International Journal of Conservation Science最新文献_第4页

Characteristics of Site from Scientific Analysis of Iron By-product Excavated from Osong in Cheongju, Korea 韩国清州五松铁副产物科学分析的遗址特征

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.07

Da Yeon Jung, N. Cho

{"title":"Characteristics of Site from Scientific Analysis of Iron By-product Excavated from Osong in Cheongju, Korea","authors":"Da Yeon Jung, N. Cho","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of the sites were identified through scientific analysis of by-products excavated from Osong site in Cheongju, and regional characteristics were investigated by comparing the by-products of Jincheon Songdu-ri, Jincheon Gusan-ri, and Cheongwon Yeonje-ri site at the same time. In the total Fe and deoxidation agent by smelting, direct smelting total Fe is 33.16-59.01 wt%, and deoxidation agent is 20.58-51.54 wt%, and Osong sites correspond to this. The compound analysis result indicated that fayalite and wüstite, oliven are the main compounds in slag. Furthermore, the microstructure analysis result confirmed the presence of fayalite and wüstite in the slag. In particular, two of the four samples have high CaO content, and Kirschsteinite was detected as a result of XRD analysis, and Kirschsteinite was also confirmed in Raman micro-spectroscopy analysis. This is a major feature of the slag of Osong sites in Cheongju used in this analysis, and it is estimated that the ingredients contained in the original ore have been eluted. In the case of locally close Jincheon Songdu-ri, Jincheon Gusan-ri, and Cheongwon Yeonje-ri, the overall amount of total Fe and deoxidation agent were similar, and as a result of comparing rare earth elements, it is estimated that there is no significant difference in raw materials. Through these results, the Osong sites in Cheongju produced iron by direct smelting using raw ore containing Kirschsteinite with high CaO content, and similar iron-making process characteristics were confirmed in all four sites.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90904081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Material Characteristics and Manufacturing Techniques Interpretation for the Casting Molds from the Silla Urban Site of Hwangnyongsa in Gyeongju, Korea 韩国庆州黄龙寺新罗城市遗址铸造模具的材料特性和制造技术解释

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.05

H. Jin, Sungyoon Jang, H. Kim, M. Lee

{"title":"Material Characteristics and Manufacturing Techniques Interpretation for the Casting Molds from the Silla Urban Site of Hwangnyongsa in Gyeongju, Korea","authors":"H. Jin, Sungyoon Jang, H. Kim, M. Lee","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the material characteristics of casting molds found at the Silla urban site of Hwangnyongsa in Gyeongju to interpret manufacturing techniques of casting mold for bronze used in the Unified Silla period. The casting molds appear to be earthen molds for bronze-making, with a thick ceramic wall and are classified into inner and outer mold types. The molds show a layered structure, with a silt layer thinly applied to the earthen mold surface. This layer comes into contact with melted metal during bronze manufacturing and is located on the outside of inner molds and inside of outer molds. The paste layer exhibits fine-grained texture with a bimodal structure. Thin section analysis reveals planar voids in the paste, which were made by the carbonization of rice husks used as a temper during the firing process. The silt layer is mainly composed of very fine-grained quartz and feldspars without clay and plant tempers. It is estimated that the casting molds were made by mixing soil with tempers of minerals and rice husks, applying a silt layer to the surface of the molds, and experiencing temperatures below 1,000℃. Overall, the selection of different raw materials for each layer of the molds is connected with efficiency to ensure the permeability and thermal resistance during the casting process and easy release of the bronze object from the molds.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86685002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Study on Evaluation Methods of Conserving Painted Sculpture 彩塑保护评价方法研究

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.02

Dae Geon Beom, Song Yi Song, K. Chung

引用次数: 0

Applicability of Phenoxyethanol as a Preservative in Animal Glue for Dancheong 苯氧乙醇作为丹青动物胶防腐剂的适用性

