Climate Change Economics最新文献

{"title":"ENERGY INTENSIVE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND GHG EMISSIONS.","authors":"Jared Creason,&nbsp;Jameel Alsalam,&nbsp;Kong Chiu,&nbsp;Allen A Fawcett","doi":"10.1142/s201000782150010x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s201000782150010x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper analyzes changes in U.S. energy-intensive, trade-exposed (EITE) manufacturing over the past decade, through the lens of previously proposed climate policy measures. The American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 defined measures and thresholds for EITE eligibility and proposed compensatory allowances designed to reduce negative competitive impacts to domestic industry and to prevent emissions leakage. We undertook a retrospective analysis of the 2009 eligibility criteria, using the same methods with more recent data to examine trends over the 2004-2017 period. We find that energy intensity, emissions intensity, output, and emissions have fluctuated with economic conditions, and defining measures and thresholds that remain informative is challenging. Had ACES been enacted as written and not revised, the number of sectors qualifying for rebates would have decreased from 39 to 26, after adjustment for the changes in North American Industry Classification System definitions. Emissions from the eligible sectors fell 26% across the three periods of analysis, while emissions from manufacturing as a whole fell 5%. We decompose the changes in emissions into scale and intensity measures based on a hybrid measure derived from Grossman and Krueger [(1993). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement. In The US-Mexico Free Trade Agreement, PM Garber (ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press] and Kaya and Yokoburi [(1997). Environment, Energy, and Economy: Strategies for Sustainability. Tokyo: United Nations University Press]. As an alternative, we perform the same analyses using the EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program data. These data, not available when ACES was written, offer annual greenhouse gas estimates for facilities that emit more than 25,000 tons CO₂e annually. Finally, we draw some recommendations for future policy including (1) using measures that make price level adjustments straightforward or unnecessary, (2) keeping EITE policy focused on a small group of industries to minimize sectoral reclassification problems, (3) identifying industries prone to emissions leakage rather than just changes in output and (4) consider spatial heterogeneity of emissions and trade patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687101/pdf/nihms-1752224.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE RESPONSE OF WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY TO CLIMATE PATTERNS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI DISTRICTS","authors":"F. Rehman, K. Sohag","doi":"10.1142/s2010007821500093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010007821500093","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the impact of climate variables on wheat production in 10 major wheat-producing districts of Pakistan. In doing so, we apply the Driscoll–Kraay approach to estimate the panel data from 1981 to 2019. Our empirical analysis reveals that climate variables, including temperature, rainfall and humidity, follow a common correlation across districts. We find that wheat productivity and temperature, as well as rainfall, follow an inverted U-shaped relation. The response of the wheat productivity is quadratic rather than linear towards average temperature and rainfall during the specific time of cultivation, including planting, flowering and harvesting. Besides, fertilizer use promotes and humidity impedes wheat productivity. Our findings are robust considering heterogeneity, serial correlation and spatial dependency.","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77298069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to Third Edition","authors":"T. Letcher","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-821575-3.05001-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821575-3.05001-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81185997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPTIMAL CLIMATE POLICY IN 3D: MITIGATION, CARBON REMOVAL, AND SOLAR GEOENGINEERING","authors":"Mariia Belaia, J. Moreno-Cruz, David William Keith","doi":"10.1142/s2010007821500081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010007821500081","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce solar geoengineering (SG) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) into an integrated assessment model to analyze the trade-offs between mitigation, SG, and CDR. We propose a novel empirical parameterization of SG that disentangles its efficacy, calibrated with climate model results, from its direct impacts. We use a simple parameterization of CDR that decouples it from the scale of baseline emissions. We find that (a) SG optimally delays mitigation and lowers the use of CDR, which is distinct from moral hazard; (b) SG is deployed prior to CDR while CDR drives the phasing out of SG in the far future; (c) SG deployment in the short term is relatively independent of discounting and of the long-term trade-off between SG and CDR over time; (d) small amounts of SG sharply reduce the cost of meeting a [Formula: see text]C target and the costs of climate change, even with a conservative calibration for the efficacy of SG.","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86296561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE NET REVENUE OF MAJOR CROP GROWING FARMERS IN PAKISTAN: A RICARDIAN APPROACH","authors":"A. Khan, Aadil Hameed Shah, Muhammad Iftikhar-ul-Husnain","doi":"10.1142/S2010007821500068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007821500068","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has severely affected the crops’ productivity during the last few decades across the agrarian economies of the world, thereby resulting in a considerable loss per farmer in the yearly net revenue. Pakistan’s agriculture is sensitive to warming and it experienced an adverse effect in the net farm revenue (NFR). This study primarily predicts the adverse climate effects and estimates the NFR of the farmers of five major crops (wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane and maize) in two different seasons, winter (Rabbi) and summer (Kharif), in Pakistan. This study is based upon the secondary cross-sectional data [Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan (HIES), 2015–2016] along with