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Dietary Variability in the Varna Chalcolithic Cemeteries 瓦尔纳 Chalcolithic 墓地中的饮食差异
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.33
Bisserka Gaydarska, Joe Roe, Vladimir Slavchev
{"title":"Dietary Variability in the Varna Chalcolithic Cemeteries","authors":"Bisserka Gaydarska, Joe Roe, Vladimir Slavchev","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents the results of AMS radiocarbon dating, stable isotope analysis, and FRUITS dietary modelling to investigate dietary variability among sixty individuals buried at Varna in the mid-fifth millennium <span>bc</span>. The principal pattern was the isotopic clustering of some forty-three per cent of the population, which suggests a ‘Varna core diet’, with the remainder showing a wider variety of isotopic profiles. While there is a slight trend for heightened meat and fish consumption among male individuals compared to female and undetermined individuals, the authors found no clear correlation between dietary variation and the well-attested differentiation in material culture in the graves. Three children had isotopic profile and estimated diets unmatched by any of the adults in the sample. Two scenarios, dubbed ‘regional’ and ‘local’, are presented to explain such dietary variability at Varna.</p>","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Urban Dimensions of Mountain Society in Late-First Millennium bc Italy: Monte Vairano in Samnium 公元前一千年后期意大利山区社会的城市维度：萨姆尼恩的韦拉诺山
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.26
Rafael Scopacasa
{"title":"The Urban Dimensions of Mountain Society in Late-First Millennium bc Italy: Monte Vairano in Samnium","authors":"Rafael Scopacasa","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mountain communities of late-first millennium <span>bc</span> Italy have been regarded as non-urban societies that reverted to city life mainly owing to Roman intervention. A growing body of archaeological evidence is uncovering the diversity of settlement forms and dynamics in the region's pre-Roman past, which included sites encompassing a range of functions and social agents. This article presents an in-depth, microscale analysis of one such site, Monte Vairano in Samnium, drawing on perspectives from comparative urbanism. Monte Vairano developed urban characteristics such as a complex socioeconomic profile and political cohesion, as well as potentially more unique features such as an apparently balanced distribution of wealth. These results can shed further light on the diversity of ancient urbanization and its sociopolitical implications in late-first millennium <span>bc</span> Italy and the Mediterranean.</p>","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Experiment Measuring Water Consumption in Roman Hydrophobic Mortar (opus signinum) 测量罗马疏水砂浆耗水量的实验（opus signinum）
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.20
Javier Martínez Jiménez, Juan Jesús Padilla Fernández, Elena H. Sánchez López
{"title":"An Experiment Measuring Water Consumption in Roman Hydrophobic Mortar (opus signinum)","authors":"Javier Martínez Jiménez, Juan Jesús Padilla Fernández, Elena H. Sánchez López","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.20","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Opus signinum</jats:italic> is a lime mortar mix that includes crushed pottery as an aggregate. Because it is water-resistant, it was used to line hydraulic structures like pools and aqueducts. While there have been numerous recreations of Roman ‘concretes’ in the past, hydrophobic linings have received little attention, and all preliminary studies in these recreations have paid more attention to the dry components and the lime than to the hydric needs of the mortar. The experiment presented here was to gain a better understanding, with the help of traditional builders, of the process of mixing and applying hydrophobic linings and calculate the water consumption of individual samples. The data obtained contribute to assessing the water consumption needs on Roman construction sites, what associated logistics these volumes required, and what the technicalities of applying this specific type of lining were.","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Herding with the Hounds: The Game of Fifty-eight Holes in the Abşeron Peninsula 与猎犬一起放牧：阿贝歇隆半岛的五十八洞游戏
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.24
Walter Crist, Rahman Abdullayev
