Religion Brain & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Introducing a special issue on phase two of the Evolution of Religion and Morality project","authors":"R. Sosis, Joseph A. Bulbulia, W. Wildman, U. Schjoedt, J. Shaver","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2022.2038096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2038096","url":null,"abstract":"This special double issue, Religion, Brain & Behavior’s first ever double issue, presents results from the second phase of the Evolution of Religion and Morality (ERM) project. Results from the first phase of this pioneering and influential project were published in a previous special issue of RBB (2018, volume 8, issue 2) and elsewhere (e.g., Purzycki et al., 2016). The core of this second wave of research employs experimental games—the Dictator Game and Random Allocation Game—as well as demographic and economic data to explore the relationship between beliefs in particular types of supernatural agents and cooperative behavior. Similar to the previous RBB special issue on the ERM project, this issue presents independent articles on each of the field sites from the project. These articles allowed the ERM researchers to describe the cultural and historical context of their field studies, and offered an opportunity to conduct more rigorous intra-field site analyses in ways that were not possible in the synthetic cross-cultural study previously published with the second-wave data (Lang et al., 2019). Each of these studies explores ethnographically-derived questions that afford rich insights about the subsistence, ecological, and economic variation in the collective ERM data set. In addition to these experimental and interview studies, this issue also offers four new synthetic pieces. First, Baimel et al. analyze the relationship between religious commitments and material insecurity. They show that across the 15 ERM field sites, Christian sites exhibit the strongest relationship between religious commitment and belief in a moralizing god, and this relationship is positively predicted by material insecurity. Second, Vardy et al. use the collective ERM data set to explore the oft-cited gender gap in which women exhibit higher levels of religious commitment than men. Consistent with previous research, the ERM findings support a religious gender gap. However, this gap only arises for traditions with a moralizing god. Women do not exhibit greater religious commitments in traditions that worship local gods. Third, Purzycki et al. assess whether the supernatural agents that elicit commitments across the 15 field sites are interested in human morality. As anticipated, even when “official” or “theologically correct” claims deny that the gods maintain moral interest, across the ERM field sites study participants inferred that their gods, even local gods, were generally interested in their moral actions. In the final paper of this special issue, Purzcyki et al. wrap up the 10-year ERM project with a summary target article that examines the methodological and analytic challenges of a large multi-field site cross-disciplinary study. This article assesses the strengths and limitations of both phases of the ERM project, as well as offers advice for researchers aiming to pursue similarly ambitious projects. It provides a rare glimpse into the behind-the-scenes machi","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86561380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural lessons missed and learnt about religion and culture","authors":"R. Fischer","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2021.2021547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2021.2021547","url":null,"abstract":"The lead article provides personal re fl ections by an author team reporting on their admittedly impressive research journey. My commentary will focus on two interrelated points: a) the need for improving knowledge transfer and communication of previous lessons learnt by cross-cultural researchers and b) the importance of cultural context for conceptualizing and researching religion, morality, and evolution. I comment on these points because of their importance for improving current standards of cultural evolutionary research. the insights by team, it seems researchers problems when venturing of into shortcomings collaboration","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material insecurity predicts greater commitment to moralistic and less commitment to local deities: a cross-cultural investigation","authors":"Adam Baimel, C. Apicella, Q. Atkinson, Alexander H. Bolyanatz, Emma Cohen, C. Handley, J. Henrich, E. Kundtová Klocová, M. Lang, Carolyn K. Lesogorol, Sarah Mathew, R. McNamara, Cristina Moya, A. Norenzayan, Caitlyn D. Placek, Monserrat Soler, Tom Vardy, Jonathan L. Weigel, A. Willard, D. Xygalatas, B. Purzycki","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2021.2006287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2021.2006287","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The existential security hypothesis predicts that in the absence of more successful secular institutions, people will be attracted to religion when they are materially insecure. Most assessments, however, employ data sampled at a state-level with a focus on world religions. Using individual-level data collected in societies of varied community sizes with diverse religious