Journal of Media Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Television Debates Mirror American Values","authors":"David T. Z. Mindich","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2024.2311929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2024.2311929","url":null,"abstract":"Kat Williams and Scott R. Stroud’s essay is about televised debates, but it is also about the value of television in a democracy. In Amusing Ourselves to Death, Neil Postman argues that television ...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"True or False? Viewer Perceptions of Emotional Staff and Stock Photos in the News","authors":"Tara Marie Mortensen, Colin Piacentine, Taylor Wen, Nora Bost, Brian McDermott","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2295942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2295942","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of multi-used stock photography in the news contradicts the photojournalism professional values of truthful and emotional depictions. This reality echoes other false images increasin...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139078201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Responsibilities in the Backends of Media and Digital Technologies","authors":"Yayu Feng","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2024.2296194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2024.2296194","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Journal of Media Ethics: Exploring Questions of Media Morality (Ahead of Print, 2023)","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Cover Murder-Suicides: A Study of Irish Journalism Ethics","authors":"Audrey Galvin","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2294941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2294941","url":null,"abstract":"Based on 12 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, this study explores the attitudes of news media professionals toward Codes of Practice and guidelines and how they may conflict in the coverage of ...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Distance, Ethics, and Engagement with Social Networks: How Do They Interact?","authors":"Cid Gonçalves Filho, Flavia Braga Chinelato, Renata de Sousa da Silva Tolentino","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2294059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2294059","url":null,"abstract":"Social distance often motivates consumers to increase their interactions through social networking sites. This study identifies antecedents of consumer brand usage and brand connection of SNSs, und...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Ethical Listening Among Public Relations Professionals","authors":"Katie R. Place, Emily J. Flamme","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2292811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2292811","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative study explored how 54 U.S.-based public relations practitioners engaged in ethical listening. Findings of the study suggest that public relations professionals engage in ethical li...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Problem with Apu: Recognizing Moral Issues in Media Ethics","authors":"Bastiaan Vanacker","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2265339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2265339","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe task of media ethicists is not only to shine a light on the dilemmas facing our field, but also to point out what the moral issues of the day are. Why is it that some cases and issues appear on our radar, in our textbooks, web sites and journals? Using the example of how the problematic nature of the Apu character in The Simpsons escaped the attention of this author and other media ethicists, this essay explores how media ethicists can be better aware of their own blind spots. Given our limited cognitive abilities and unconscious biases, I will argue that media ethicists could potentially benefit from the help of a theoretical media ethics moral machine (MeMorMach), especially in instances where they are unaware of the potential violation of an established norm. But when normative change occurs, such a device would be less useful in tracking this change and alerting them, especially to those adhering to a constructivist meta-ethical framework. The essay concludes with a call for media ethicists to pay attention to and assist so-called moral enquirers, advocates who, through personal engagement, enact normative change. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The documentary reveals that one (of the inspirations for Azaria’s accent (in addition to store clerks he encountered personally) was Peter Sellers’ character in “The Party,” the 1968 comedy in which Sellers played an Indian actor who ends up at a Hollywood party. In the film, Sellers appeared in brown makeup. Apu’s offensiveness then stems from the fact that the character is a descendant of these depictions derived from a stereotype associated with British colonialism.2 This article explores the possible causes of how the issue of Apu escaped media ethicists’ attention. I will not examine one important potential reason of this oversight namely, the possibility that I was correct in ignoring this issue because it is a manufactured controversy that does not stretch beyond the media echo chamber and that the Apu character does not present an ethical issue or potential norm violation. Not because I reject this possibility – it may very well be the case – but because the merits of any of the claims regarding Apu are not discussed in this article. This paper operates on the likely assumption that the claims regarding Apu have at least some validity.3 As I mentioned in the introduction, I was among those who missed this issue, and I assume some of the readers of this piece might have as well. Hence the choice – here and elsewhere – for the pronouns “us” and “we.” I do not imply, however, that every reader of this piece was equally blind to this issue. Given the confessional style of this piece and the limits of English grammar, the use of the first person seems most appropriate in these instances.4 During the presentation of an earlier version of this essay at the Media Challenges to Digital Flourishing symposium at Penn State in the fal","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomy in Local Digital News: An Exploration of Organizational and Moral Psychology Factors","authors":"Rhema Zlaten","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2265917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2265917","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis mixed-methods study examines autonomy and shifts in the evolving digital news industry. Autonomous agency of news workers is an essential indicator of how journalism work is fulfilling its role as the Fourth Estate in American democracy. This work responds to calls in media ethics, media sociology and moral ecology to better understand how organizational structure and individual moral psychology factors influence the levels at which digital news workers exhibit autonomy within their digital news organizations. Using participant observation, a unique survey and respondent interviewing, I worked for one year with a digitally native hyper-local news organization to examine how organizational structure, leadership, socialization, and individual factors influenced autonomy levels in the staff. Results found overall high levels of autonomy in the editorial staff, but with many constraints such as financial pressures, perceived lack of time, a high pressure to perform multiple jobs and duties outside of the scope of typical legacy journalism job descriptions. AcknowledgmentsThis article is based on my dissertation work at Colorado State University, and I would like to thank my advising team for their expert guidance: Dr. Ashley Anderson, Dr. Patrick Plaisance, Dr. Katie Abrams, Dr. Bernie Rollin and Dr. Elizabeth Tropman.