{"title":"Offshore Wind Energy in India: Foundation Design and Challenges.","authors":"Gopal S P Madabhushi","doi":"10.1007/s40098-026-01515-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40098-026-01515-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Offshore wind industry has made rapid advances in Europe particularly in the UK. Foundations for the Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) form nearly 30% of the total cost and currently monopiles are the most popular form of these foundations. As the offshore wind industry moved to south-east asia including Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China, the performance of OWT foundations under seismic loading has become important and there is much of current research in Cambridge directed towards this loading scenario. Offshore Wind is becoming popular in India with two sectors for wind farms already identified, one on the East Coast near Kanyakumari and the other offshore of Gujarat. In this paper, the design challenges for these two sectors will be considered. In the first part of the paper, the OWT foundations in the form of monopiles located in soft marine clays underlain by stiffer clay strata often present along the East Coast will be considered. The recent research using centrifuge modelling that is aimed at understanding the behaviour of monopiles under monotonic and cyclic loading will be highlighted. The results shows that realistic <i>p-y</i> curves can be generated directly from the centrifuge test data that capture the lateral monopile response in clays. In the second part of the paper the challenges of offshore wind development on the West Coast i.e. offshore of Gujarat will be emphasised. The recent research on earthquake loading and the seismic performance of monopile foundations in loose sandy soils overlying dense sandy strata will be considered. Recent design guidelines developed by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) that require the consideration of seismic load and operational wind/wave loading in tandem, and the recent research at Cambridge to test these load combinations will be highlighted. It will be shown based on centrifuge test data that the monopile response in liquefiable soils is significantly altered in the presence of operational wind/wave loading.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-026-01515-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"56 9","pages":"4383-4399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field Studies on Use of Granular Anchor Piles for Footings and Pavements Resting on Expansive Soils","authors":"Hari Krishna Padavala","doi":"10.1007/s40098-023-00824-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00824-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jackson Andres Gil-Hernandez, Goretty A. Gonzalez-Peña, María L. Olarte-Peña, David G. Zapata-Medina
{"title":"Variation of Stiffness at the Tip of Piles Subjected to Load-Unload Cycles: Numerical Modeling","authors":"Jackson Andres Gil-Hernandez, Goretty A. Gonzalez-Peña, María L. Olarte-Peña, David G. Zapata-Medina","doi":"10.1007/s40098-023-00821-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00821-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of Red Sandstone Under Acid Corrosion","authors":"Yongsheng Liu, Wang Liu, Cui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40098-023-00829-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00829-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"113 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ichrak Gaaloul, O. Ben Mekki, S. Montassar, W. Frikha
{"title":"Effect of Temperature Variations on the Cylindrical Cavity Expansion: Numerical Analysis","authors":"Ichrak Gaaloul, O. Ben Mekki, S. Montassar, W. Frikha","doi":"10.1007/s40098-023-00831-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00831-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"93 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shukla, B. K. Pandey, R. Ingale, A. K. Vivek, K. Meshram
{"title":"Effect of Construction Time on the Behavior of Embankment Constructed on ESC-Improved Clayey Soil","authors":"A. Shukla, B. K. Pandey, R. Ingale, A. K. Vivek, K. Meshram","doi":"10.1007/s40098-023-00830-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00830-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting the Maximum Dry Density of Soil by Using the Individual and Hybrid Framework of the Decision Tree","authors":"Weifang Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s40098-023-00827-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00827-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Experimental Study on Staged Excavation Supported by Contiguous Pile Wall","authors":"Aradhana Mishra, V. Sawant","doi":"10.1007/s40098-023-00822-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00822-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138973248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Field Study Using Coir–Latex Composites as Wave Barriers for the attenuation of Ground Vibration","authors":"M. Lekshmi Chandran, V. Jaya, K. Balan","doi":"10.1007/s40098-023-00828-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00828-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46341,"journal":{"name":"Indian Geotechnical Journal","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}