Pacific Accounting Review最新文献

{"title":"The effects of concession timing, perceived fairness and aggressiveness on tax negotiation offers","authors":"Yuen Hoong Voon, Anna Che Azmi, S. Jayasingam","doi":"10.1108/par-07-2020-0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-07-2020-0099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to examine the consequences of tax authorities’ use of concession-timing negotiation strategies on tax practitioners and their final proposed offers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This is an experimental study conducted on tax practitioners using a design of 2 × 1, varying the tax authorities’ negotiation strategy (i.e. concession-gradual and concession-end strategies) across two levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The concessionary negotiation strategies adopted by tax authorities influence tax practitioners’ final proposed offers, their perceptions of fairness (i.e. distributive justice and procedural justice) and their aggressiveness of stance in tax audit negotiations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This experimental study contributes to existing research on tax authority-tax practitioner negotiation models used during tax audits by providing the first evidence that concession timing matters. The study extends the negotiation model to include tax aggressiveness as a new variable and examines the indirect roles of fairness and offers in tax audit negotiations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and the changing landscape of accounting: a viewpoint","authors":"John Kommunuri","doi":"10.1108/par-06-2021-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-06-2021-0107","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The study aims to explore the changing landscape of accounting and the role of emerging technologies in the accounting environment. The author presents viewpoints on the influence of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and other subsets in accounting, emphasising the increasing need for and significance of these applications. The viewpoints could provide researchers and practitioners with a meaningful overview of knowledge and research agenda.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The role of emerging technologies in accounting and various opportunities and challenges in implementation are discussed. In addition, possible future research directions are identified.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>The paper does not contain empirical findings.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This paper expresses the author’s viewpoints regarding the impact of AI and ML on the changing accounting environment.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":"139 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) past, present and future: critical reflections and a research agenda on sustainability reporting (standard-setting)","authors":"C. de Villiers, Matteo La Torre, M. Molinari","doi":"10.1108/par-02-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-02-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to reflect on the future of sustainability reporting standards by examining the current practical initiatives and the Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) position in the arena of non-financial and sustainability reporting and identifies avenues for future research.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A critical reflection and analysis of research on the GRI’s achievements and the influence of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation’s initiative to develop global sustainability reporting standards.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The GRI has a dominant position in sustainability reporting standard-setting related to the provision of information about the influence of reporting organisations on society and the natural environment. The IFRS Foundation’s initiative to enter the sustainability reporting standard-setting arena, although from the perspective of providing information to investors regarding the influence of society and the environment on the reporting organisation, is an attempt to solidify its own position as the reporting standard setter of choice, not only for financial reporting but for all reporting standards. However, despite its aim to differentiate its role from the GRI by leveraging the financial-oriented ideological side of double materiality, we argue that the IFRS is unlikely to harm the GRI’s global position in producing multi-stakeholder standards for sustainability reporting and accountability. This differentiated position is facilitated by the different sources of legitimacy the GRI and IFRS rely on.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The paper identifies future research opportunities.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Due to the recent initiatives for creating new sustainability reporting standard-setters, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper offers one of the first critical reflections on the past and the likely future of the GRI and its sustainability reporting standards. The paper also identifies several new avenues for future research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47477768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical examination of the direct and moderating role of corporate social responsibility in top executive compensation","authors":"M. Malik, E. D. Shim","doi":"10.1108/par-09-2021-0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-09-2021-0162","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to examine the direct association between firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) scores, CSR disclosures and executive compensation. This study further investigates the moderating role of CSR in the association between executive compensation and firms’ stock market and accounting performances.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study collects CEO compensation information from the Execucomp database and CSR performance information from the MSCI ESG database. The final sample consists of 4,193 firm-year observations for 1,318 US public firms for the period 2009–2013. This study uses lagged regression analysis to test the direct and moderating roles of CSR in executive compensation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Regarding the direct role of CSR, this study finds that CEO compensation is positively related to CSR performance but not to firms’ issuance of CSR reports. This study also finds a positive moderating role of CSR in the relationship between CEO compensation and firms’ stock performance. However, the authors do not identify any role for CSR in the relationship between CEO compensation and accounting performance. The results also show a negative association of CSR in the relationship between CEO compensation and firm size.