Journal of Youth Development最新文献_第7页

Exploratory and Descriptive Comparison Using the WAIS-IV and LSC-SUA of the Cognitive Profile of Italian University Students with Reading Comprehension Disorder (RCD) vs. Decoding Difficulties—Dyslexia 使用WAIS-IV和LSC-SUA对意大利大学生阅读理解障碍(RCD)与解码困难-阅读障碍的认知特征进行探索性和描述性比较

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010023

D. D’Elia, L. Carpinelli, G. Savarese

{"title":"Exploratory and Descriptive Comparison Using the WAIS-IV and LSC-SUA of the Cognitive Profile of Italian University Students with Reading Comprehension Disorder (RCD) vs. Decoding Difficulties—Dyslexia","authors":"D. D’Elia, L. Carpinelli, G. Savarese","doi":"10.3390/youth3010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/youth3010023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The “Guidelines for the Management of Specific Learning Disorders” provide clear diagnostic and evaluative guidance on Reading Comprehension Disorder (RCD), as suggested by the DSM-5. The present study investigated the relationship between cognitive abilities in university students with RCD compared to students with Decoding Difficulties—i.e., dyslexia (DD)—and examined possible diagnostic procedures for RCD in young adults. Methods: Twenty university students from the University of Salerno “Disabilities/SLD Help Desk” participated. The sample was divided into the RCD Group (10) and DD Group (10). They were administered (a) the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) to assess their cognitive profile; and (b) the LSC-SUA-Reading tests for the assessment of text comprehension, writing, and calculation skills. Results: With regard to their cognitive profile, the DD Group had a lower mean of FSIQ (91.90 ± 5.82 vs. 92.50 ± 2.41). The RCD Group showed higher means in the subscales of CPI (94.80 ± 5.77), WMI (91.80 ± 78.80), and PSI (101.20 ± 6.20). Text comprehension assessment showed high averages in the DD Group (Track A = 11.50 ± 1.08; Track B = 11.40 ± 0.95). Conclusions: A valid psychodiagnostic model to examine reading comprehension skills for adults must assess the interaction between higher-level linguistic and cognitive processes in order to best define the pathways of skill enhancement.","PeriodicalId":46087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth Development","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88713454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Developing Marsha and Marian’s Neighbors: A Shared Housing Intervention to Address Homelessness among LGBTQ+ and Pregnant/Parenting Youth 发展玛莎和玛丽安的邻居:共同住房干预，以解决LGBTQ+和怀孕/育儿青年中的无家可归问题

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010022

Maurice N. Gattis, M. A. Wagaman, A. Kemmerer

{"title":"Developing Marsha and Marian’s Neighbors: A Shared Housing Intervention to Address Homelessness among LGBTQ+ and Pregnant/Parenting Youth","authors":"Maurice N. Gattis, M. A. Wagaman, A. Kemmerer","doi":"10.3390/youth3010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/youth3010022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this paper is to describe the development of a shared housing model intervention that was designed to serve youth experiencing homelessness who are LGBTQ+ and/or pregnant/parenting. The intervention is built around two guiding philosophies: housing first and restorative justice. Methods: We engaged in a year-long planning process with an advisory group from 1 July 2021 through 30 June 2022. The advisory group is a partnership between XXXX, seven young people with lived experience expertise, and members from four partner organizations, including local organizations serving LGBTQ+ youth. Results: Marsha and Marian’s Neighbors is designed to provide safe, comfortable housing for 12 months for 20 young people and their children if they have any. Participants will live in apartments where rent and utilities are paid for by the program for all participants. The program also provides money for arrears that may prevent the participants from being able to secure a lease, mental health appointments, legal consultations, and doula services provided by partners recruited by the planning team. Services are provided by staff and partners that are LGBTQ+ affirming and pregnant and parenting affirming. Conclusion: One of the most important lessons that we learned is the power of developing shared values in a novel intervention for LGBTQ+ youth. One focused intervention that supports both pregnant and parenting youth who identify as LGBTQ+ remains necessary. Paradoxically, LGBTQ+ people, particularly bisexual, lesbian, and queer cisgender women, are at an equal or greater risk of unplanned pregnancy. Both groups are vulnerable to housing instability independently, and those who live at the intersection of being LGBTQ+ and pregnant/parenting face an elevated risk for housing instability.","PeriodicalId":46087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth Development","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87469554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Young Australians Navigating the ‘Careers Information Ecology’ 澳大利亚年轻人驾驭“职业信息生态”

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010020

Steven Roberts, B. Lyall, V. Trott, Elsie Foeken, Jonathan F. Smith, B. Robards, Anna Genat, Darren Graf, Callum Jones, P. Marple, Catherine Waite, Breanna Wright

