Geographia Polonica最新文献

{"title":"Are medium-sized cities strong nodes in the settlement system? Demographic trends of Italian provincial capitals from 2000 to the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Clerici","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0240","url":null,"abstract":"Medium-sized cities are an important component of the settlement system and are often described as a joining link between urban and rural areas. However, in recent decades they have been impacted by growing competition from large cities which have tremendous appeal for the post-Fordist economy and for various segments of the population. This paper analyses the demographic trajectories of 99 medium-sized cities in Italy with provincial capital status, from the beginning of the twenty-first century to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Over a twenty-year period marked by many difficulties for the Italian economy in an international context, what has the demographic performance of these cities been? The research addresses two areas. On the one hand, it analyses the demographic vitality of the provincial capitals compared to the metropolitan centres; on the other, it follows the redistribution of populations in the provincial capitals’ urban areas, which coincide with the employment areas (Sistemi locali del lavoro). Significant behavioural discontinuities emerge between the decade of 2000-2010 and the following decade, which was characterised by a gradual recovery after the shock of the Great Recession. The picture was changed further by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, persistent differences between the medium-sized cities of Northern and Southern Italy stand out, but so do new internal divisions within the country, reframing this historical dualism.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Covid-19 pandemic influenced air quality in Polish cities – lessons from three lockdowns","authors":"K. Lindner-Cendrowska, Kamil Leziak, P. Bröde","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0235","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine how COVID-19 pandemic influenced air quality in the chosen Polish cities. Data on nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides, fine and coarse particulate matter concentrations from air quality monitoring stations was used to compare pollutants levels during the pandemic and in the 5-year pre-pandemic period. The impact of the pandemic on the air quality has been analysed using linear mixed effect models, adjusting for long-term, seasonal and weekly trends and meteorological conditions. Results showed that during the pandemic, until the second lockdown only nitrogen oxides levels were significantly reduced (up to 20%), while when again loosening restrictions the rebound effect led to 20-30% increase of all analysed pollutants.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71236144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continental-scale monthly thermal anomalies in Europe during the years 1951-2018 and their occurrence in relation to atmospheric circulation","authors":"R. Twardosz, Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0228","url":null,"abstract":"This study determines the frequency, location and spatial extent of such large-area monthly thermal anomalies, which are referred to in this paper as continental-scale thermal anomalies (CTAs). The research was based on monthly mean air temperature values from 210 weather stations over the 68-year period 1951-2018. A CTA is defined as an anomaly when the monthly mean temperature exceeded the long-term average by at least 2 standard deviations at a minimum of 40 stations. This study attempts to explain the occurrence of such CTAs (negative CTAs- and positive CTAs+) in relation to the circulation conditions over Europe. In the years 1951-2018, there were 16 CTAs- (mainly in winter and autumn) and 25 CTAs+ (predominantly in summer). One manifestation of climate warming is the ever less frequent occurrence of CTAs- and a growing frequency and spatial extent of CTAs+. The immediate cause behind CTAs was the occurrence of characteristic synoptic situations, leading to intensified advection of cold or hot air masses, often driven by radiation factors. The formation of CTAs- was much more often associated with very extensive and long-lasting anticyclonic systems, and that the associated synoptic situations over Europe lasted much longer than in the case of CTAs+.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of selected esthetical and economical landscape valorisation methods and assessments","authors":"Maria Młodzianowska-Synowiec","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0227","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities have brought major changes to landscape, as a result of the expansion of settlements, and other activities. The need to valorise the landscape for the requirements of current and future activities results from the more and more limited space, which in itself becomes an important resource, which should be properly valorised and then shaped. The literature presents a wide variety of landscape valorisation and assessment methods used for various aspects of economic or scientific purposes. However, there is no universal method. This review article summarises selected diverse methods used for valorisation, assessment and economic valuation of the landscape.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological challenges of regional research on tourist traffic. A proposal for a systemic solution for the Podkarpackie Province","authors":"K. Szpara, Beata Gierczak-Korzeniowska, M. Stopa","doi":"10.7163/GPol.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0231","url":null,"abstract":"Research on tourist traffic is a major methodological challenge because a potential respondent is on the move and difficult to capture. There is a need to identify both tourists and one-day visitors. It is important to know motives for their arrival, forms of their stay, assessments of individual components of the tourist offer or consumer loyalty. In 2020, the Podkarpackie Province resumed the idea of regional research on tourist traffic. The aim of this article is to present the methodology of cyclical research of tourist traffic in the Podkarpackie Province. It uses the experience gained during the pilot studies conducted in 2020. The methodology and measurement tool contribute to the standardisation of tourism research in Poland at the provincial level. The proposed solutions activate and integrate various environments into the development of tourism in the region. They allow observation of changes in the structure of tourist traffic and evolution of tourists’ opinions and expectations. On the other hand, they are flexible in order to respond to changes in tourism. The solutions suggested in the methodology are to provide comprehensive and unique data which will facilitate an effective tourism policy at the regional level and can be used by businesses in the tourist industry","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71236261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel multiproxy approach to detect the impact of charcoal production on the natural environment in NW Poland – project concept and preliminary results","authors":"T. Ważny, Krzysztof Szewczyk, Dominika Łuców, Dominik Róg, M. Słowiński, Michał Konopski, B. Kruczkowska, J. Jonczak, Barbara Gmińska-Nowak, A. Noryśkiewicz, E. Kołaczkowska, Sebastian Tyszkowski, Paweł Swoboda, A. Chojnacka, D. Brykała, A. Kowalska, Vincenzo Barbarino, Cezary Kardasz, M. Niedzielski, A. Halaś, M. Kramkowski, Tomasz Związek, Sandra Słowińska, A. Mroczkowska, M. Obremska","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0233","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture has been the major driver of deforestation in Europe in the last 1000 years. In the past, forests were also exploited for charcoal production; however, the spatial scale/extent of this activity and its impact are unknown. LIDAR data can be used as a noninvasive tool to investigate the small-scale diversity of the land relief, including forested areas. These data can reveal the extent anthropogenic modifications of topography present-day as well as in the past. One of the activities that can be analyzed based on LIDAR data is spatial distribution of charcoal production. A preliminary LIDAR data analysis indicated the intensity of this practice and its potential impact on the natural environment. This prompted us to analyze the environmental impact of charcoal hearths in northern Poland. As it turned out, this topic exceeded the scope of earth sciences and became a transdisciplinary one. In this work, we will use the research methods typical of biogeography, dendroecology, paleoecology, soil science, biology, botany, history, onomastics, as well as art history, in order to thoroughly understand not only the natural consequences but also the social and economic consequences of charcoal production. This paper presents the assumptions of our project, the research methodology, and the preliminary results. We have identified using LIDAR data more than 73 thousand relief forms which can be remnants of charcoal hearths. Our preliminary results confirmed large scale impact of past human activity related to charcoal production and suitability of the methods used for detecting and reconstructing charcoal hearths as well as determining the distribution and magnitude of past forest use for charcoal production in NW Poland.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71236278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a quantitative reconstruction of lake trophic state in temperate lakes using subfossil cladocera and diatoms: Composition of a training set from NE Poland","authors":"Izabela Zawiska, M. Woszczyk, M. Rzodkiewicz","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0234","url":null,"abstract":"We present a training set, the database involving physical-chemical water parameters together with the subfossil Cladocera and diatoms community composition in the surface sediments of 64 postglacial lakes in NE Poland sampled along a wide trophic gradient (from oligo- to highly eutrophic). The most important water parameters measured in water were chlorophyll-a, electrical conductivity (EC) and oxygen concentration. In addition, total phosphorus (TP) and Secchi depth (SD) were determined for the surface water layer. The data collected will be used to calculate a transfer-function for quantitative reconstruction of trophic state in freshwater temperate lakes.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71236137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term analysis of thermal comfort conditions during heat waves in Ukraine","authors":"O. Shevchenko, S. Snizhko, S. Zapototskyi, H. Svintsitska, Mariia Matviienko, A. Matzarakis","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0226","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is assessment of thermal comfort conditions during heat waves in Ukraine in the years 1961-2015. The assessment is based on the thermal index Physiologically Equivalent Temperature. This study uses data from 29 meteorological stations across Ukraine. The research showed an increasing frequency of occurrence of heat waves (HWs) in the territory of Ukraine in the last decades. East and south Ukraine (except of coastal stations) experienced the most strenuous human-biometeorological conditions whilst HWs were recorded in the country. Lower mean PET values were found in Western region of the country. The obtained results suggest that the HW event of 2010 was the longest and the most strenuous HW in human-biometeorological terms since 1961.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial patterns and time-accessibility of supplier network of the automotive industry in Slovakia","authors":"J. Rusnák, Pavol Ďurček, Milan Takáč, Kristián Óvári","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0232","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the spatial pattern of the supply network of the automotive industry according to the time-accessibility to four car assembly plants in Slovakia. Empirical results are anchored in the spatial concept of integrated periphery and theoretical framework of the nested structure. We obtained the data after a personal meeting with the General Secretary of the Association of the Automotive Industry in Slovakia. The database contains a list of 313 suppliers of different levels. We assume that with increasing distance from automobile assembly plants and decreasing level of the supply network, the geographical concentration of the supply network will become lower. Our results confirm the assumption that tier-1 suppliers are located closer to assembly plants with higher geographical concentration compared to bottom suppliers‘ levels. On the other hand, these spatial patterns change when we consider a regional production system of the automotive industry that reaches beyond the national territory scale (e.g., KIA) or a launch of a new car assembly plant (JLR) arriving into a developed environment with an existing network of suppliers.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71236269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of the AdH hydrodynamic model on the Włocławek Reservoir","authors":"M. Tutro, P. Hachaj, Monika Szlapa, P. Gierszewski, M. Habel, Włodzimierz Juśkiewicz, Natalia Mączka","doi":"10.7163/gpol.0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0241","url":null,"abstract":"The variation of water velocity in an artificial dam reservoir is influenced not only by the inflow discharge, but also by the bathymetry of the reservoir and the water level at the dam. The depiction of spatially complex variations in flow velocity through a reservoir would not be possible without the use of hydrodynamic models. A reliable hydrodynamic model of the reservoir is an effective tool for predicting and analyzing changes in the reservoir geoecosystem in an age of changing climate and risk of water stress. A depth-averaged two-dimensional AdH model was used to visualize the hydrodynamics of the Włocławek Reservoir. Running the model for eight different hydrological conditions delivered consistent results and allowed to calibrate the model parameters. Additionally, it provided a way to verify the data regarding the rating curve of the Vistula River upstream the reservoir.","PeriodicalId":46250,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}