{"title":"Herding with the Hounds: The Game of Fifty-eight Holes in the Abşeron Peninsula","authors":"Walter Crist, Rahman Abdullayev","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.24","url":null,"abstract":"The game of fifty-eight holes is one of the longest recognized games of antiquity, but also one of the least understood. New evidence from the Caspian littoral points to an early adoption of the game by Middle Bronze Age seasonally pastoral cattle herders in the late third millennium and early second millennium <jats:sc>bc</jats:sc>. Six boards bearing this game's distinct pattern were found at sites on the Abşeron Peninsula and Gobustan Reserve in Azerbaijan. Their presence there not only indicates that the region was connected to societies to the south, but also demonstrates the game's popularity across cultures and socioeconomic groups. Its supposed first appearance in Egypt is questioned in favour of a south-western Asian origin.","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Roman Table to Anglo-Saxon Grave: An Archaeological Biography of the Scremby Cup 从罗马餐桌到盎格鲁-撒克逊坟墓：斯克伦比杯考古传记
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.12
Hugh Willmott, Lenore Thompson, Jasmine Lundy, Courtenay-Elle Crichton-Turley
{"title":"From Roman Table to Anglo-Saxon Grave: An Archaeological Biography of the Scremby Cup","authors":"Hugh Willmott, Lenore Thompson, Jasmine Lundy, Courtenay-Elle Crichton-Turley","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of Roman material in early Anglo-Saxon graves in England is well documented, and recent excavations at Scremby in Lincolnshire have revealed a complete copper-alloy enamelled drinking cup in a sixth-century <jats:sc>ad</jats:sc> female burial. Not only is such a Roman vessel a very rare find, but also its inclusion in an early medieval grave makes it a unique example of the reuse of an antique object in a funerary context. This article presents a typological and metallurgical analysis of the cup and selected comparative examples from England and France are discussed. The context of deposition and the role the cup played as a burial container for animal fat are examined, as are the mechanisms that lay behind the cup's continued life several centuries after its manufacture.","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lynchet-Type Terraces, Loess, and Agricultural Resilience on Chalk Landscapes in the UK and Belgium 英国和比利时白垩地貌上的林斧型梯田、黄土和农业恢复力
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.6
Ben Pears, Andreas Lang, Dan Fallu, Mark Roberts, David Jacques, Lisa Snape, Chiara Bahl, Kristof Van Oost, Pengzhi Zhao, Paolo Tarolli, Sara Cucchiaro, Kevin Walsh, Antony Brown
{"title":"Lynchet-Type Terraces, Loess, and Agricultural Resilience on Chalk Landscapes in the UK and Belgium","authors":"Ben Pears, Andreas Lang, Dan Fallu, Mark Roberts, David Jacques, Lisa Snape, Chiara Bahl, Kristof Van Oost, Pengzhi Zhao, Paolo Tarolli, Sara Cucchiaro, Kevin Walsh, Antony Brown","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.6","url":null,"abstract":"Lynchets, often the defining component of historic agricultural landscapes in northern Europe, are generally associated with soft-limestone geologies and are particularly well developed on loess-mantled landscapes. To understand their formation and chronology, the authors present their geoarchaeological analyses of lynchet soils and loess deposits at Blick Mead and Charlton Forest in southern England, and Sint Martens-Voeren in Belgium. The lynchets date from the late prehistoric to the medieval periods and were constructed by plough action at the English sites, and by both cut-and-fill and ploughing in Belgium. This has resulted in the preservation of highly fertile loessic soils across chalk slopes, lost elsewhere. Although each example is associated with local/regional agricultural histories, the lynchets’ effective soil-retention capacities allowed them to survive as important heritage features with environmental benefits over millennia.","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Racial Discourses in Aegean Prehistory c. 1900: The Case of the Cupbearer Fresco at Knossos 约 1900 年爱琴海史前时期的种族论述：克诺索斯的持杯人壁画案例
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.3
Anne Duray
{"title":"Racial Discourses in Aegean Prehistory c. 1900: The Case of the Cupbearer Fresco at Knossos","authors":"Anne Duray","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces characterizations of the Cupbearer fresco, named after the large vessel the figure holds and uncovered at the site of Knossos in 1900, in light of the research agendas about the ‘races’ of the prehistoric Aegean and traditions of racial science current in late Victorian Britain. The head of the Cupbearer was compared to Classical Greek art, modern Cretan populations, and cranial remains from prehistoric contexts. Drawing from academic publications, articles in the press, and reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the author situates the discourse surrounding the Cupbearer in the context of scholars seeking the origins of ‘European’ civilization in prehistory, and the creation of racial typologies, especially using cranial measurements and photography. The Cupbearer gained a dual status as a racial portrait comparable to past and present human populations, but also as a work of art that prefigured the later achievements of Classical Greece.","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Iron Age Connectivity Revealed by an Assemblage of Egyptian Faience in Central Iberia 伊比利亚中部的埃及彩陶组合揭示了铁器时代的连通性
