IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms can persist long after acute infection: a 2-year prospective study of biobehavioral risk factors and psychometric outcomes.","authors":"Marco Colizzi, Carla Comacchio, Maria De Martino, Maddalena Peghin, Giulia Bontempo, Stefania Chiappinotto, Federico Fonda, Miriam Isola, Carlo Tascini, Matteo Balestrieri, Alvisa Palese","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2023.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2023.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms 2 years after the COVID-19 acute phase and to identify biobehavioral risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 2-year prospective study assessed adult individuals with COVID-19 via face-to-face interview and laboratory testing at onset, and via telephone interview at 2-year follow-up. Data collected included COVID-19 severity and management at onset, as well as depression, anxiety, insomnia, cognitive failure, and fatigue at follow-up using standardized assessment tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,067 screened COVID-19 patients, 230 completed the 2-year follow-up (female, 53.5%; aged>40, 80.9%; native Italian, 94.9%; medical comorbidity, 53.5%; chronic medication, 46.3%; moderate to severe COVID-19, 24.9%; hospital admission, 28.7%; ICU, 5.2%). At follow-up, 9.1% had anxiety, 11.3% depression, 9.1% insomnia, 18.3% cognitive failure, and 39.1% fatigue, of clinical relevance. Headache (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.01-6.16, <i>p</i> = 0.048), dyspnea (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.03-6.31, <i>p</i> = 0.043), and number of symptoms (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.01-1.51, <i>p</i> = 0.047) at onset were associated with anxiety at follow-up; dyspnea at onset was associated with depression at follow-up (OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.22-6.41, <i>p</i> = 0.015); number of comorbidities at onset was associated with insomnia at follow-up (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.06-2.08, <i>p</i> = 0.022); female gender (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.14-5.00, <i>p</i> = 0.020) and number of symptoms (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02-1.42, <i>p</i> = 0.026) at onset was associated with cognitive failure at follow-up; number of comorbidities (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.03-1.73, <i>p</i> = 0.029) and symptoms (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04-1.37, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and raised interleukin 6 levels <i>(</i>OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.42-11.36, <i>p</i> = 0.009) at onset was associated with fatigue at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 survivors, especially if female, with preexisting health problems, and with a more severe acute phase, may present with long-lasting neuropsychiatric sequalae, urging interventions to sustain recovery particularly in these higher risk individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of badmouthing of medical specialties to medical students.","authors":"Dylan Viani Walsh, Niamh Murphy, Shane Evans, Kieran C Murphy, Allys Guerandel, Anne M Doherty, Brian Hallahan, John Lally","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2023.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2023.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of Irish medical students exposed to 'badmouthing' of different specialities and to ascertain: the degree of criticism of specialities based on the seniority of clinical or academic members of staff; if 'badmouthing' influenced student career choice in psychiatry; and attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry as a speciality and career choice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical students in three Irish universities were invited to complete an online survey to determine the frequency and effect of non-constructive criticism on choice of medical specialty. The online questionnaire was distributed to Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), University of Galway (UoG) and University College Dublin (UCD) in the academic year 2020-2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>General practice (69%), surgery (65%) and psychiatry (50%) were the most criticised specialties. Criticism was most likely to be heard from medical students. 46% of students reported reconsidering a career in psychiatry due to criticism from junior doctors. There was a positive perception of psychiatry with 27% of respondents considering psychiatry as a first-choice specialty.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Criticism of psychiatry by doctors, academics and student peers negatively influences students' career choice, which could be contributing to recruitment difficulties in psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HHC-induced psychosis: a case series of psychotic illness triggered by a widely available semisynthetic cannabinoid.","authors":"Brian O'Mahony, Andrew O'Malley, Olan Kerrigan, Colm McDonald","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Use of both cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids has been regularly linked to the development of psychotic illness. Thus, semisynthetic cannabinoids such as hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), which have a similar neurobiological profile to delta-9-THC, may also be expected to lead to psychotic illness. However, no such relationship has yet been reported in scientific literature. HHC is readily available online and in many vape shops in Ireland. Here, we present two cases of psychotic illness which appear to have been precipitated by use of legally purchased HHC and discuss its psychotogenic role and factors linked to its current widespread availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Service evaluation of an embedded Early Intervention in Psychosis programme.","authors":"Paula Connolly, Cornelia Carey, John Staunton, Bridget Harney, Liah Chambers, Ana-Maria Clarke, Patrick McLaughlin, Kathy Kerins, Katrina Kearney, Peter Whitty","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2023.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2023.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An average of 1300 adults develop First Episode Psychosis (FEP) in Ireland each year. Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) is now widely accepted as best practice in the treatment of conditions such as schizophrenia. A local EIP programme was established in the Dublin South Central Mental Health Service in 2012.