CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES最新文献_第5页

Potential cyber-threats against Canada’s critical infrastructure: an investigation of online discussion forums 针对加拿大关键基础设施的潜在网络威胁:对在线论坛的调查

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081568

Noelle Warkentin, Richard Frank, Yuxuan Zhang, Naomi Zakimi

{"title":"Potential cyber-threats against Canada’s critical infrastructure: an investigation of online discussion forums","authors":"Noelle Warkentin, Richard Frank, Yuxuan Zhang, Naomi Zakimi","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081568","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Critical infrastructures (CI) are connecting their systems to the internet at an increasing rate, providing the opportunity for malicious actors to attack these systems using cyber-weapons. Compromised systems then pose issues for the affected company, and may disrupt the broader population. The purpose of the current study was to analyze IP addresses collected from discussion forums, with a specific interest in which Canadian CIs could potentially be at risk of a cyber-attack. Overall, 897,524 IP addresses were extracted from 47,134,503 posts across 20 discussion forums, 39,164 of which were associated with Canadian CI. Of all Canadian CI sectors, the majority of IP addresses were found to belong to the information and technology sector. A thematic analysis of posts containing IP addresses was conducted, revealing that the majority of posters were sharing large lists of IP addresses with no context given. Lastly, a keyword search was employed on the forums in an attempt to understand discussions surrounding CI. A thematic analysis was employed on a random sample of posts containing keywords, revealing two major themes: Potential threat and threat information. Findings from this study reveal that information useful for conducting cyber-attacks against CI is being shared within these online forums.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"35 1","pages":"322 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48205859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing the offender-to-victim transition with parental support, low neighborhood disorder, positive school culture, and moral cognition: protective and promotive factors and the person proximity effect 父母支持、低邻里障碍、积极的学校文化和道德认知对罪犯向受害者转变的管理:保护、促进因素和人的接近效应

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2083615

G. Walters

{"title":"Managing the offender-to-victim transition with parental support, low neighborhood disorder, positive school culture, and moral cognition: protective and promotive factors and the person proximity effect","authors":"G. Walters","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2083615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2083615","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Victim-offender overlap is examined from the standpoint of offending leading to victimization by way of the peer selection effect, routines activities and lifestyle choice, and person proximity. The current investigation focused on the potential role of protective and promotive factors in managing the offender-to-victim transition. Participants were 1,760 juveniles from the British-based longitudinal Offending, Crime and Justice Survey (OCJS) who were under the age of 18 at the start of the study. Three waves of data were analyzed, the preliminary results of which confirmed the person proximity effect (offending → peer delinquency → victimization). Although four potential protective/promotive factors (parental support, low neighborhood disorder, positive school culture, and moral cognition) failed to interact with the first two variables in the person proximity sequence (i.e. offending and peer delinquency), there was some evidence of a promotive effect for two of these factors. Parental support, for instance, produced a modest deterrent effect on Wave 2 peer delinquency, whereas low neighborhood disorder directly reduced the incidence of victimization. Even with these promotive effects, the person proximity effect remained intact. Further research is required to replicate the present findings and identify additional protective/promotive variables that may help mitigate the person proximity effect.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"35 1","pages":"235 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48815423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Let the convicts speak: a critical conversation of the ongoing language debate in convict criminology 让罪犯说话：罪犯犯罪学中正在进行的语言辩论的批判性对话

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066661

J. Ortiz, Alison Cox, D. Kavish, Grant Tietjen

引用次数: 4

The forces that divide: understanding tension and unity among provincial correctional workers in Canada 分裂的力量：理解加拿大省级惩教工作者之间的紧张关系和团结

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2061479

Laura McKendy, R. Ricciardelli

{"title":"The forces that divide: understanding tension and unity among provincial correctional workers in Canada","authors":"Laura McKendy, R. Ricciardelli","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2061479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2061479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recognizing the importance of occupational social climates in shaping correctional work, we consider how social relations of work are understood by provincial correctional workers, including how organizational and operational factors influence such relations. Open-ended survey responses with provincial correctional workers in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba were thematically analyzed to explore perceptions of unity and tension within the occupational social terrain. We found a notable disconnect between frontline staff and senior management, marked by a bottom-up sense of mistrust and frustration. Contrary to findings elsewhere, a sense of outward suspicion did not appear to occur in parallel to a strong inward solidarity. Horizontal social relations were often described as fragmented due to factors such as divisive social practices (e.g. gossiping, cliques), normative occupational ideals, labor and work structures that create status differences and fluid work environments, and trying conditions of work. In this context, individualist rather than collectivist dispositions can come to shape working orientations, thus representing a contrast from traditional elements of frontline correctional cultures, such as in-group solidarity and loyalty.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"35 1","pages":"200 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44149185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Affirmative Consent on campus: student understanding, perceptions of effectiveness, and behavioral change 校园的肯定同意:学生的理解、有效性的感知和行为改变

