Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research最新文献_第6页

Experiences of Neurodivergent People When Playing an Educational Video Game About Their Own Diagnosis 神经分化者在玩关于自己诊断的教育电子游戏时的体验

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.16993/sjdr.1037

Lisanne Meinen

引用次数: 0

An Overview on Low Back Pain and Functional Disability: Associated Risk Factors and Management 腰痛和功能障碍的综述:相关的危险因素和管理

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57197/jdr-2022-0004

Walid Kamal, A. Sulieman

{"title":"An Overview on Low Back Pain and Functional Disability: Associated Risk Factors and Management","authors":"Walid Kamal, A. Sulieman","doi":"10.57197/jdr-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Recently, low back pain (LBP) has been a major contributor to disability worldwide. Chronic LBP affects 80% of the population at some point. The incidence of LBP is on the rise, especially among the elderly, and it is more common in men than in women. The different aspects of one’s life, such as a history of mental illness, being overweight, smoking, not getting enough exercise, getting older, and leading a sedentary lifestyle, all increase the likelihood of developing LBP. According to research, there are a number of causes and contributing factors that add up to a hefty price tag for disabled people. Functional disability in chronic LBP can be caused in part by causes other than the disease itself, such as psychological and professional variables, and can put restrictions on one’s personal life, work life, and family life. According to a recent study, more than 80% of those with a functional disability were classified as having a moderate-to-severe impairment. Therefore, we have proposed this review to clarify the appropriate assessment and interventional modalities for LBP and reduce disability. The diagnosis of LBP may need physical examination as well as imaging procedures to rule out the possibility of other ailments, such as broken bones. There is more than one technique to treat the underlying causes of LBP. Interventions include several modalities, including medication, physical therapy, manual therapy, injections, and surgery. In terms of pain treatment, we could choose between over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prescribed drugs. Back spasms can be treated with other medications that relax the muscles in the back. Physiotherapy can help an individual build up the core muscles that protect the spine. Physical therapy can help individuals to stay injury-free by doing more than just increasing the range of motion. Tense muscles can be relaxed, pain can be lessened, and posture and alignment can be enhanced through a series of sessions.","PeriodicalId":46073,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80116199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Type IV Collagen in Lens Basement Membrane: Deterioration with Age and Glycation Reviewed 晶状体基底膜中IV型胶原的结构和力学性能:随着年龄和糖基化的恶化

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57197/jdr-2022-0003

D. A. Bradley

{"title":"The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Type IV Collagen in Lens Basement Membrane: Deterioration with Age and Glycation Reviewed","authors":"D. A. Bradley","doi":"10.57197/jdr-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical physics seeks to confront the amazingly intricate sets of interlinked processes that when in synchrony sustain life. In so doing, questions arise regarding the functionality of cells, organised tissues and organs and the myriad interactional processes required, and also as to how the onset of disease limits viability and what possible repair processes can be caused to happen, including in biosynthetic routes. It is clearly a multidisciplinary field providing a multi-pronged array of endeavours, bringing into play concepts and tools within the armoury of physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and all of the applied areas that arise from these. As expected, the pursuit is beset by ignorance and in the absence of a polymath, the ability to progress is clearly a team effort. Not least among the challenges are that oftentimes the medium under investigation no longer enjoys the vitality of life, including when using in vitro techniques acknowledging that in excised tissues repair processes are clearly inoperative. As such, questions inevitably arise as to whether the results of an investigation bear resemblance to that of the living entity. Here, we will focus on just one example of such a pursuit, namely investigations of degraded vision arising from alterations in the basement membrane (BM). We address alterations that may arise from diabetes and ageing, which are changes that bring about life-altering disability. In examining this one area of biophysical investigation, we hope that the reader will gain a degree of appreciation of the need for such studies even if, as here, we simply represent just one particular aspect of what are clearly complex areas. At the outset, we simply mention that the BM forming the eye lens capsule is a highly specialised form of extracellular matrix in which the major structural element is a network of type IV collagen. Changes in the structure and mechanical properties of the BM are believed to be associated with the pathophysiology of ageing and diseases, including diabetes and cancer.","PeriodicalId":46073,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81056617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collagen Structure Orientation at the Bone–Cartilage Interface 骨-软骨界面的胶原蛋白结构取向