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study fills a gap in the literature by providing empirical evidence on the direct association between CSR and CEO compensation and how the association between CEO compensation and firm performance is moderated by CSR scores. The novel findings of this study will benefit managers, boards of directors, shareholders and other stakeholders, including regulators and policymakers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48200760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disclosed qualitative factors and underpricing: an empirical evidence from Indian IPO market","authors":"Seshadev Sahoo, Rishita Raj","doi":"10.1108/par-06-2021-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-06-2021-0098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The academic research into underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) offers many explanations, i.e. signalling, financial and market hypothesis. However, another set of information, namely, “Qualitative Factors” (along with financial and others), are largely reported by the issuing firms in the prospectus. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge no such systematic study has been carried out on how firms’ qualitative factors impact the IPO valuation. This paper aims to addresses this gap.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using a sample of 82 IPOs issued from 2014 to 2020, we investigate the issuing firm’s pattern of reporting qualitative factors. These qualitative factors are subjected to factor analysis. The authors classify all reported factors across firms into a few categories using principal component analysis. The authors also investigate the impact of these factors on IPO underpricing using OLS regression.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors find that the qualitative information relating to market leadership, established brand image and modern scalable information technology infrastructure significantly influences underpricing. The authors also document that market leadership and brand image are the influential reported quality factors that reduce underpricing. Moreover, location advantage, good customer relationship, established relationship with a client, track record of growth and profitability, experienced promoter and management team failed to influence underpricing.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The outcome of this piece of research offers additional signalling as an attestation of quality for the issue. The authors further argue that the amount of qualitative information disclosed by the managers in the prospectus to support the pricing should not be ignored.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47108709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transformation to data analytics in Big-Four financial audit: what, why and how?","authors":"Angela Liew, P. Boxall, Denny Setiawan","doi":"10.1108/par-06-2021-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-06-2021-0105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to explore the implementation of data analytics in the Big-Four accounting firms, including the extent to which a digital transformation is changing the work of financial auditors, why it is doing so and how these firms are managing the transformation process.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors conducted 23 interviews with 20 participants across four hierarchical levels from three of the Big-Four accounting firms in New Zealand.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The firms have entered the era of “smart audit systems”, in which auditors provide deep business insights that are communicated more effectively through data visualisation. The full potential, however, of data analytics depends not only on the transformation process within accounting firms but also on improvement in the quality of IT systems in client companies. The appointment of transformation managers, the recruitment of technology-savvy graduates and the provision of extensive training are helping to embed data analytics in the Big-Four firms. Accounting graduates in financial audit now need to show that they have the aptitude to become “citizen data scientists”.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The findings explain how data analytics is being embraced in the Big-Four auditing firms and underline the implications for those who work in them.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The findings challenge the “technological reluctance” thesis. In contrast, the authors observe a climate of positive attitudes towards new technology and accompanying actions in the Big-Four firms. The authors show how branches of the Big-Four firms operating distantly from their global headquarters, and with smaller economies of scale, are implementing the new technologies that characterise their global firms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47108193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A snapshot of sustainability assurance market in New Zealand","authors":"Pei-Chi Kelly Hsiao, Tom Scott, Zeting Zang","doi":"10.1108/par-08-2021-0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-08-2021-0142","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to provide a snapshot of voluntary sustainability assurance in New Zealand (NZ) in 2020. we assess the frequency of different assurance elements and discuss aspects of current practices that potentially contribute to the audit expectation gap. we also test whether the determinants of voluntary sustainability assurance in NZ are consistent with international findings.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>For 118 companies listed on the New Zealand Stock Exchange in 2020, we hand collected data on whether sustainability information was assured, subject matter assured, assurance level, outcome, provider, disclosure of detailed procedures, standard referenced and criteria applied. we then examine the influences of voluntary sustainability assurance using both univariate and regression analysis.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Approximately 20% of listed companies that disclosed sustainability information provide a sustainability assurance report, indicating low levels of assurance compared to international practices. we note that the presence of different forms of assurance and certification, placement of sustainability information before financial statements and the associated audit report and mixture of assurance levels potentially contribute to the audit expectation gap. Further, voluntary sustainability assurance practices are diverse, and there are notable differences between Big Four accounting firms and other providers in terms of assurance level and standard referenced. Consistent with prior studies, we find size and industry classification as two main drivers of voluntary sustainability assurance.