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.1
Linda Chapon, Juan Jesús Padilla-Fernández, Alberto Dorado-Alejos, Antonio Blanco-González
{"title":"Iron Age Connectivity Revealed by an Assemblage of Egyptian Faience in Central Iberia","authors":"Linda Chapon, Juan Jesús Padilla-Fernández, Alberto Dorado-Alejos, Antonio Blanco-González","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research concerning transactions in the early first millennium <span>bc</span> in the westernmost Mediterranean has tended to focus on colonial coastlands occupied by scattered Levantine outposts, whereas cross-cultural interactions in hinterland regions have remained ill-defined. This article presents an assemblage of Egyptian vitreous artefacts, namely beads, a Hathor amulet, and further items from the seventh-century <span>bc</span> rural village of Cerro de San Vicente (Salamanca) in the interior of Spain. Macroscopic and chemical analyses demonstrate their likely manufacture in Egypt during the Middle and New Kingdom (second millennium <span>bc</span>), attesting to a far-reaching Phoenician maritime network that connected both ends of the Mediterranean. The authors interpret the items as liturgical objects, rather than mere high-status trinkets, that formed part of a widely shared Mediterranean world view and associated ritual mores. They consider the impact of cultural syncretism, which reached even remote and allegedly isolated peripheral settings in Iberia.</p>","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings 旧石器时代的纹身：蒂罗尔冰人身体纹饰的历史和实验评估
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.5
Aaron Deter-Wolf, Benoît Robitaille, Danny Riday, Aurélien Burlot, Maya Sialuk Jacobsen
{"title":"Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings","authors":"Aaron Deter-Wolf, Benoît Robitaille, Danny Riday, Aurélien Burlot, Maya Sialuk Jacobsen","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2024.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2024.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Tyrolean ice mummy known as Ötzi presents some of the earliest direct evidence of tattooing in the human past. Despite decades of study, it remains unclear how the Iceman's tattoos were created and what tools and methods were used. Popular discussions of the Iceman describe his tattoos as having been made by incision, first cutting the skin and then rubbing in pigment from the surface. The authors review the scholarly literature on the Iceman's tattoos and summarize ethnographic, historic, and anthropological research on global patterns of tattooing to contextualize the Iceman's marks within pre-electric tattooing traditions. The results of recent experimental tattooing studies are then compared to the physical signature of the Iceman's marks to evaluate existing claims and provide informed hypotheses as to how those tattoos were created.</p>","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140115182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tools of Different Trades? Merging Skill Sets in Metalworking at Viking Age Kaupang 不同行业的工具？维京时代考邦金属加工技能组合的融合
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
European Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.42
Jessica Leigh McGraw, Axel Mjærum
{"title":"Tools of Different Trades? Merging Skill Sets in Metalworking at Viking Age Kaupang","authors":"Jessica Leigh McGraw, Axel Mjærum","doi":"10.1017/eaa.2023.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2023.42","url":null,"abstract":"In Old Norse poetic literature, the <jats:italic>smiðr</jats:italic> was a master of the arts, able to control and shape multiple materials into various kinds of objects. While the mythological <jats:italic>smiðr</jats:italic> has been regarded as separate from the real-world blacksmiths and metalworkers of gold, silver, and copper alloys, the archaeological evidence recovered in towns and workshops of the Viking Age, as well as medieval written sources, provide a different perspective. In 2015, a hitherto unknown, well-preserved workshop was excavated in the Viking town of Kaupang in Norway, containing evidence of complex metalworking requiring the skills of blacksmiths and workers of soft metals. In this article, the authors venture beyond the Old Norse myths, into the world of the proficient smiths as multi-crafters and their tools of the trade.","PeriodicalId":46261,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Archaeology","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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