{"title":"Young Australians Navigating the ‘Careers Information Ecology’","authors":"Steven Roberts, B. Lyall, V. Trott, Elsie Foeken, Jonathan F. Smith, B. Robards, Anna Genat, Darren Graf, Callum Jones, P. Marple, Catherine Waite, Breanna Wright","doi":"10.3390/youth3010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/youth3010020","url":null,"abstract":"The policy orientations of advanced neoliberal democracies situate young people as rational actors who are responsible for their own career outcomes. While career scholars have been critical of how this routinely ignores the unequal effects of structural constraints on personal agency, they have long suggested that young people should have access to the best available ‘roadmaps’ and advice to navigate the uncertainties baked into the contemporary economic landscape. Complementing the significant attention that is given to the (potentially emancipatory) experience of formal careers guidance, we present findings from a multi-method study. We explore young Australians’ (aged 15–24) navigation of careers information through a nationally representative survey (n = 1103), focus groups with 90 participants and an analysis of 15,227 social media comments. We suggest that the variety of formal and informal sources pursued and accessed by young people forms a relational ‘ecology’. This relationality is twofold. First, information is often sequential, and engagements with one source can inform the experience or pursuit of another. Second, navigation of the ecology is marked by a high level of intersubjectivity through interpersonal support networks including peers, family and formal service provision. These insights trouble a widespread, but perhaps simplistic, reading of young people having largely internalised a neoliberal sensibility of ‘entrepreneurial selfhood’ in their active pursuit of a range of career advice. Throughout our analysis, we attend to the ways that engagement in the career information ecology is shaped by social inequalities, further underscoring challenges facing careers guidance and social justice goals.","PeriodicalId":46087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth Development","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82512217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Young Masculinities and Right-Wing Populism in Australia 澳大利亚的青年男子主义与右翼民粹主义

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010019

P. Nilan, Joshua M. Roose, M. Peucker, B. Turner

引用次数: 1

Stress Reduction Interventions for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Focused Literature Review 自闭症谱系障碍家长的减压干预:重点文献综述

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010017

Kenneth Curley, R. Colman, Annabel Rushforth, Y. Kotera

{"title":"Stress Reduction Interventions for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Focused Literature Review","authors":"Kenneth Curley, R. Colman, Annabel Rushforth, Y. Kotera","doi":"10.3390/youth3010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/youth3010017","url":null,"abstract":"Parents of autistic children report higher levels of parenting stress than any other child-related disabilities, with atypical child behaviour being identified as a key contributor to stress. As stress causes many negative health problems, it is important to understand what interventions are reportedly effective to reduce parenting stress in the literature. Five electronic databases—Cochrane, ProQuest, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus—were searched for relevant literature focusing on stress reduction intervention studies, studies on parents of children diagnosed with ASD, and publications no older than ten years. The PRISMA 2020 checklist was used for reporting. A total of 11 articles from 169 were included, including 22 interventions identified and categorised based on theoretical approach, i.e., Applied Behavioural Analysis, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Humanistics, and psychoeducation. The evidence synthesised advocates for an integrative approach, such as Mindfulness-Based Positive Behaviour Support, an evidence-based practice approach that appears to offer greater advantages in reducing parenting stress. The implications of our results can inform educators and practitioners regarding available stress interventions for parents of children with ASD. Our findings warrant rigorous design research such as randomised controlled trials to be conducted to further identify the effects of these interventions.","PeriodicalId":46087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73354968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

LGBT+ Youth Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Questions in the Growing Up in Ireland Survey: A Qualitative Study 爱尔兰成长调查中LGBT+青年对性取向和性别认同问题的看法:一项定性研究

IF 0.9

Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010018

Nerilee Ceatha, Aaron Koay, Ayrton Kelly, Tara Killeen, K. Mccabe, James Murray, Jayson Pope, Niamh Scully, C. Buggy, D. Crowley

{"title":"LGBT+ Youth Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Questions in the Growing Up in Ireland Survey: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Nerilee Ceatha, Aaron Koay, Ayrton Kelly, Tara Killeen, K. Mccabe, James Murray, Jayson Pope, Niamh Scully, C. Buggy, D. Crowley","doi":"10.3390/youth3010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/youth3010018","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing importance of identifying lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT+) populations is a key driver in changes to demographic data collection in representative surveys of youth. While such population-based data are rare, Growing Up in Ireland (GUI), an Irish, government-funded, longitudinal survey, includes sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) measurements. This qualitative study responds to a query from the GUI study team and aims to identify how best to collect SOGI data in future waves of GUI. A university Human Research Ethics Committee granted approval for online consultations with LGBT+ youth (n = 6) with experiential expertise in policy making. The research is underpinned by rights-based public patient involvement (PPI) with recorded discussions, which were transcribed and imported into NVivo 12, generating the theme “recognition in research, policy and society”. This co-created article, with the LGBT+ young PPI Panel members, commends the inclusion of SOGI data in GUI and recommends changes in question placement and phrasing. Aligning with best practice, the PPI members provide a template for wording on consecutive sex and gender questions, expanded sexual orientation identity categories and maintaining the existing well-phrased transgender question from GUI. This offers potential to improve the quality of the SOGI data collected and the experience of those completing the questionnaire. These findings extend beyond GUI, with relevance for surveys with youth populations. This paper underscores the potential and benefits of participatory approaches to research with youth and views their role beyond simply as sources of data.","PeriodicalId":46087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth Development","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87536337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Text-Based Crisis Counseling: An Examination of Timing, Pace, Asychronicity and Disinhibition 基于文本的危机咨询:时间、速度、非同步性和去抑制的检验

