Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn最新文献

{"title":"Laparoscopic management of caesarean scar pregnancy in 10 steps.","authors":"Nikolaos Kathopoulis, Konstantinos Kypriotis, Athanasios Douligeris, Michael Panagiotopouloz, Ioannis Chatzipapas, Athanasios Protopapas","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.14","DOIUrl":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a pathologic entity with rising incidence over recent years. So far, there are many treatment methods and protocols suggesting surgical or medical interventions and their combinations. More and more laparoscopic surgery is applied to treat scar pregnancy with excellent results. A proper surgical strategy is a key point for optimal surgical outcome.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To present a standardised technique for the laparoscopic management of CSP.</p><p><strong>Participant: </strong>Patients with CSP having the indication of laparoscopic treatment.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The video presents a systematic approach of the laparoscopic treatment of CSP clearly divided into 10 steps: 1. Prepare the surgery; 2. Inspection of the pelvis; 3. Bladder dissection; 4. Preventive haemostasis; 5. Hysterotomy; 6. Evacuation of conception products; 7. Excision of niche scar tissue; 8. Evacuation of the uterine cavity; 9. Suturing of the uterine defect; 10. Removal of the uterine artery clips. The main outcome measures are the efficacy of the laparoscopic management of CSP and the postoperative uterine reconstruction in terms of ultrasonic measurement of the isthmic myometrial layer thickness. Patients are released from the hospital the day after the surgery, and a follow-up ultrasound is scheduled three months post-operatively. In the case presented in the video, the myometrial wall is increased from 3 mm preoperatively to 13 mm three months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main advantage of this technique is the ability to treat CSP, remove the uterine isthmocele, and reconstruct the lower uterine segment simultaneously. The 10 steps proposed in a logical sequence may shorten the surgery's learning curve and reduce possible complications.</p><p><strong>What is new?: </strong>We present a systematic approach that provides a safe and easily reproducible technique for managing CSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":" ","pages":"208-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The presacral-uterosacral hysteropexy - a novel native tissue repair for pelvic organ prolapse.","authors":"Xiaojuan Wang, Jie Zhang, Keqin Hua, Yisong Chen","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.75","DOIUrl":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uterine-preserving procedures for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are favoured and are becoming increasingly popular. Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) presacral-uterosacral hysteropexy is a novel native tissue repair for POP.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the safety of this uterine-preserving procedure and its midterm efficacy in treating POP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between December 2020 and December 2022, patients with symptomatic POP who underwent vNOTES presacral-uterosacral hysteropexy at a tertiary teaching hospital were retrospectively analysed. The patient characteristics, follow-up outcomes, and complications were recorded and analysed.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes measures: </strong>We investigated anatomical success, subjective improvement, perioperative parameters, and operative complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight patients (median age 41 years) completed a mean 24.4-month (± 6.8) follow-up. There were two women (3.4%) who experienced recurrence. There was a significant improvement in POP-Q scores in all compartments at the last follow-up compared to the baseline (<i>P</i><0.001). 94.8% of patients were satisfied with their operations. The urinary and prolapse symptoms improved significantly (<i>P</i><0.001), and sexual function was significantly improved (<i>P</i><0.001). There were no intraoperative complications, and one patient experienced fever and delayed haemorrhage after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>vNOTES presacral-uterosacral hysteropexy may be a safe and feasible technique for women with POP who desire to preserve their uterus. This procedure demonstrates promising medium-term anatomical and subjective outcomes in treating POP.</p><p><strong>What is new?: </strong>This is a new mesh-free surgical procedure that combines the benefits of laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy and vNOTES uterosacral ligament hysteropexy to treat women with POP who desire uterine preservation, aiming to gain long-term anatomical success and minor complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":"17 2","pages":"130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising ergonomics in minimally invasive gynaecological surgery: a comprehensive review and practice recommendations.","authors":"Dimitrios Balafoutas, Ralf Joukhadar, Nikos Vlahos","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.12","DOIUrl":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern minimally invasive gynaecological surgery greatly contributes to women's health; however, it can be physically demanding for surgeons. A plethora of available data shows that the optimisation of ergonomics in the operating room (OR) is crucial for the health and efficiency of surgeons.