Annals of GIS最新文献

{"title":"The Law of Scale Independence","authors":"J. Phillips","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2022.2026466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2022.2026466","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Geography and geosciences deal with phenomena that span spatial scales from the molecular to the planetary, and temporal scales from instantaneous to billions of years. A strong reductionist tradition in geosciences and spatial sciences tempts us to seek to apply similar representations and process-based explanations across these vast-scale ranges, usually from a bottom-up perspective. However, the law of scale independence (LSI) states that for any phenomenon that exists across a sufficiently large range of scales, there exists a scale separation distance at which the scales are independent with respect to system dynamics and explanation. The LSI is evaluated here from five independent perspectives: geographic intuition, dynamical systems theory, Kolmogorov entropy, hierarchy theory, and algebraic graph theory. All of these support the LSI. Results indicate that rather than attempting to identify the largest or smallest relevant scales and work down or up from there, the LSI dictates a strategy of focusing directly on the most important or interesting scales. An example is given from a hierarchical state factor model of ecosystem responses to climate change.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"31 1","pages":"15 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80524848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical and Temporal Analysis of Tweets Related to COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease in the US.","authors":"Xuan Zhang,&nbsp;Lan Mu,&nbsp;Donglan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuping Mao,&nbsp;Lu Shi,&nbsp;Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;José A Pagán","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2022.2133167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2022.2133167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 600 million confirmed cases worldwide since December 2021. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is both a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality and a complication that many COVID-19 patients develop. This study uses Twitter data to identify the spatiotemporal patterns and correlation of related tweets with daily COVID-19 cases and deaths at the national, regional, and state levels. We collected tweets mentioning both COVID-19 and CVD-related words from February to July 2020 (Eastern Time) and geocoded the tweets to the state level using GIScience techniques. We further proposed and validated that the Twitter user registration state can be a feasible proxy of geotags. We applied geographical and temporal analysis to investigate where and when people talked about COVID-19 and CVD. Our results indicated that the trend of COVID-19 and CVD-related tweets is correlated to the trend of COVID-19, especially the daily deaths. These social media messages revealed widespread recognition of CVD's important role in the COVID-19 pandemic, even before the medical community started to develop consensus and theory supports about CVD aspects of COVID-19. The second wave of the pandemic caused another rise in the related tweets but not as much as the first one, as tweet frequency increased from February to April, decreased till June, and bounced back in July. At the regional level, four regions (Northeast, Midwest, North, and West) had the same trend of related tweets compared to the country as a whole. However, only the Northeast region had a high correlation (0.8-0.9) between the tweet count, new cases, and new deaths. For the second wave of confirmed new cases, the major contributing regions, South and West, did not ripple as many related tweets as the first wave. Our understanding is that the early news attracted more attention and discussion all over the U.S. in the first wave, even though some regions were not impacted as much as the Northeast at that time. The study can be expanded to more geographic and temporal scales, and with more physical and socioeconomic variables, with better data acquisition in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"28 4","pages":"491-500"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9997116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9464816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS-Automated Delineation of Hospital Service Areas in Florida: From Dartmouth Method to Network Community Detection Methods.","authors":"Changzhen Wang,&nbsp;Fahui Wang","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2022.2026470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2022.2026470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the Dartmouth hospital service areas (HSAs) were proposed three decades ago, there has been a large body of work using the unit in examining the geographic variation in health care in the U.S. for evaluating health care system performance and informing health policy. However, many studies question the replicability and reliability of the Dartmouth HSAs in meeting the challenges of ever-changing and a diverse set of health care services. This research develops a reproducible, automated, and efficient GIS tool to implement Dartmouth method for defining HSAs. Moreover, the research adapts two popular network community detection methods to account for spatial constraints for defining HSAs that are scale flexible and optimize an important property such as maximum service flows within HSAs. A case study based on the state inpatient database in Florida from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project is used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the methods. The study represents a major step toward developing HSA delineation methods that are computationally efficient, adaptable for various scales (from a local region to as large as a national market), and automated without a steep learning curve for public health professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"28 2","pages":"93-109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9355116/pdf/nihms-1771230.