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57197/jdr-2022-0002

D. A. Bradley, O. Gundogdu, O. Bunk

{"title":"Collagen Structure Orientation at the Bone–Cartilage Interface","authors":"D. A. Bradley, O. Gundogdu, O. Bunk","doi":"10.57197/jdr-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The articular cartilage overlying subchondral bone consists of variously oriented collagen fibres, the detailed organisation of which is essential for cartilage integrity that has suffered damage in degenerative joint disease such as osteoarthritis (OA). A technique attracting particular interest is that of coherent small-angle X-ray scattering mapping; the present investigations are supported by PILATUS, a highly pixelated two-dimensional detector system developed at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The system has yielded information on the anatomical features that correspond to the large-scale organisation of collagen and the mineralised phase contained within the collagen fibres in the deep cartilage zone. Results obtained from a decalcified cartilage–bone sample have been plotted in terms of the orientation of cartilage and bone components for particular intervals of k-space, showing the organisation of collagen-II within superficial layers and collagen-X in the chondrocyte-rich deeper layers of cartilage. It is apparent in undamaged cartilage that there is a gradual reorientation of the collagen-II fibres of the cartilage, from parallel to the surface of the joint, to normal to the cartilage–bone interface. A similar pattern of orientation is seen below the cement line (the surface at which cartilage anchors to the bone), for the collagen type-I prevalent in bone. Changing the interval of k-space allows subchondral features such as the microvasculature to be seen.","PeriodicalId":46073,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85127674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Launch of the Journal of Disability Research 《残疾研究杂志》创刊

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.57197/jdr-2022-0001

D. A. Bradley

引用次数: 0

Lived Employment Experiences of Persons with Physical Disabilities in Nepal: A Phenomenological Study 尼泊尔身体残疾者的生活就业经历：一项现象学研究

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.16993/sjdr.860

Samridhi Rana, Nina Murray, K. Sapkota, P. Gurung

引用次数: 1

Self-Employment for People with Disabilities: Barriers to and (Im)possibilities in Starting and Running Their Own Business 残障人士自雇:开办和经营自己企业的障碍和可能性

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16993/sjdr.909

M. Norstedt, Per Germundsson

引用次数: 1

‘A Limited Guardian Should First and Foremost Get to Know the Person He Helps’—Experiences of Having a Limited Guardian from the Perspective of Adults with Intellectual Disability “有限监护人首先应该了解他所帮助的人”——从智障成人的角度看有限监护人的经历

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16993/sjdr.949

L. Hultman, M. Tideman, M. Eriksson

引用次数: 0

Multidisciplinary Approaches to Disability in Iceland (Late 9th–Early 20th Century) 冰岛残疾研究的多学科方法(9世纪末至20世纪初)

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16993/sjdr.868

Christopher Crocker, Eva Þórdís Ebenezersdóttir, S. Ólafsdóttir, Arndís Bergsdóttir, H. Haraldsson, Alice Bower, Yoav Tirosh, Hanna Björg Sigurjónsdóttir, J. Rice

引用次数: 0

Is There an Ableist Paradox in Frontline Workers’ Success Stories About Disability and Work Inclusion? 一线员工关于残疾和工作包容的成功故事是否存在残疾主义悖论?

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16993/sjdr.838

C. Lundberg

{"title":"Is There an Ableist Paradox in Frontline Workers’ Success Stories About Disability and Work Inclusion?","authors":"C. Lundberg","doi":"10.16993/sjdr.838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.838","url":null,"abstract":"Frontline workers are tasked with enabling the employment of disabled people. They engage with an ableist narrative that constructs disabled people as less worthy, less productive, and subordinate when they formulate contrasting narratives of disabled people as productive and capable workers. To better understand how frontline workers engage with the ableist narrative, focus group interviews were conducted with frontline workers (counsellors, employment specialists, and market coordinators) within the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration. Focus group interviews generate interaction data resulting from discussions amongst informants revealing aspects of frontline work assumed to be otherwise less accessible, such as success stories. The primary finding is that frontline workers bring up success stories when they are talking about disability and work inclusion. Three narrative practices of these success stories are explored, each with specific contexts and circumstances: learning, motivating, and disability branding. While these narratives aim to redress disabled people’s subordinated position, they still display ableist norms, thus suggesting that an ableist paradox exists in frontline workers’ success stories.","PeriodicalId":46073,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67469749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3