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide an overview of the importance of ergonomics and clinically useful, concise recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review with critical analysis of available data.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Impact of ergonomics on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), fatigue levels, efficiency and subjective comfort among surgeons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence suggests that MSDs are highly prevalent among minimally invasive gynaecological surgeons and that several ergonomic interventions can greatly reduce muscle strain and improve clinical practice, with the most important being the planning of brief intraoperative breaks, the selection of proper laparoscopic instruments and the positioning of the operating table and monitor at the correct height. The adoption of robotic surgery can also improve surgical ergonomics. Clinical practice recommendations for ergonomic improvement in gynaecological laparoscopy based on the existing evidence are provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgeons must be aware of the optimal ergonomic settings in the OR and impose measures to reduce risks and achieve a comfortable environment.</p><p><strong>What is new?: </strong>A comprehensive, praxis-oriented review with exact ergonomic advice for minimally invasive gynaecological surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":" ","pages":"180-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality for pain relief in gynaecological care","authors":"Josep Estadella-Tarriel","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.178","DOIUrl":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":" ","pages":"99-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the real benefits of robot-assisted surgery in gynaecology: from telesurgery to image-guided surgery and artificial intelligence.","authors":"Matteo Pavone, Marta Goglia, Andrea Rosati, Chiara Innocenzi, Nicolò Bizzarri, Barbara Seeliger, Pietro Mascagni, Filippo Alberto Ferrari, Antonello Forgione, Antonia Carla Testa, Anna Fagotti, Francesco Fanfani, Denis Querleu, Giovanni Scambia, Cherif Akladios, Jacques Marescaux, Lise Lecointre","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2024.13522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52054/FVVO.2024.13522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several new robotic platforms are being commercialised, with different features in terms of types of consoles, numbers of arms, and targeting transabdominal or natural orifice approaches. The benefits of robotic surgery over laparoscopy have yet to be conclusively demonstrated in gynaecology, as several studies comparing perioperative and postoperative patient outcomes have reported no significant differences, leading to a lack of precise recommendations in surgical guidelines for both gynaecologic oncology and benign gynaecology. In addition, these outcomes must be balanced against the high costs of robotic surgery, in particular when considering building an infrastructure for safe telesurgery to democratise access to telementoring and remote interventions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Drawing from the expertise gained at the IRCAD Research and Training Center in Strasbourg, France, this article aims to provide an overview of the unveiled benefits of robotic-assisted surgery in gynaecology, investigating the role of digital surgery integration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the latest advancement in digital robotic-assisted surgery in gynaecology and illustrate the benefits of this approach related to the easiest integration with new technologies. To illustrate such evidence, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>In the era of surgical innovation and digital surgery, the potential of robotic surgery becomes apparent through the capacity to integrate new technologies. Image-guided surgery techniques, including the analysis of preoperative and intraoperative images, 3D reconstructions and their use for virtual and augmented reality, and the availability of drop-in robotic ultrasound probes, can help to enhance the quality, efficacy and safety of surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The integration of artificial intelligence, particularly computer vision analysis of surgical workflows, is put forward to further reduce complications, enhance safety, and improve operating room efficiency. Additionally, new large language models can assist during procedures by providing patient history and aiding in decision-making. The education and training of young surgeons will undergo radical transformations with robotic surgery, with telementoring and shared procedures in the side-by-side double-console setup.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Robotic systems play a fundamental role in the transition towards digital surgery, aiming to improve patient care through integration of such new technologies.</p><p><strong>What is new?: </strong>While the advantages of robotic surgery in terms of perioperative outcomes have yet to be demonstrated, the benefits of its easiest integration with new technologies are evident.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":"17 1","pages":"50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake, views, opinions and practice of same-day discharge following total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a national survey of UK gynaecologists.","authors":"Lina Antoun, T Justin Clark","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2025.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52054/FVVO.2025.