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>We contribute NZ-specific insights to the sustainability assurance literature. The findings on voluntary sustainability assurance practices and reflection on the audit expectation gap are timely and relevant to the new climate-related disclosure mandate and pending assurance requirements.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":"122 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming assessment in accounting education to align with online learning","authors":"Irshad Ali, A. Narayan, Dilani Gedera","doi":"10.1108/par-05-2021-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-05-2021-0058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The aim of this paper is to provide insights into challenges and opportunities in transforming assessment of learning in accounting education from established practices to technology-based methods. 10; 10;\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This reflective commentary is based on personal reflections and experiences of three senior academics from the same university on the accelerated utilisation of online assessment in accounting education due to COVID-19. Further information was obtained from document analysis, informal conversations with colleagues and observations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings of this paper suggest that despite numerous challenges, online assessments may replace traditional face-to-face assessments such as tests and exams in accounting and if done properly, this could drive significant improvements in student learning and outcomes. Institutions need to invest in appropriate technology, provide appropriate staff training and ensure good online assessment design that incorporates principles of authenticity and fairness. Robust online assessment practices need to be integrated with e-proctoring systems to ensure academic integrity is upheld.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The paper provides functional insights to higher education management, teaching staff and other stakeholders such as professional accreditation bodies on challenges and opportunities in utilising online assessments. It offers guidance to educators on transforming assessment of learning using the power of technology.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The ideas in this paper are original. The paper shares our lived experiences in transforming established assessment practices in accounting courses to align with online teaching and learning due to COVID-19.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44561852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of ownership structure and corporate governance on energy intensity: evidence from Indian business groups","authors":"Nemiraja Jadiyappa, Emmy Hickman, Namrata Saikia","doi":"10.1108/par-05-2021-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-05-2021-0078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Energy efficiency is critical for global sustainability (International Energy Agency, 2019). The purpose of this paper is to examine how agency conflicts arising from pyramidal ownership structures impact the energy intensity (EI) of group-affiliated Indian firms. Group-affiliated firms face unique governance challenges. For instance, parent owners (promoters) may transfer profits from one group-affiliated firm to another firm in which they have greater ownership. The authors hypothesize that such governance issues will lead to underinvestment in energy-saving projects among group firms in which promoters have a low ownership stake, resulting in their greater EI.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors measure EI as the ratio of total energy expense to total sales revenue (EI) and as the industry-adjusted version of this ratio. Group-affiliated Indian firms are divided into high- and low-stake firms based on the sample’s median promoter ownership.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Results support the authors’ prediction: group firms in which promoters have low ownership are more energy intensive, consistent with these firms being exposed to greater governance challenges and agency conflicts that result in operating inefficiencies and/or underinvestment in energy-saving projects.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Given energy efficiency will be key in addressing climate change, this study could raise awareness among activists, motivate regulators to consider agency problems among group-affiliated firms in emerging markets and may underscore the importance of environmental-related corporate disclosures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to identify the significant impact that firm ownership structure and associated governance challenges have on corporate EI.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User perceptions of cloud-based small business accounting software","authors":"Jemmi Mauricette, Paul K. Wells, J. Haar","doi":"10.1108/par-05-2021-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/par-05-2021-0065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to identify the variables which influence user perceptions of cloud-based small business accounting software.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study used the end-user computing satisfaction (EUCS) model developed by Doll and Torkzadeh. Responses to open-ended questions informed these findings.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings from this study suggest that user satisfaction and perceived effectiveness were more strongly influenced by content and accuracy than the variables format, ease of use and timeliness.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000There were a small number of participants (122) from a single city in New Zealand evaluating a single software application.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Given the increased availability and range of accounting applications for small business, these findings help explain factors which might influence software selection decisions. This study also provides a platform for researchers to extend this research to other cloud-based accounting software applications in their academic research. These findings may also provide software developers with functionality suggestions to be included in future software development.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000These findings identify the perceived importance of the factors used to evaluate cloud-base accounting software.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000There has been very little research undertaken to identify factors which influence user perceptions of cloud-based accounting software using a structured EUCS framework.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46088,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Accounting Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45805680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}