History and Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Past the canal: An anthropology of maritime passages","authors":"Elisabeth Schober, H. Leivestad","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2066093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2066093","url":null,"abstract":"On a normal day, an average of 50 + ships pass through the Suez Canal. The journey through this connecting point between Asia and Europe usually takes a vessel between 12and 16 h. The 23rd of March 2021, however, would prove to be a day out of the ordinary: the passage of the Ever Given, an ultra-large container ship, came to a halt when strong winds steered the vessel sideways, lodging it into the sandy banks of the narrowwaterway. Operated by a Taiwanese shipping company, sailing under the Panama flag, and on its way from China to Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the Ever Given was amongst the worst contenders for an accident of this kind: with a holding capacity of up to 20,000 twenty foot freight containers (TEUs), it ranks among the world’s largest container vessels. Indeed, despite the massive efforts made by the Canal Authority, the Ever Given would not move; with the queue of waiting ships growing to more than 300 by the time the salvage operation finally succeeded after six long days. In the meantime, the unexpected canal obstruction caused an estimated loss of 400 million US Dollars per hour to the world economy (Vlamis 2021). During the days of the frantic mission to release the ship from the Canal’s banks, the vessel had not only brought maritime traffic between Asia and Europe to a temporary halt. It also sparked unprecedented public interest in contemporary maritime transportation and the global histories behind it. In an effort to steer these conversations into anthropological terrain, we put forward a collection of short essays that focuses onmaritime passages, their interruptions, and on the multifaceted figures that accompany them. The passage, in its most dominant meaning, refers to a path, movement, or channel, which is often, but not always, of the oceanic kind, as the reflections ofWalter Benjamin on the concrete, and land-based urban Passagen (that is arcades) also attest to (Benjamin 2002). Secondly, in figurative speech, ‘the passage of time’ refers to the unstoppable elapsing of minutes, days, and years, which are pictured as gradually flowing away from us. This temporal dimension of ‘passage’ is equally as relevant to our argument around the Suez Canal’s temporary closure. And finally, a passage can refer to a brief composition, both of a written and musical nature – a condensed genre which we also aspire towards in the short interventions presented. The Canal’s obstruction, and the global public attention it received, represents an extraordinary accident-turned-spectacle. While most maritime accidents occur outside","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88354178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dredger","authors":"A. Carse","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2066096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2066096","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dredging of navigable waterways is a critical but often overlooked precondition for global trade. Focusing on the figure of “the dredger”—which can refer to a machine that excavates underwater sediment or a person who does that work—this short article links the modern maritime industry, colonial expansion, and terracentric anthropological thought. I argue that the figure of the dredger is useful for understanding the collective geological agency of humanity.","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78841465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ship","authors":"J. Markkula","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2066097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2066097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When Ever Given, one of the world’s largest container ships, ran aground and blocked the Suez Canal for six days in March 2021, it dramatically brought to light the fragile dependency of global trade on maritime infrastructures. It also drew attention to ships as actors within this global system of mobility. In this article, I centre on the figure of the ship to reflect on maritime passages and blockages and the particular forms of sociality that emerge through them. Drawing on ethnography from onboard container ships, I explore how crews interact with various actors, such as authorities, pilots, boatmen and peddlers, who, at times facilitate, at times obstruct, ships’ passages. Through this ethnographic lens, I make visible the intersecting dynamics of mobility and immobility, flow and friction, and connection and isolation that permeate the Suez Canal and the contemporary maritime, and which shape the social worlds on and around ships.","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75243688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interethnic relations in Toro: Some issues","authors":"Axel Alfssøn Sommerfelt","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2034626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2034626","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper was written in Norwegian in 1967 for the symposium, organized by Fredrik Barth, that led to the publication of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries in 1969. My paper was never submitted for publication, however, and the present text is a direct translation of the original manuscript. It explores ethnic processes in Uganda before independence, from the point of view of a group under domination, and strategies adopted by the ethnic Konzo minority vis a vis the Toro in the Bwamba area. In accordance with the doctrine of indirect rule, the British administration had given the Toro extensive freedoms to legally and politically control the entire Kingdom of Toro, including the minority Konzo and Amba groups. Early attempts among Konzo of assimilation into Toro society in order to access economic and political resources failed, largely due to Toro exclusiveness. I argue that this failure led to a further accentuation of ethnic boundaries. These processes precede the later rebellions against Toro rule, which flared up in Ruwenzori after independence. My paper brings attention to the ways in which political subordination