypt","authors":"Farha Ghannam","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12471","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ciso.12471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>“Reciprocal spaces,” such as windows and balconies, connect the vertical and the horizontal, enable the flow of meanings and feelings, and join with other material artifacts to unite emotionally and socially those who are spatially distant, and socially and emotionally distance those who are spatially proximate. Cairo's balconies reveal that reciprocal spaces allow the gaze to be reoriented, the meaning to be circulated, and the feeling to be shared. They blur the distinction between the subject and the object, the observer and the observed, and the high and the low. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research in Cairo and informed by the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Karen Barad, this paper shows that the balcony is entangled with other objects, spaces, and people in ways that materialize the socio-economic hierarchies (especially class and gender), which structure daily practices and constitute urban subjects. Incorporating balconies in ethnographic research, this paper argues, enables us to be <b>in</b> the city while thinking <b>of</b> the city, undermining a dichotomy that has long troubled urban anthropology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 3","pages":"156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruderal City: Ecologies of Migration, Race, and Urban Life in Berlin","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12468","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ciso.12468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 3","pages":"234-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating danger through nuisance: Racialized urban fears, gentrification, and sensory enskilment in Amsterdam","authors":"Elisa Fiore","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12470","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ciso.12470","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, I employ the notion of sensory enskilment to investigate the embodied relations through which White Dutch middle-class residents of the Indische Buurt, a rapidly gentrifying multicultural neighborhood in the east of Amsterdam, learn to tune in to sensory nuisance to discern safe and unsafe bodies and places in their surroundings. The analysis involves examining those institutional and interactional avenues of (unwitting) sensory learning through which habituated perceptual patterns of stigmatization that conflate the everyday sensory order of Moroccan-Dutch youths with feelings of urban insecurity are cultivated, produced, and consolidated. Studying the ways in which sensory knowledge is implicated in the reproduction of socioeconomic exclusions in contested urban territories can shed new light on discussions around urban sensory politics and draw attention to the enrolment of the senses in revanchist urban renewal.</p>","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ciso.12470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Displacement through the Commons: Community and Spatial Order in Bangkok","authors":"Hayden Shelby,&nbsp;Trude Renwick","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ciso.12466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article investigates the relationship of discourses around community to larger urban processes of development and displacement in Bangkok, Thailand. It focuses on two sites located along a major commercial corridor. The first, undergoing a process of relocation that involves establishing collective land tenure, goes by the Thai term for community, <i>chumchon</i>, though architects and planners frequently refer to it as a “slum.” The second site, an upscale “community mall” called the Commons, is a newly constructed open-air commercial space built to serve Bangkok's young, hip creative class. The eviction of the poor <i>chumchon</i> residents in favor of wealthy café-goers may look like a prime example of larger structural forces of what is often called “gentrification” or “accumulation by dispossession.” However, these sweeping narratives around global capitalist processes miss critical aspects of how the discursive construction of community around these two sites has enabled their physical construction and deconstruction. We demonstrate that rhetorics, imagery, and practices of community serve to valorize the existence of one site while justifying the removal of the other. This analysis demonstrates this outcome was not just the inevitable result of impersonal structural forces. It was displacement through the commons, fueled by discourses around community.</p>","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 3","pages":"191-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ciso.12466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The urban poor and everyday states in an Indian metropolis","authors":"Bhawani Buswala","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12467","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ciso.12467","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines an incident of fire in a squatter settlement in Delhi to understand the interaction between the urban poor and the state. Following the incident, the Delhi government undertook different welfare measures for the affected residents. These included immediate relief in the form of temporary tents for the families, a proposal to build proper houses for them, and compensation checks as direct monetary support. The empirical materials presented in this article show how state interventions tend to suffer from deficiencies of knowledge, trust, and bureaucratic effectiveness. Thus, they do not commensurate with the apparent intentions behind them. Each of these welfare measures engendered an entanglement of the urban poor in the state that affects their relationship to the law, urban space, the local economy, and bureaucratic structures. Analyzing the unfolding of the everyday state on the ground, I suggest that a squatter settlement's dynamic and entangled relationships with the state make it a unique site for analysis of the state from an urban perspective. Critical interpretations of their interactions and the discourses they engender are key ethnographic resources for understanding the dynamics of inequality in contemporary cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 3","pages":"203-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ciso.12467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of cebras and citizens: Kinesthetic politics in Bolivia’s transport cities","authors":"Susan Helen Ellison","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12465","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ciso.12465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban planners and foreign donors have long agonized over how politics, movement, and transportation infrastructure collide in the conjoined cities of El Alto and La Paz, Bolivia. As displaced tin and silver miners migrated to El Alto in droves during the 1980s and 1990s, they banked on that transportation sector to remake their lives, investing their severance packages in the lumbering “Micro” buses and minibuses that now choke both cities’ streets. La Paz’s patchwork of neighborhoods