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010016

A. Nesmith

{"title":"Text-Based Crisis Counseling: An Examination of Timing, Pace, Asychronicity and Disinhibition","authors":"A. Nesmith","doi":"10.3390/youth3010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/youth3010016","url":null,"abstract":"Texting-based crisis counseling is increasingly used to reach young people in acute crisis. Drawing on the online disinhibition effect (ODE), this U.S. study explored how asynchronicity and invisibility contribute to how users reveal their presenting problem and engage with counseling. A random sample of 49 text crisis line sessions with youth averaging 18 years was used to assess response lag times and flow as well as their impact on the session. Interviews with crisis counselors provided supplemental context. Content analysis identified patterns in the presenting problem, reasons for response lags, and patterns in how the sessions ended. The overall duration of text sessions was substantially longer than that of voice calls, to cover comparable content. Users frequently multitasked or become engaged in other activities between texts, creating a more disjointed flow. This also allowed the user to take time with responses to difficult questions. Counselors had to match their pace with users, make decisions when to discontinue the session, and use intentional language to develop a therapeutic connection. In line with the ODE framework, the findings suggested that the invisible nature of texting allowed users to reach out for help at the moment they needed it, regardless of their location. Implications for using texting-based interfaces are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth Development","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72746173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Educational Life Histories of Australian Transgender Faith-Based Secondary School Graduates 探究澳洲跨性别信仰中学毕业生的教育生活史

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010015

Mark Vicars, Jarrod Wolfe

引用次数: 0

Queer Young People and Couchsurfing: Entry Pathways, Service Provision, and Maintenance Strategies 酷儿青年和沙发客:进入途径、服务提供和维护策略

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010014

Katie Hail-Jares

{"title":"Queer Young People and Couchsurfing: Entry Pathways, Service Provision, and Maintenance Strategies","authors":"Katie Hail-Jares","doi":"10.3390/youth3010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/youth3010014","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research into queer or LGBTQ+ youth homelessness has relied upon samples recruited from shelters or the streets; such strategies might miss the experiences of young people who are couchsurfing. Couchsurfing is a growing form of homelessness in many countries, including Australia. Here, drawing upon interviews with 31 young queer people, aged 16–27, who are or have recently couchsurfed, we map out their entry into homelessness, their previous use of social services, and their strategies for maintaining accommodation while couchsurfing. Respondents typically entered homelessness following a complex array of factors including deteriorating mental health, escalating family alienation, and stigmatisation following coming out. Once couchsurfing, most young people did not access services as they did not view themselves as homeless. Those who did were often told they were less of a priority given their roofed status. Finally, interviewees reported trading chores, rent, or sex to maintain housing. The difference between sex work and sexual exchange, as explained by young people, is also discussed. We conclude by suggesting a harm-reduction approach to understanding and serving young people.","PeriodicalId":46087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth Development","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82692785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Typology of Transition Patterns Involving Long-Term NEET Episodes: Accumulation of Risk and Adversity 一种涉及长期啃老族的过渡模式类型:风险和逆境的积累

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Journal of Youth Development Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010012

Helle Bendix Kleif

{"title":"A Typology of Transition Patterns Involving Long-Term NEET Episodes: Accumulation of Risk and Adversity","authors":"Helle Bendix Kleif","doi":"10.3390/youth3010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/youth3010012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses Danish population-based administrative registers to study contemporary school-to-work transitions among young adults who experience long-term NEET episodes between age 16 and 20. By applying sequence analysis and clustering, this paper identifies five distinct transition patterns. Using this typology as the outcome variable in multinomial regression the paper offers insight into how experiences and circumstances, developing until age 16, can affect the subsequently unfolding transition process. Finally, the paper looks ahead and describes whether transitional difficulty accumulates into early adulthood. While one transition pattern stands out as more stable and less worrying, three of the remaining four demonstrate how transitional difficulty between age 16 and 20 develops as precarious patterns of attachment to well-established systems within the Danish welfare state. It is further established that various childhood risk factors significantly increase the odds of experiencing precarious transition patterns. Finally, the analyses demonstrate how instability and risk during childhood and school-to-work transition extend into early adulthood for a large part of the study population.","PeriodicalId":46087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth Development","volume":"36 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83814302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0