shapes ethnic dynamics.","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87519404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘This stuff speaks to me’: Settler materiality, identity and nationalism among collectors of Native American material culture","authors":"Sonja Dobroski","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2037583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2037583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85171143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biographic foreword to Axel Sommerfelt’s 1967 paper – from a daughter’s point of view","authors":"Tone Sommerfelt","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2034625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2034625","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Axel Sommerfelt’s paper for the symposium organized by Fredrik Barth ahead of the publication of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries is given a broader readership in this issue. This biography provides some background to the perspectival differences between Axel Sommerfelt and Barth, that revolve around issues of political inequality, experience and historicity. Axel Sommerfelt shared Barth’s anti-essentialist view on ethnicity, but did not fully embrace the instrumentalist underpinnings of Barth’s perspective. He was theoretically influenced by the Manchester school, and directed attention to political domination from the point of view of the dominated, a focus that grew out of his ethnography from Ruwenzori in Uganda. Judicial institutions constituted an important arena for the negotiation of ethnic boundaries, and specifically, Toro-Konzo relations were partly shaped in judicial contexts that Toro controlled, under British protectorate supervision. His interest in resistance was also influenced by his upbringing in Norway during Nazi occupation.","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83535721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little Mecca in Canton: representations and resurgences of the graveyard of Sa’d ibn Abī Waqqās","authors":"J. Jeong","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2038593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2038593","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tomb of Sa'd ibn Abī Waqqās, a Companion of the Prophet Muhammad mythologized to have as having been buried in Canton, has attracted pilgrims from across China and beyond for the past three centuries. The repertoire on Abī Waqqās, an arriver from Mecca buried in Canton, is intriguing less for its factual veracity than the its manifold afterlives of the personage. This paper expands the scope of existing scholarship on Islam in China by directing attention to the previously unexamined textual corpus – stele inscriptions, imperial geographic surveys, mosque records, print periodicals, and recent unofficial historical surveys that date between from the fourteenth century and to the present. Transported between different mediums, Abī Waqqās as an ancestral figure has provided a powerful regenerative force for Chinese Muslims' historical consciousness that unfolds through a circular rather than linear time, and incorporates distant geographies without physical mobility. Moving beyond the textual realm, repetitions of the narrative materialized into a cemetery – a focal point that has mediated long-distance travels and donation networks; absorbed hybrid religious rituals ranging from ancestor worship grave rituals to dhikr practices; and capitalized on the Chinese state’s rhetoric of silk roads diplomacy. By unearthing rediscoveries of a symbolic figure through tides of time, the article shows how a supposedly unscientific myth narrativized conceptions of dual homes, here and elsewhere, and further established a regional Islamic hub, or a “little Mecca” in coastal China.","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72514294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentiality in crisis: Making and living the potential in Angola’s boom and bust","authors":"Paolo Gaibazzi","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2037584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2037584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75322881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unpublished contribution to Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: ‘Interethnic relations in Toro’ by Axel Sommerfelt","authors":"M. Jakoubek","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2034627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2034627","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the most cited anthropological books, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference (Barth, Fredrik, ed. 1969a. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget) is an output of the symposium held in Bergen in 1967. Eleven participants took part in the symposium and eleven papers were discussed. The book, however, consists, apart from Barth's prodigious ‘Introduction’, of only seven chapters. Four papers remained unpublished. One of these unpublished contributions is ‘Inter-etniske relasjoner i Toro’ (‘Interethnic relations in Toro’) by Axel Sommerfelt. In 2019, the year of 50th anniversary of publishing Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, Sommerfelt's manuscript was disinterred from oblivion. The text presents an outline of a background of Sommerfelt's research in Western Uganda from 1958 to 1960, on which it is based, and a discussion of its terminological and conceptual point of view, with a special attention to key shift from ‘tribe’ to ‘ethnic group’. In the last part, a kind of counterfactual Ethnic Groups and Boundaries are presented, i.e. what Ethnic Groups and Boundaries might have looked like if Axel Sommerfelt's chapter had been included in the original book.","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73367023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pastoralism’s distributive ruse: Extractivism, financialization, Indigenous labour and a rightful share in Northern Australia","authors":"C. Dalley","doi":"10.1080/02757206.2022.2034622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2034622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46201,"journal":{"name":"History and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79801076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}