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is associated with reduced post-operative pain and enhanced recovery, allowing same-day discharge (SDD). However, adoption of SDD TLH is not established, and practice varies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct a national survey of UK gynaecologists with an interest in laparoscopic surgery to obtain their views, opinions and experience of SDD TLH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Members of the British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy were invited to complete an online questionnaire between January 2023 and January 2024.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions about SDD TLH covering three domains: (i) service provision, (ii) prognostic variables and (iii) information giving and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and forty-eight clinicians from 148/215 NHS hospitals (69%) responded. One hundred and thirty one (89%) respondents thought that SDD following TLH was beneficial, and 48 (32%) hospitals had an established service. Adequate pain control was considered the most important factor to achieve SDD TLH, followed by control of nausea and vomiting. Seventy-eight (53%) respondents removed the urinary catheter at the end of the procedure. All respondents believed that managing patients' expectations was important to achieve compliance with SDD and 123 (83%) thought that developing an online preadmission patient information resource was needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One third of UK NHS hospitals have a SDD TLH service but there is variation in availability and protocols (pre-, peri- and post-operative management). These data can help develop health service strategy to promote SDD after TLH and standardise protocols.</p><p><strong>What is new?: </strong>The survey quantifies and demonstrates hospital-level variation in uptake and practice of SDD provision after TLH.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":"17 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leiomyosarcoma of the left external iliac artery: a case report and narrative review of the literature.","authors":"Anna Pitsillidi, Sergios Ion Karras, Günter Karl Noé","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2024.13623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52054/FVVO.2024.13623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) arise from smooth muscle and represents only 6% of all sarcomas. LMS originating from major blood vessels, called vascular LMS, are detected mostly in the inferior vena cava. Arterial LMS are a rarity. We present a 43-year-old patient with a LMS arising from the left external iliac artery. The patient was referred to us with symptoms of left lower abdominal pain extending to the left limb and underwent a contrast computed tomography which suggested a suspicious mass near the left iliac vessels. She underwent laparoscopic excision of the tumour, whose histological examination revealed an LMS G2 arising from the external iliac artery. Immunohistochemically CD34, p53, Desmin, as well as smooth muscle actin, tested positive.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":"17 1","pages":"94-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative management of caesarean scar pregnancy: tissue removal device hysteroscopic treatment after uterine artery embolisation.","authors":"Emma Bonetti, Eleonora La Fera, Maria Vittoria Alesi, Silvia D'Ippolito, Antonio Lanzone, Giovanni Scambia, Ursula Catena","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2024.13678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52054/FVVO.2024.13678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is an uncommon complication in women with prior caesarean deliveries. Treatment options include both medical and surgical approaches, but there is no consensus on definitive management.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We propose a step-by-step video demonstration of a conservative approach for CSP, using hysteroscopic treatment with tissue removal device (TRD) after uterine artery embolisation (UAE).</p><p><strong>Participant: </strong>A 34-year-old woman with two previous caesarean deliveries was diagnosed with a CSP involving an 8-week embryo implanted in the isthmocele. Initial management consisted of UAE performed at another hospital. The patient was then referred to the Digital Hysteroscopic Clinic, CLASS Hysteroscopy of Policlinico Gemelli in Rome, for hysteroscopic removal of residual trophoblastic tissue.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Safety and effectiveness of a novel conservative CSP management, involving TRD following UAE. Preoperative assessment, combining transvaginal ultrasound and diagnostic hysteroscopy, revealed trophoblastic remnants inside the uterine niche with an extremely thin myometrial margin. The procedure was performed under general anaesthesia, according to an ambulatory model of care. A TRD with a soft tissue blade was used for the complete removal of the lesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This video article suggests that TRD hysteroscopic treatment after UAE is a safe and effective approach for CSP. This conservative management minimises the risk of complications such as bleeding and uterine perforation. Additionally, the TRD avoids the use of electrosurgery, potentially reducing the incidence of subsequent intrauterine adhesions. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in the long term.