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study of service users presenting to the Dublin South Central Mental Health Service with FEP from 2016 to 2022 following the introduction of the EIP programme. We compared this to a previously published retrospective study of treatment as usual from 2002 to 2012.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most service users in this study were male, single, unemployed and living with their partner or spouse across both time periods. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis was provided to 12% (<i>n</i> = 8) of service users pre-EIP as compared to 52% (<i>n</i> = 30) post-programme introduction (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and 3% (<i>n</i> = 2) of service users engaged with behavioural family therapy pre-EIP as opposed to 15% (<i>n</i> = 9) after (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Rates of composite baseline physical healthcare monitoring improved significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exclusive allocation of multidisciplinary team staff to EIP leads to improved compliance with recommended guidelines, particularly CBT-p, formal family therapy and physical health monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of rate and methods of probable suicide for 2 years pre and post the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"D Mannix, L Holleran, P Cevikel, C McMorrow, D Nerney, S Phelan, C McDonald, B Hallahan","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2023.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2023.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine and compare rates and methods of probable suicide in a Western region of Ireland during a 24 month period since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with a similar period immediately prior to the pandemic onset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Post-mortem reports between March 1^st 2018 and February 29^th 2020 were reviewed and compared with data from March 1^st 2020 to February 28^th 2022. Relevant demographic data, rates and methods of probable suicide and lifetime engagement with mental health services were compared across the two time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Identical rates of probable suicide (85 individuals at both time points) were demonstrated with no difference evident in the utilisation of violent compared to non-violent methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that despite previous reports of increased rates of self-harm and some evidence of increased mental distress since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, no change in rates of or methods employed by individuals who died by probable suicide were evident in this geographical region.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a community-based intervention for youth mental health in rural Ireland.","authors":"Emma Corley, Ellen Moran, Caroline Heary, Peadar Gardiner, Gary Donohoe","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2023.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2023.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to provide information about pathways to care and clinical response to community-based brief interventions for improving youth mental health through evaluating the Mindspace Mayo service.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 1,184 individuals aged 12-25 years (Mean = 17.92, SD = 2.66) who engaged with the Mindspace service. Demographic information included gender, age and living situation. The <i>Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation</i> (CORE) was used to measure psychological distress before and after attending the Mindspace service between February 2015 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, individuals received six sessions of therapeutic support. Analyses indicated that most referrals were made by either a parent (40%) or self-referral (38%). The most frequent reason for referral was mood and anxiety-related issues. Across the entire sample, reductions in CORE scores were both statistically and clinically significant. Neither the source of the referral nor living situation significantly predicted intervention response. Complexity of issues presented at referral significantly predicted a reduction in psychological distress post-intervention in young people aged over 17 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted the value of primary care mental health services for young people aged 12-25 years, and underlined the importance of recording electronic data to track referral pathways, reasons for referral and the intervention outcomes over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a new Perinatal Mental Health Service in a University Maternity Hospital.","authors":"C Cooney, N Kennedy, A Doherty, M Shipsey, S W Lindow, C Hinds","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2023.18","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ipm.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Services (SPMHS) are a new development in Ireland. This service evaluation examined the impact of the introduction of a SPMHS multidisciplinary team (MDT) on prescribing practices and treatment pathways in an Irish maternity hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical charts were reviewed to collect data on all referrals, diagnoses, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions delivered in a SPMHS over a 3-week period in 2019. The findings were compared to the same 3-week period in 2020 following the expansion of the SPMHS MDT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019 (<i>n</i> = 32) and 2020 (<i>n</i> = 47), most (75 and 79%, respectively) assessments were antenatal. The proportion of patients prescribed psychotropic medication within the SPMHS was not significantly different from 2019 (31%) to 2020 (23%), though more patients were already prescribed psychotropic medications at the time of referral (22% in 2019 <i>v.</i> 36% in 2020). There was an increase in MDT interventions in 2020 with more input from psychology, clinical nurse specialist (CNS), and social work intervention. Adherence to prescribing standards improved from 2019 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prescribing patterns remained unchanged between 2019 and 2020. Improvement was observed in adherence to prescribing standards and there was increased provision of MDT interventions in 2020. Broader diagnostic categories were also used in 2020, possibly suggesting that the service is now providing more individualized care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"588-591"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9527221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertile ground: reproductive health consideration in mental health ward policy.","authors":"E McGuire, C Curtis, R M Duffy","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2020.27","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ipm.2020.