reflects its own history—and present—of racialized class mobility. This article examines the governance politics of municipal efforts to reform pedestrian and driver behavior in cities—mundane habits of movement that are freighted with political significance. In these urban education campaigns, the ways that residents move through transportation infrastructure comprises an important dimension of what it means to be a good citizen. As youth dressed as Cebras (zebras) playfully instruct residents on responsible urban behavior, they expose the somatic and especially kinesthetic dimensions of urban governance and belonging in the city. This article argues for greater attention to the forms of bodily attunement promoted by urban education campaigns and mobilized by city residents during daily encounters with transportation infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 3","pages":"167-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On how to live while being thrown away: Black people who use drugs and the politics of anti-disposability, North Philadelphia, circa 2007 to 2010","authors":"Nadja Eisenberg-Guyot","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12464","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ciso.12464","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing on 3 years of fieldwork (2007–2010) in North Central Philadelphia with homeless and transiently-housed Black people who use drugs, this article explores the politics of mutual aid and community survival during a period of city-sponsored redevelopment. Drawing on Black feminist theory, I show how this community responded to and resisted their marginalization from urban space and Philadelphia history through developing a theory and practice of collective care. Resisting narratives that would position them as “worthless throwaways,” my informants responded to and reworked dominant narratives about what being a Black person who uses drugs means. As redevelopment threatened their neighborhood with increasing velocity, I reflect on how policing and incarceration disrupted my informants'—and my—relationship to history and urban space. I argue that in the shooting galleries, I learned the politics of anti-disposability: the right to <i>live</i> (and not just die) a junky.</p>","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 3","pages":"180-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Afterword: Moving Along","authors":"Rashmi Sadana","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12462","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In Kevin Lynch's (1960) classic formulation of the image of the city, he asks us to think about urban environments as a series of topographic registers on the landscape, from monuments to mountains, paths to edges, nodes, and junctions. There is a human element to this vision, with its concentrations and convergences in social space; think of the hangout value of a street corner or how the cut of a railway marks off a cultural district. However, these registers can also seem static. The city is laid out (Lynch was an urban planner after all) and people move within its gridlines. The authors of the articles in this special section—Samprati Pani, Annemiek Prins, Catherine Earl, and Nikolaos Olma—posit a different imagining of the city: diverse forms of mobility, understood sensorially. These are ethnographies attuned to the movement of bodies through space, where the image of the city is the movement itself. This sensorial approach highlights a particular relationship between city and society by focusing on daily practices of mobility and their repetition through urban space—practices that are individual and begin in the body but have social, political, and cultural resonances and ultimately forms. These are mobility practices that make grooves in the urban landscape and shape people's lives. I think of this experiential and sensorial approach as key to “the moving city,” an idea developed in my own research about how Delhi's new metro rail system reorders that city's landscape (Sadana, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). The reordering is not only due to the physical imposition of new lines and stations but also because of the new itineraries being forged and followed by millions of riders. Similarly, in this special section, readers are treated to a range of ethnographic engagements with mobility practices and how they cultivate social and cultural pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each author begins by showcasing a particular form of mobility—walking, cycle-rickshaw driving, experiencing traffic, and taxi driving—as historically and materially situated in an urban and Asian context. “Asia” here is a place and continent more than an area, concept, or geopolitical monolith. There is nothing cohesive about Asia but there are shared characteristics across its urban public spaces. The four articles span Central, South, and Southeast Asia, across the cities of Tashkent, Delhi, Dhaka, and Ho Chi Minh City, and are located in the nation-states of Uzbekistan, India, Bangladesh, and Vietnam, respectively. These are places with different population densities and climates, though they are all imbued with colonial and imperial histories, postcolonial built environments, and more recent economic liberalizations, resulting in rising middle classes, persistent and entrenched inequalities, and new or changing mobilities. The cities’ infrastructures reflect these new “mobility regimes” composed of “norms and rules that shape movement, space, behavior, and conduct” (Sheller, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;, ","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 2","pages":"132-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ciso.12462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50144737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neither dead nor alive: Participatory slum governance as a zombie program","authors":"Sven da Silva,&nbsp;Martijn Koster,&nbsp;Pieter de Vries","doi":"10.1111/ciso.12457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12457","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article focuses on PREZEIS, an internationally acclaimed participatory slum governance program in Recife, Brazil. PREZEIS was implemented in 1987 and emerged out of a strong popular movement that resisted forced evictions of squatter settlements under the military regime (1964–1985). To date, however, its main objectives—upgrading slums and regularizing land rights—have not been achieved, and its executive powers have been dismantled over the years. We argue that this institutionalization of a popular movement gave birth to a “zombie program” that lives off the past and refuses to die. We advance the zombie metaphor through the Lacanian notion of “fetishistic disavowal,” of <i>knowing</i> PREZEIS is “dead” but still <i>believing</i> it can be revived through ritualistic, fetishistic activities. We argue that the challenge is to accept its death, opening up the possibility for something truly new to arise. In the conclusion, we also explore how this factors into broader debates on urban post-politics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46417,"journal":{"name":"City & Society","volume":"35 2","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ciso.12457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}