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on NO2 and PM2.5 levels and their associations with human mobility patterns in Singapore","authors":"Yangyang Li, Yi Zhu, Jia Yu Karen Tan, H. Teo, Andrea Law, Dezhan Qu, W. Luo","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2022.2121855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2022.2121855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The decline in NO2 and PM2.5 pollutant levels were observed during COVID-19 around the world, especially during lockdowns. Previous studies explained such observed decline with the decrease in human mobility, overlooking the meteorological changes that could simultaneously mediate air pollution levels. This pitfall could potentially lead to over- or under-estimation of the effect of COVID-19 on air pollution. This study, thus, aims to re-evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on NO2 and PM2.5 pollutant levels in Singapore, by incorporating the effect of meteorological parameters in predicting NO2 and PM2.5 baseline in 2020 using machine learning methods. The results show that the mean NO2 and PM2.5 declined by 12% and 19%, which were less than the observed drops (i.e. 54% and 29%, respectively) without considering the effect of meteorological parameters. As two proxies for change in human mobility, taxi availability and carpark availability were found to increase and decrease by a maximum of 12.6% and 9.8%, respectively, in 2020 from 2019. Two correlation analyses were conducted to investigate how human mobility influenced air pollutant levels: one between daily PM2.5 and mobility changes at a regional scale and the other between weekly NO2 and mobility changes at a spatial resolution of 0.01°. The NO2 variation was found to be more associated with the change in human mobility and a cluster of stronger correlations was found in the South and East Coast of Singapore. Contrarily, PM2.5 and mobility had a weak correlation, which could be due to the limit of a coarse spatial resolution. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"25 1","pages":"515 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73857345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 impact on excess deaths of various causes in the United States","authors":"Akhil Kumar, Yogya Kalra, W. Guan, Vansh Tibrewal, Rupali Batta, Andrew Chen","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1982001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1982001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Media regarding COVID-19 fatality counts is crucial, affecting policy and health measures nationwide. However, misinformation regarding other causes of death has led to dubious claims about the seriousness of the coronavirus. This research aims to identify the changes in a dozen causes of death during the pandemic using CDC data from 1999 to 2020. Using the Exponential Triple Smoothing (ETS) algorithm, this project estimated the mortality of eleven causes of death for 2020 under the assumption of no COVID-19 pandemic. Using Power BI and Tableau, this data was visualized together with 2020 actual death counts to determine which causes of death were significantly impacted by the coronavirus. The dashboard revealed an increase in several causes of death including Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes, a decrease in Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease deaths, and a slight increase in Influenza deaths. These findings, while at odds with much of the media surrounding COVID-19 mortality, are corroborated by adjacent scientific research.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"1 1","pages":"457 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82694727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial/ethnic, social characteristics and geographic disparities of childhood cancer late-stage diagnosis in Texas, 2005 to 2014","authors":"Niaz Morshed, F. Zhan","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1981999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1981999","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated childhood cancer disparities in the state of Texas based on data from 1995 to 2014 from the perspective of race/ethnicity, geographic location, and social factors. The enhanced 2-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method was used to measure relative spatial access to Children’s Oncology Group (COG) hospitals. This study also examined the effect of spatial access to specialized COG services along with other variables in explaining the variations of late-stage diagnosis of childhood cancer. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyse how individual- and contextual-level factors affect the occurrence of childhood cancer disparities (i.e. late-stage diagnosis). The study revealed that Hispanic children were more likely to be diagnosed at a late-stage, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), socio-culture, education, spatial access to COG hospitals, percent African American, and health insurance coverage. The study also identified that the childhood cancer stage at diagnosis is associated with spatial access to COG services as well as levels of urbanization. Moreover, findings indicate that contextual-level factors, such as SES, socio-cultural factors, education level, and percent health insurance coverage partially explained some of the childhood cancer disparities. Results from this study will contribute to developing more effective and targeted childhood cancer intervention programs in socially underprivileged areas, focusing on population with lower socioeconomic status and lower education levels, limited English-speaking households, areas with a higher percentage of Hispanics and African Americans, locations with a low level of spatial access to COG services.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"23 1","pages":"329 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80809369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How far persons with diabetes travel for care? Spatial analysis from a tertiary care facility in Southern India","authors":"J. Olickal, James T. Devasia, P. Thekkur, P. Chinnakali, BS Suryanarayana, G. Saya, K. Ganapathy, D. Subrahmanyam","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1966504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1966504","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accessibility determines health care utilization among individuals with noncommunicable diseases as they need to visit health facilities frequently. Hence, we aimed to assess the road distance and travel time to the diabetes clinic of Persons with Diabetes (PWDs) seeking care at a public tertiary care facility in South India. PWDs house locations were geocoded using ArcGIS World Geocoding Services, and ArcGIS Pro Business Analyst Geoprocessing extension was used to conduct network analysis. A simple median regression analysis was done to compare the association of sociodemographic variables with distance and time. Of the total 2261 PWDs included, the mean (SD) age was 53.7 (11.5) years, and 49.4% were males and about 66.0% of the PWDs resided in rural areas. The median (IQR) travel distance of PWDs from their home to the diabetes clinic was 30.5 (7.6–78.5) km and the median (IQR) time spent in travelling was 77.9 (16.4–194.7) minutes. About 76% travelled more than 5 km to the diabetes clinic. About 85% of PWDs travelled farther than the nearest available public health facility to avail care from the diabetes clinic. Younger age group, male gender, PWDs from rural areas and the state of Tamil Nadu travelled significantly longer distance compared to their counterparts. To conclude, about three-fourth of the PWDs travelled more than 5 km for care at the diabetes clinic. Also, about 9 out of 10 travelled farther than the nearest available public health facility where diabetes care was available.