</p><p><strong>What is new?: </strong>This is the first reported case of conservative CSP management combining UAE with hysteroscopic resection using a TRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":"17 1","pages":"90-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do we need a preventive stoma in surgery for colorectal endometriosis? A retrospective series of 97 patients treated at an expert centre.","authors":"Pierre Collinet, Margherita Renso, Nicolas Briez","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2024.13453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52054/FVVO.2024.13453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various surgical techniques for the treatment of colorectal endometriosis have been described, and the benefit of a preventive stoma remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of our study is to evaluate the risk of complications in patients who underwent surgery for colorectal endometriosis without a policy of preventive stoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study of 97 consecutive patients treated for colorectal endometriosis in an expert centre from January 2022 to January 2024.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Complications after colorectal endometriosis surgery in patients without preventive stoma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three patients were managed by segmental resection, 20 patients by single-disc excision, 5 patients by double-disc excision and 29 patients by rectal shaving. 48 patients required vaginal suturing. We found complications in 14% of patients. Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥3) were encountered in 8.24% of patients. 3.09% developed a rectovaginal fistula. Patients with a colorectal endometriosis nodule larger than 3 cm had more complications than patients with smaller nodules (57.1% vs. 42.9% of total complications), with a <i>P</i>-value close to the statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgery for colorectal endometriosis performed in high-volume centres by expert surgeons leads to a reduction in the risk of postoperative complications. In our study, we did not perform routine preventive stoma formation, and we did not find an increase in postoperative complications compared to the literature.</p><p><strong>What is new?: </strong>This study provides data on the risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal endometriosis without a preventive stoma policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":"17 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infantile uterus and uterine hypoplasia: a comprehensive overview to explore possible managements amidst limited scientific certainties.","authors":"Luis Alonso Pacheco, José Carugno, Juan Luis Alcázar, Miguel Caballero, María Carrera Roig, Liliana Mereu, José Antonio Domínguez, Enrique Moratalla, Stefania Saponara, Salvatore Giovanni Vitale, Federico Pérez Millán","doi":"10.52054/FVVO.2024.13354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52054/FVVO.2024.13354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The uterus, a complex organ, performs crucial functions including fertilisation, embryonic implantation, and supporting fetal development. Infantile uterus, resembling a prepubescent girl's uterus, and uterine hypoplasia, characterised by a smaller than normal size but with a normal body/cervix ratio, present significant reproductive challenges.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to critically review the existing literature on the infantile uterus and uterine hypoplasia, focusing on the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive narrative review was conducted based on a thorough database search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, complemented by cross-referencing relevant articles. Inclusion criteria included studies on the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of infantile uterus and uterine hypoplasia.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Diagnostic criteria based on measurements and therapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review revealed distinct characteristics of infantile uterus and uterine hypoplasia. The infantile uterus has a body/cervix ratio of 1:1 or 1:2, resembling that of a prepubescent girl, while uterine hypoplasia maintains a normal body/cervix ratio of 2:1 but is smaller in size. Diagnostic criteria include a total uterine length of less than 6 cm and specific ultrasound features such as reduced intercornual distance. Therapeutic options include hormonal therapy, particularly oestrogen administration, and surgical interventions aimed at expanding the uterine cavity. Hormonal treatments showed variable effectiveness, primarily beneficial in cases of oestrogen deficiency, while surgical approaches demonstrated some success in enhancing fertility outcomes in women with a hypoplastic uterus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infantile uterus and uterine hypoplasia remain poorly understood, with no consensus on their aetiology. Accurate diagnosis relies on specific measurements and body/cervix ratios. Treatment options, including hormonal and surgical interventions, show limited success, indicating a need for further research to optimise management strategies.</p><p><strong>What is new?: </strong>This review highlights the diagnostic challenges and the limited efficacy of current treatments for infantile uterus and uterine hypoplasia, emphasising the need for standardised diagnostic criteria and further research aiming to elucidate more effective therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":46400,"journal":{"name":"Facts Views and Vision in ObGyn","volume":"17 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}