traditions including animism, shamanism, polytheism, and monotheism, we conducted a systematic cross-cultural test (N = 1820; 14 societies) of the relationship between material insecurity (indexed by food insecurity) and religious commitment (indexed by both beliefs and practices). Moreover, we examined the relationship between material security and individuals’ commitment to two types of deities (moralistic and local), thus providing the first simultaneous test of the existential security hypothesis across co-existing traditions. Our results indicate that while material insecurity is associated with greater commitment to moralistic deities, it predicts less commitment to local deity traditions.","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88545749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two questions for the cultural evolutionary science of religion","authors":"J. Jackson","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2021.2021549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2021.2021549","url":null,"abstract":"doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00062 Lonner, W. J. (2015). Half a century of cross-cultural psychology: A grateful coda. American Psychologist, 70(8), 804– 814. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039454 Malpass, R. S. (1977). Theory and method in cross-cultural psychology. American Psychologist, 32(12), 1069–1079. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.12.1069 Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224 Matsumoto, D., & Van de Vijver, F. J. (Eds.) (2010). Cross-Cultural Research Methods in psychology. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511779381. Pe-Pua, R. (1989). Pagtatanong-tanong: A cross-cultural research method. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13(2), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(89)90003-5 Pe-Pua, R., & Protacio-Marcelino, E. A. (2000). Sikolohiyang pilipino (Filipino psychology): A legacy of virgilio G. Enriquez. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 3(1), 49–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00054 Poortinga, Y. H., & Van De Vijver, F. J. R. (1987). Explaining Cross-Cultural Differences: Bias Analysis and Beyond. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18(3), 259–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002187018003001 Segall, M. H., Lonner, W. J., & Berry, J. W. (1998). Cross-cultural psychology as a scholarly discipline: On the flowering of culture in behavioral research. American Psychologist, 53(10), 1101–1110. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003066X.53.10.1101 Serpell, R. (1979). How specific are perceptual skills? A cross-cultural study of pattern reproduction. British Journal of Psychology, 70(3), 365–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1979.tb01706.x Smith, P. B., Fischer, R., Vignoles, V. L., & Bond, M. H. (2013). Understanding social psychology across cultures: Engaging with others in a changing world (second edition). SAGE. van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis for cross-cultural research / Fons van de vijver, kwok leung. Sage Publications. van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. (2000). Methodological issues in psychological research on culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022100031001004 van De Vijver, F. J. R., & Poortinga, Y. H. (1982). Cross-Cultural generalization and universality. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology, 13(4), 387–408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002182013004001 van de Vijver, F., & Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data Analysis for cross-cultural research (1 edition). SAGE Publications, Inc. Yamagishi, T., Hashimoto, H., & Schug, J. (2008). Preferences versus strategies as explanations for culture-specific behavior. Psychological Science, 19(6), 579–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02126.x Yang, K.-S. (2000). Monocultural and cross-cultural indigenous approaches: The royal road to the development of a balanced global psychology. Asian Journ","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81430661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do religious and market-based institutions promote cooperation in Hadza hunter-gatherers?","authors":"M. Stagnaro, Duncan N. E. Stibbard-Hawkes, C. Apicella","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2021.2006293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2021.2006293","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Humans’ willingness to bear costs to benefit others is an evolutionary puzzle. Cultural group selection proposes a possible answer to this puzzle—cooperative norms and institutions proliferate due to group-level benefits. For instance, belief in knowledgeable, moralizing deities is theorized to decrease selfishness and favoritism through threat of supernatural punishment. Similarly, norms of fairness and cooperation are theorized to have coevolved with engagement in markets, which necessitate anonymous exchanges. We investigate these theories among the Tanzanian Hadza who, until recently, have had minimal exposure to markets or major world religions. Engagement with Western tourists, village markets, and Christian missionaries is increasingly leading researchers to ask how such interactions have affected cooperative behavior. We