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Women of childbearing age often experience mental health problems, receive psychotropic medication and are admitted to mental health units. Approximately 40% of pregnancies are unplanned and many women experience perinatal mental health problems. It is therefore vital that consideration is given to reproductive health in mental health policy. We aimed to evaluate the consideration of pregnancy and breastfeeding in the policies of an inpatient mental health service.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The policies of a regional inpatient psychiatric unit were independently reviewed by two researchers. Policies that had implications for pregnancy and breastfeeding for patients were identified. Whether or not these policies considered pregnancy and breastfeeding and the detail of this consideration was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and thirteen policies were evaluated. Forty had implications for pregnancy but only 10 of these mentioned pregnancy and only 3 in detail. Only 3 of the 28 policies that had relevance to breastfeeding mothers mentioned it and none discussed it in detail. Key areas of omission included prescribing, seclusion and restraint and cultural and religious considerations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregnancy and breastfeeding were almost entirely absent in the ward policies of our inpatient unit. Their consideration in the acute setting is vital. An individual or group of individuals should be responsible for ensuring that reproductive health is considered in all policies as well as in a larger specific policy suitable for referencing. The rights of the reproductive woman should be comprehensively considered in inpatient mental health care policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"571-576"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38198269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of a training course to enhance intellectual disability awareness amongst law enforcement officers: a pilot study.","authors":"Gautam Gulati, Alan Cusack, Valerie Murphy, Brendan D Kelly, Shane Kilcommins, Colum P Dunne","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2021.80","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ipm.2021.80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Disability awareness training is mandated by the United Nations Convention on People with Disabilities (UNCRPD), but there is a paucity of evidence regarding the systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of such training. This study describes the evaluation of a pilot intellectual disability awareness programme for law enforcement officers (LEOs) in Ireland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre-and post-training Likert scales and a semi-structured survey were used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intellectual disabilities awareness programme delivered to LEOs. Quantitative differences in Likert scores and thematic analyses of practice-based responses were used in evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two LEOs participated in the training and 11 completed the evaluation cycle. Statistically significant improvements were found in participants' self-rated knowledge of intellectual disability, their understanding of the challenges faced by people with intellectual disabilities in law enforcement interactions, their communication skills and their knowledge of how to approach a person with a disability in crisis. Thematic analysis excavated potential practical application of learning around pre-arrest considerations, recognition of disability, communication skills and need for procedural safeguards.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An approach grounded in the views of people with intellectual disabilities and with emphasis on recognition of disability, communication, accessibility of information and providing appropriate support in custody, appears to promote improvement in self-reported knowledge and prospective application in LEOs. The findings of this study are potentially applicable to countries that have ratified the UNCRPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"629-633"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39941134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online news media reporting of ketamine as a treatment for depression from 2000 to 2017.","authors":"Bronagh Gallagher, Aaron Neiman, Marie-Claire Slattery, Declan M McLoughlin","doi":"10.1017/ipm.2021.47","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ipm.2021.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Since the first reporting of ketamine's antidepressant effects in 2000, there has been growing public interest in this novel rapid-acting treatment for depression despite its abuse potential. Online media is an increasingly popular way for the general public to source information. Our objective was to examine how online news outlets have portrayed ketamine as an antidepressant by ascertaining the volume and content of relevant articles and trends over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this semi-quantitative study, we identified articles regarding ketamine's use in depression from the 30 most popular English-language online news-generating sources over 18 years (2000-2017). Articles were then blindly assessed by 2 independent raters, who analysed the texts by quantifying the presence/absence of 12 content items.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 97 articles, the number of which has increased since the first online news report in 2006. Most (69%) came from the USA and nearly all correctly stated the indications for ketamine. About half of the most recent articles mentioned abuse potential and 27% of articles referred to risks of unregulated use of ketamine. Just under 20% of articles referred to the lack of evidence regarding direct comparisons between ketamine and other currently available antidepressants. There was no difference in the overall level of detail within the articles during the study time period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Online news media articles have been generally positive about ketamine for treating depression but need to be interpreted with caution as many of them did not discuss negative aspects of ketamine and made unsubstantiated claims about ketamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":46220,"journal":{"name":"IRISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE","volume":" ","pages":"607-615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39057153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}