the time series data regarding climatic variables from 1981 to 2016. A well-established Ricardian approach has been employed to test the association between net revenue of the farmer and climatic variability. Results of overall study conclude that increases in average summer (winter) temperature and average winter (summer) rainfall have adverse (favorable) impacts on all of the crops’ productivity during both seasons, winter (Rabbi) and summer (Kharif), in Pakistan, thus leading to a decline (an increase) in NFR. Future increases in temperature will be harmful and may lead to significant loss in the revenue amount. The analysis of adaptation techniques exhibits beneficial impacts on the NFR and it is concluded that adaptations are helpful tool for the farmers to minimize revenue loss.","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78505527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WEATHER VARIABILITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AND FARMER SUICIDES IN INDIA","authors":"Sonal Barve, K. Kumar, Brinda Viswanathan","doi":"10.1142/S2010007821500056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007821500056","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization, commercialization, modernization, erratic climatic conditions, individual expectations, contagion, and government policies are some of the reasons attributed to farmers’ suicides. This study hypothesizes that farmer suicides in India are primarily linked to loss in agricultural productivity which in turn is affected by adverse weather and low penetration of irrigation networks. Using panel data of 16 major states in India, from 1996 to 2015 and Control Function (CF) approach, the study shows that keeping all other factors fixed, a one degree rise in temperature results in 4.8% higher farmer suicides through a 3.6% decline in agricultural productivity. Further, the study highlights the significant role played by the contagion factors influencing farmer suicides. The study argues for policy responses that address covariate shocks arising from weather vagaries, price volatility, and liquidity constraint as well as idiosyncratic shocks arising from farmer-specific characteristics.","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88528925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOW MUCH COULD ARTICLE 6 ENHANCE NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION AMBITION TOWARD PARIS AGREEMENT GOALS THROUGH ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY?","authors":"J. Edmonds, Shan Yu, H. Mcjeon, Dirk Forrister, Joseph E. Aldy, N. Hultman, R. Cui, Stephanie T. Waldhoff, L. Clarke, S. D. Clara, Clayton Munnings","doi":"10.1142/s201000782150007x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s201000782150007x","url":null,"abstract":"The Paris Agreement of 2015 uses Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to achieve its goal to limit climate change to well below 2°C. Article 6 allows countries to cooperatively implement NDCs provided they do not double-count mitigation. We estimate that economic efficiency gains from cooperative implementation of existing NDC goals using Article 6 could reduce the cost of achieving NDC goals in 2030 to all parties by [Formula: see text]$[Formula: see text], which if reinvested in additional emissions mitigation could add 9 billion tons CO2/year mitigation, beyond the 8 billion tons CO2/year currently pledged in 2030. We estimate that more than half of the 2030 gains could come from nature-based measures, but long-term potential for nature-based measures is more limited. How much or even if this economic potential can be realized is uncertain and will depend on both the rules and their implementation.","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79231436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea Level Rise: A Worldwide Assessment of Risk and Protection Costs*","authors":"F.M.J. Hoozemans, C. H. Hulsbergen","doi":"10.1201/9781003069935-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003069935-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74290620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTIMATING THE POTENTIAL CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION IN 97 CONTRACTING COUNTRIES OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT","authors":"Yan Li, Yigang Wei","doi":"10.1142/S2010007821500044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007821500044","url":null,"abstract":"“The common but differentiated responsibilities” requires that participating countries in the Paris Agreement need to clarify their national emission reduction priorities and develop practical and feasible plans based on their local conditions. This paper aims to estimate the CO2 emission efficiency and the potential emission reduction of the Paris Agreement contracting countries and identify the key influencing factors of CO2 emission efficiency for the period of 1991–2014. A nonradial directional distance function, the metafrontier approach, and the bootstrapped truncated regression model are used. The following are the main conclusions: (1) China makes the highest annual potential CO2 emission reduction of 2133.13 billion tons. (2) The technology gap appears to be a major contributor to the potential CO2 emission reductions in the low income group (82.87%) and the lower–middle income group (66.01%), and thus these economies should pursue technological innovation to improve carbon emission efficiency; the potential CO2 emission reductions in other groups are mainly the result of management inefficiency (with 57.52% and 78.38% of potential emission reductions by the upper–middle income and high income countries coming from management inefficiency). Therefore, some countries in the specific income group exhibit different emission reduction focus. (3) According to a regression analysis on the CO2 emission efficiency contributing factors, the progress of total factor productivity and improvement of management level can improve the CO2 emission efficiency. This study might be the first attempt to decompose the potential CO2 emission reduction of these countries and provides each country with targeted, effective emission reduction priorities.","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87812162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird ecology","authors":"W. Fiedler","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-821575-3.00017-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821575-3.00017-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45922,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90494399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}