interviewed 172 Hadza from 15 camps varying in market proximity, and measured cooperative decision-making using economic games. We find that exposure to missionaries is associated with increased belief in a knowledgeable and punitive deity, with mixed evidence that these beliefs, in turn, affect game play. In contrast, we find some evidence that those living in market-adjacent regions exhibit less in-group favoritism when cooperating. These results support the claim that market-norms, and to some degree religious beliefs, facilitate greater cooperation and fairness in social interactions.","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80439155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"God is up and devil is down: mortality salience increases implicit spatial-religious associations","authors":"Michael Rihs, F. Mast, M. Hartmann","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2022.2035800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2035800","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most Christians in Western cultures associate God with upper space and devil with lower space. Measuring this spatial association captures the implicit metaphorical representations of religious concepts. Previous studies have shown that implicit measurements of the belief in God increase when people are confronted with their own mortality. Here we investigated the effect of mortality salience on implicit metaphorical representations of religiosity. Using a repeated measurement design, we found that implicit associations between God-up and devil-down increase when people think about their own death, but not when they think about a tooth treatment (control condition). The effect was moderated by self-esteem; only people with low and medium self-esteem were influenced by mortality salience. Our results show that mortality salience automatically activates religious contents and their cognitive representations that embody these abstract contents.","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90296906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving forward from “Fertility and Faith”","authors":"Philip R. Jenkins","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023622","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technological advances have greatly increased life expectancy and cut infant mortality to a tiny fraction of its historic levels, making these norms no longer necessary for societal survival. These norms require repres-sing strong natural urges, but, since they present traditional norms as absolute values, most religions strongly resist change. The resulting tension, together with the fact that rising existential security has made people less dependent on religion, opened the way for an exodus from religion. His argument, nutshell, modern to autonomy, self-expression, and individual control over their bodies, sexuality and intimate relationships. Religions typically seek to regulate reproductive behavior, promote fertility, and defend traditional norms around sex, marriage and gender roles. choices,","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82021097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global fertility and the future of religion: addressing empirical and theoretical challenges","authors":"Nitzan Peri-Rotem","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023620","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary Japan. Journal of Religion in Japan, 1(1), 7–36. https://doi.org/10.1163/221183412X628370 Schaffnit, S. B., & Sear, R. (2017). Supportive families versus support from families: The decision to have a child in the Netherlands. Demographic Research, 37, 414–454. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.14 Schmitt, D. P., & Fuller, R. C. (2015). On the varieties of sexual experience: Cross-cultural links between religiosity and human mating strategies. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/rel/7/4/314/ Sear, R., & Coall, D. (2011). How much does family matter? Cooperative breeding and the demographic transition. Population and Development Review, 37(Suppl 1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00379.x Shaver, J. H., Power, E. A., Purzycki, B. G., Watts, J., Sear, R., Shenk, M. K., Sosis, R., & Bulbulia, J. A. (2020). Church attendance and alloparenting: An analysis of fertility, social support and child development among English mothers, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375(1805), 20190428. https://doi. org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0428 Shaver, J. H., Sibley, C. G., Sosis, R., Galbraith, D., & Bulbulia, J. (2019). Alloparenting and religious fertility: A test of the religious alloparenting hypothesis. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(3), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. evolhumbehav.2019.01.004 Snell, K. D. M. (2017). The rise of living alone and loneliness in history. Social History, 42(1), 2–28. https://doi.org/10. 1080/03071022.2017.1256093 Sosis, R. (2019). The building blocks of religious systems: Approaching religion as a complex adaptive system. In G. Y. Georgiev, J. M. Smart, C. L. Flores Martinez, &M. Price (Eds.), Evolution, development & complexity: Multiscale models of complex adaptive systems (pp. 421–449). Springer. Stearns, S. C. (1992). The evolution of life histories. http://www.sidalc.net/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=sibe01. xis&method=post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=007580 Strassmann, B. I., Kurapati, N. T., Hug, B. F., Burke, E. E., Gillespie, B. W., Karafet, T. M., & Hammer, M. F. (2012). Religion as a means to assure paternity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(25), 9781–9785. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110442109 Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 46(1), 35–57. https://doi. org/10.1086/406755 Turke, P. W. (1989). Evolution and the demand for children. Population and Development Review, 15(1), 61–90. https://doi.org/10.2307/1973405 Tuttle, R. H. (1992). The third chimpanzee: The evolution and future of the human animal. By Jared Diamond. New York: HarperCollins. 1992. 407 pp. ISBN 0-06-018307-1. $25.00 (cloth). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 89(3), 407–408. Van Slyke, J. A., & Szocik, K. (2020). Sexual selection and religion: Can the evolution of religion be explained in terms of mating strategies? Archive for the Psychology of Religio","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85736870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking the fertility and secular transitions","authors":"David Voas","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023619","url":null,"abstract":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2014.982905 Sear, R. (2021). The male breadwinner nuclear family is not the ‘traditional’ human family, and promotion of this myth may have adverse health consequences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 376(1827), 20200020. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0020 Sear, R., & Coall, D. (2011). How much does family matter? Cooperative breeding and the demographic transition. Population and Development Review, 37, 81–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00379.x Sear, R., Lawson, D. W., Kaplan, H., & Shenk, M. K. (2016). Understanding variation in human fertility: What can we learn from evolutionary demography? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371 (1692), 20150144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0144 Sear, R., & Mace, R. (2008). Who keeps children alive? A review of the effects of kin on child survival. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.10.001 Shaver, J. H. (2017). Why and how do religious individuals, and some religious groups, achieve higher relative fertility? Religion, Brain & Behavior, 7(4), 324–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2016.1249920 Shaver, J. H., Power, E. A., Purzycki, B. G., Watts, J., Sear, R., Shenk, M. K., Sosis, R., & Bulbulia, J. A. (2020). Church attendance and alloparenting: An analysis of fertility, social support and child development among English mothers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375(1805), 20190428. https://doi. org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0428 Shaver, J. H., Sibley, C. G., Sosis, R., Galbraith, D., & Bulbulia, J. (2019). Alloparenting and religious fertility: A test of the religious alloparenting hypothesis. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(3), 315–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.evolhumbehav.2019.01.004 Shenk, M., & Scelza, B. (2012). Paternal investment and status-related child outcomes: Timing of father’s death affects offspring success. Journal of Biosocial Science, 44(5), 549–569. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932012000053 Sosis, R., & Ruffle, B. J. (2003). Religious ritual and cooperation: Testing for a relationship on Israeli religious and secular kibbutzim. Current Anthropology, 44(5), 713–722. https://doi.org/10.1086/379260 Spake, L., Schaffnit, S. B., Sear, R., Shenk, M. K., Sosis, R., & Shaver, J. H. (2021). Mother’s partnership status and allomothering networks in the United Kingdom and United States. Social Sciences, 10(5), 182. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/socsci10050182 Spake, L., Watts, J., Hassan, A., Schaffnit, S., Lynch, R., Sosis, R., Sear, R., Shenk, M., & Shaver, J. H. (in preparation). Kin orientation in religious and non-religious women: A potential pathway to explain increased fertility of religious groups in low-fertility societies. Stack, C. B. (1983). All our kin: Strategies for survival in a black community (60837th edition). Basic Books. Ukwatta, S. (2010). Sri Lankan female do","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91356240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility and faith: insights from human behavioral ecology, evolutionary psychology, and life history theory","authors":"R. Lynch, M. Shenk, J. Shaver, L. Spake","doi":"10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023617","url":null,"abstract":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(51), 19111–19115. McLeod, H. (1974). Class and religion in the Late Victorian City. Croom Helm. Roof, W. C. (1993). A generation of seekers: The spiritual journeys of the baby boom generation. Harper. Wuthnow, R. (2007). After the baby boomers: How twentyand thirty-somethings are shaping the future of American religion. Princeton University Press. Zuckerman, P., Galen, L., & Pasquale, F. (2016). The nonreligious: Understanding secular people and societies. OUP.","PeriodicalId":45959,"journal":{"name":"Religion Brain & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}