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051703

Tasha J Youstin

{"title":"Affirmative Consent on campus: student understanding, perceptions of effectiveness, and behavioral change","authors":"Tasha J Youstin","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Affirmative Consent (AC) policies have become a popular way for universities across the US to address the issue of sexual assault on campus. This study utilizes a sample of over 1400 university students to address student self-identified understanding of AC, perceptions of AC policy effectiveness at decreasing sexual assaults on campus, and self-reported behavior change. Results show that about 80% of the sample reported understanding AC, a slight majority of the sample (53%) believed AC policies were effective, and only 20.5% of respondents reported changing their own behavior as a result of AC policies. Exposure to AC through professors or administrators increased AC understanding and perceptions of effectiveness. Knowing others who changed their own behavior was significantly related to understanding of AC, perceived effectiveness of AC, and personal self-reported behavior change. Additionally, issue salience as measured through self-reported concern about sexual assault on campus and self-reported fear of sexual assault on campus was related to perceived effectiveness and self-reported behavior change. Multivariate analyses explored these issues further and raise questions of the ability of these policies alone to combat sexual assault on campus.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"35 1","pages":"162 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the effects of job burnout and work-family conflict on correctional officer turnover intent 工作倦怠和工作家庭冲突对狱警离职意向的影响

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066660

S. Vickovic, W. Morrow, E. Lambert

{"title":"Examining the effects of job burnout and work-family conflict on correctional officer turnover intent","authors":"S. Vickovic, W. Morrow, E. Lambert","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066660","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Voluntary correctional officer turnover can have devastating effects. Turnover intent is usually the last stage before actual voluntary turnover. Building upon past research, the current study examined the effects of work-family conflict and job burnout on the turnover intent of officers, while testing to see if these effects were moderated by job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Data came from a survey of 664 officers at two Southwestern state prisons and were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. The time-based and strain-based dimensions of work-family conflict were measured, as were the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The measures of work-family conflict and job burnout were significant predictors of turnover intent. When job satisfaction and organizational commitment were added to the model job burnout was no longer significant, but both measures of work-family conflict were. Both satisfaction and commitment had significant negative associations and were the best predictors of correctional officer turnover intent. The results indicate that efforts are needed to raise satisfaction and commitment among officers and to lower time-based and strain-based conflict to reduce turnover intent. Turnover in correctional services is an international issue and the findings and policy implications of this study are internationally applicable.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"35 1","pages":"111 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46072994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

From seduction to registration: case studies of women in the sex industry 从引诱到登记：性行业女性案例研究

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051143

R. Worley, Ginger Gummelt

引用次数: 1

Residency restrictions, race, and homelessness among registered sex offenders 居住限制，种族，以及在册性犯罪者中的无家可归者

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2026352

Emily E. Suiter, T. S. Andersen

{"title":"Residency restrictions, race, and homelessness among registered sex offenders","authors":"Emily E. Suiter, T. S. Andersen","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2026352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2026352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent decades, the number of individuals on sex offender registries has increased, many of whom are subject to codified residency restrictions that forbid residing within certain geographic locations and therefore limit viable housing options. As a result, many convicted sex offenders struggle with unstable housing and homelessness. While there is a growing body of research concerning residency restrictions and unstable housing among sex offenders, no study, to our knowledge, has explored whether the association between residency restrictions and homelessness is stronger for Black and Hispanic registrants. Using data from the Chicago Sex Offender Registry, this study examined of the relationship between residency restrictions and sex offender homelessness. Registrants subject to residency restrictions had a substantially higher risk of homelessness than their counterparts. Furthermore, residency restriction status and race interacted in their association with homelessness, such that the deleterious impact of residency restrictions was magnified for Black registrants. The results of the analyses demonstrate that Black sex offender registrants disproportionately disadvantaged by residency restrictions and highlight the importance of developing evidence-based monitoring strategies that prevent and end homelessness among convicted sex offenders.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"35 1","pages":"132 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48977757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Examining the relationship between the unique work experiences and cultural orientations of police officers 考察警务人员独特的工作经历与文化取向之间的关系

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-12-19 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.2019032

Logan J. Somers, W. Terrill

{"title":"Examining the relationship between the unique work experiences and cultural orientations of police officers","authors":"Logan J. Somers, W. Terrill","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.2019032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.2019032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study builds upon limited prior research that has assessed the relationship between elements of police culture and a host of unique officer work experiences (e.g. tenure, assigned shift and area, the number of shifts and areas worked, supervisory experience, specialized unit assignment). The sample consists of survey data from over 700 officers from a large police department in the western United States. The results demonstrated that while officers’ assigned shift and area had little effect, a number of other experiences were influential. Officers who had worked a greater number of shifts in their career were more likely to view policing as dangerous; and patrol officers were more likely to view management negatively. Further, specialized unit officers were less likely to view citizens negatively and less oriented toward order-maintenance or community policing than their patrol counterparts. Importantly, experience as measured simply by the number of years on the job, as opposed to other unique work experiences, showed that more senior officers were less likely to view citizens negatively and believe crime fighting should be a top priority, but more likely to view top management through a negative lens. We conclude by reviewing several implications and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"35 1","pages":"182 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42408510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Crime and specific vacancy types in smaller cities and towns 小城市和城镇的犯罪和特定空缺类型

IF 1.8

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.2006196

Jeffrey J. Roth

引用次数: 2