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"46 1","pages":"341 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87911347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the relationships between network distance and straight-line distance: applications in spatial bias correction","authors":"Xinyue Chen, Yimin Chen","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1966503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1966503","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In many applications of spatial analysis methods, straight-line Euclidean distance (ED) is frequently used as the distance metric. However, ED is not adequate to reflect the actual distance between spatial objects and would probably lead to biased results. In order to understand the effects of using ED, this study estimates the quantitative relationships between ED and actual network distance (ND) across 25 Chinese cities and identifies their spatial variations using functional data analysis (FDA). The analysis is based on the detour index (DI), which is defined as the ratio of ND to ED. The results reveal significant linear relationships between ND and ED (with an average DI value of 1.324) across all selected cities. FDA further unveils the modes of the spatial variations of DI from short-distance to long-distance travel at the intra-city scale, showing that short-distance travels in a city usually require more detour than long-distance ones. Finally, we take K-function analysis as an example to demonstrate the usefulness of the estimated DI relationships to correct the bias of ED. Our experiments show that by applying the estimated DI relationships, the results of K-function analysis with ED can be substantially improved to become more realistic. We also suggest and evaluate a kNN based method to determine an appropriate DI value and adjust ED.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"108 1","pages":"351 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76682789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing Information Diffusion in Natural Hazards using Retweets - a Case Study of 2018 Winter Storm Diego","authors":"Jinwen Xu, Y. Qiang","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1954086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1954086","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Information diffusion on social media during disasters is an important indicator of community resilience. As a common natural hazard in the U.S., winter storms often cause adverse socio-economic impacts on human society. Understanding people’s perception and behaviours during winter storms is important to mitigate negative impacts and promote community resilience. This study applies text mining and spatial analysis methods on Twitter data during Winter Storm Diego on 2018 December. Different from previous studies focusing on original tweets, this study utilized retweets to model information diffusion in the contiguous United States and analysed the geographic distribution of information flows in various topics. The diffusion extent and direction of the storm-related retweets were compared among different topics. Kernel density maps and standard deviational ellipse were applied to model the spatial distribution of the retweets in different topics. The result shows that people outside of the affected areas expressed more negative sentiment towards the storm than people in the affected areas. Also, distance decay of retweet density has been found and the decay rate differs in different topics. These findings of the analyses will provide support for disaster relief, information communication and broadcasting through social media platforms.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"54 1","pages":"213 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87073653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geography as a science of the earth’s surface founded on the third view of space","authors":"Bin Jiang","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1966502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1966502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The third or organismic view of space states that space is neither lifeless nor neutral, but a living structure capable of being more living or less living, thus different fundamentally from the first two mechanistic views of space: Newtonian absolute space and Leibnizian relational space. The living structure is defined as a physical and mathematical structure or simply characterized by the recurring notion (or inherent hierarchy) of far more small substructures than large ones. This paper seeks to lay out a new geography as a science of the Earth’s surface founded on the third view of space. The new geography aims not only to better understand geographic forms and processes but also – maybe more importantly – to make geographic space or the Earth’s surface to be living or more living. After introducing two fundamental laws of geography: Tobler’s law on spatial dependence (or homogeneity) and scaling law on spatial heterogeneity, we argue that these two laws are fundamental laws of living structure that favour statistics over exactitude, because the former (or statistics) tends to make a structure more living than the latter (or exactitude). We present the concept of living structure through some working examples and make it clear how a living structure differs from a non-living structure, under the organismic worldview that was first conceived by the British philosopher Alfred Whitehead (1861–1947). In order to make a structure or space living or more living, we illustrate two design principles – differentiation and adaptation – using two paintings and two city plans. The new geography is a science of living structure, dealing with a wide range of scales, from the smallest scale of ornaments on walls to the scale of the entire Earth’s surface.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"2 1","pages":"31 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84323956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}