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the author upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingI received a generous grant from the Don W. Davis Program in Ethical Leadership from the Bellisario College of Communications at Pennsylvania State University to enable my travel to work with one digital hyper-local news organization, The Golden Gate (the name has been changed to protect the employees and the organization).","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil Deliberation Unpacked: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Michel Croce, Filippo Domaneschi, Maria Silvia Vaccarezza","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2264835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2264835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn recent decades, the digital age and the Third Industrial Revolution have attracted significant attention in terms of their benefits and risks. Scholars have explored the impact of these changes on autonomy, freedom, human interactions, cognition, and knowledge sharing. However, the influence of the digital communicative environment on civic interactions and public deliberation processes has received limited attention from virtue theorists. This paper aims to address this gap. First, we discuss the challenges posed by the digital communicative environment, and we present recent attempts to revive civility within this context. Then, we propose a twofold account of civility as consisting in the two virtues of civic benevolence and civil deliberation. Finally, we focus on the epistemic side of civility, civil deliberation, and we conduct the first empirical studies on two of its components. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementAll materials are available on the project’s OSF page: https://osf.io/v46nm/Notes1 For a broader discussion about how misinformation spreads through online sharing see, e.g., Bergamaschi Ganapini (Citation2023), Ceylan et al. (Citation2023), Croce and Piazza (Citation2021) and Pennycook and Rand (Citation2019).2 In a previous work (Vaccarezza & Croce, Citation2021), we have motivated a different interpretation of Aristotle’s view on civic virtues based on what he claims about social virtues and civic friendship in Politics and Nicomachean Ethics. However, given the general picture that emerges from mainstream readings of Nicomachean Ethics, it is not too surprising that neo-Aristotelians have long neglected to elaborate an Aristotelian account of civic virtue.3 It is intriguing to observe the evolving tone within a mere span of two decades. Just back in 1998, Robert Audi asserted that “civic virtue holds less inherent importance compared to other encompassing moral attributes; it predominantly consists of fairness, truthfulness, loyalty, and a degree of benevolence towards fellow citizens” (p. 152). However, a decade later, a chorus of influential voices emerged reimagining civic virtue in a more positive context. Jason Baehr (Citation2015) sought to elevate the significance of civic virtues by categorizing them as “commendable character traits displayed by citizens, such as tolerance, respect, and a community-oriented mindset” (p. 38). Howard Curzer (Citation2012) provided a groundbreaking outline of civic virtue grounded in Aristotelian principles, whereas Nancy Snow (Citation2018) introduced the concept of hope as a democratic civic virtue.4 It is worth noting that while we think that every virtue involves a motivational drive, treating it as a specific component, rather than a constitutive feature, is more relevant and necessary in the case of “hybrid” virtues like civil deliberation than in the case of purely ethical or epistemic virtues.5","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135695961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duty Now and for the Future: Communication, Ethics and Artificial Intelligence","authors":"David J. Gunkel","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2264854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2264854","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis essay examines whether and to what extent the “other” in communicative interactions may be otherwise than another human subject and the moral opportunities and challenges this alteration would make available to us. Toward this end, the analysis proceeds in five steps or movements. The first reviews the way the discipline of communication has typically perceived and theorized the role and function of technology. The second and third parts investigate the critical challenges that emerging technology, such as artificial intelligence applications and robots, poses to this standard instrumentalist way of thinking. The fourth part introduces an alternative called “relational ethics,” which effectively flips the script on the usual way of proceeding. And the fifth part presents and responds to one important and notable objection to this alternative. The goal in all of this is not to complicate things but to introduce and formulate a techno-ethics that is more agile in its response to the opportunities and challenges of the 21st century and beyond. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The logical distinction between person and thing was initially instituted and codified by the Roman jurist Gaius (130–180 CE). As Esposito (Citation2015), who arguably wrote the book on this subject, explained: “When the Roman jurist Gaius, in his Institutes, identified persons and things as the two categories that along with actions constitute the subject matter of the law, he did nothing more than give legal value to a criterion that was already widely accepted.” (p. 1–2)2 This does not mean that all things are essentially nothing outside of being relata. The thing-in-itself (to use Kantian terminology) is ontologically consistent in and of itself. The thing as it stands in relationship to another – as relata – is dependent upon the terms and conditions of the relationship. That fact does not mean (continuing with the Kantian formulation) that there is no Ding an sich. It is not nothing; it is just epistemologically inaccessible as it is in itself.3 “Face” in Levinas is not a substantive property that is possessed by an entity. It is (or takes place as) an act or event of “facing.” For more on this and its significance for interpretations and applications of Levinasian philosophy, see Silvia Benso’s (Citation2000) The Face of Things.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}