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.06

Ga Yeong Ryu, J. Y. Kim, K. Han

{"title":"Applicability of Phenoxyethanol as a Preservative in Animal Glue for Dancheong","authors":"Ga Yeong Ryu, J. Y. Kim, K. Han","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The animal glue used as a vehicle in dancheong easily rots, thereby not allowing easy storage and usability. Therefore, the study explored a method of delaying the rate of rotting through a method of adding preservatives to the animal glue, which increases resistance against microorganisms. For the preservative, the study selected the best condition in terms of preservative efficacy out of three conditions (Phenoxyethanol, Phenoxyethanol : Ethylhexylglycerin (9 : 1), alum) through the use of biological experimentation. Consequently, the study found that the exclusive use of phenoxyethanol demonstrated the highest level of preservative effect. The preservative efficacy under this condition was proportional to the mixing concentration of the preservative, and in particular, the initial growth rate of mold was roughly 1.4 to 2 times lower than the condition where no preservatives were added. Based on these results, a material properties evaluation and a weathering test were used to observe the impact of phenoxyethanol on the material properties and the colored layer of the animal glue. Ultimately, the impact of phenoxyethanol on the viscosity, pH of animal glue, and chromaticity of the colored layer was small. Discoloration and flaking characteristic due to degradation was similar to a condition of not applying phenoxyethanol. The study confirmed phenoxyethanol to be stable in term s of the m aterial properties and the colored layer of the anim al glue for up to a m axim um of 20% of the weight of the animal glue. Simultaneously, phenoxyethanol was confirmed to improve the preservative efficacy of the animal glue.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76264218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Conservation and Material Study of the Fire-fighting Nozzle Culture Heritage 消防喷头文化遗产的保护与材料研究

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.01

Seo Hyun Baek, Seong U Park, Ye Eun Cho, Bo A Rhee, Sangdoo Ahn

{"title":"A Conservation and Material Study of the Fire-fighting Nozzle Culture Heritage","authors":"Seo Hyun Baek, Seong U Park, Ye Eun Cho, Bo A Rhee, Sangdoo Ahn","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Fire-fighting culture heritage refer to tangible items and materials that contain stories related to fire-fighting. Among the fire-fighting items, the nozzles, which play a large part in extinguishing fires, are of great conservation value because few of them are left as culture heritage. In this study, conservation treatment was performed while observing the surface and corrosion state of two nozzle culture heritage used for fire-fighting. The processes were recorded by reflectance transformation imaging technique. In addition, the material characteristics were examined through observation of surface microstructure and component analysis of a total of 3 samples, including 2 of these relics and 1 of recently produced nozzle. As a result, it was confirmed that most of the rust on the nozzle surface was atacamite, and that nantokite remained partially. The base metal of the nozzle was presumed to be red brass among the types of brass, considering that it contains Cu as the main element, 2 to 15% of Zn, 5% or less of Sn, and 8% or less of Pb as additional alloying elements. In addition, the crystal segregation did not disappear and the solid solution was generated as a heterogeneous dendrite, indicating that the brass casting used as a fire nozzle was rapidly cooled.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88522567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific Characterization of Coloration Pigments and Deterioration Diagnosis on the Surface for the Gilt-bronze Seated Bodhisattva at Cheongyang Unjangam Hermitage, Korea 韩国清阳云江庵金青铜坐像表面着色颜料的科学表征及变质诊断

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.04

C. Lee, Joon-Sik Chae, H. Yang

{"title":"Scientific Characterization of Coloration Pigments and Deterioration Diagnosis on the Surface for the Gilt-bronze Seated Bodhisattva at Cheongyang Unjangam Hermitage, Korea","authors":"C. Lee, Joon-Sik Chae, H. Yang","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"The gilt-bronze seated Bodhisattva in Unjangam hermitage is known as an artifact of the 14th century. The main deteriorations of the statue are cracks, peeling and exfoliation in gold-gilding layers and coloration pigments. This is a factor that not only degrades aesthetics but can also cause additional damages. Ultrasonic velocity of the statue was mean 2,140 m/sec, showing low physical properties at the lowest part of the left and right sides. Surface on the body and coronal of the statue was gold gilding and colorfully colored by pigments. In the statue, Ti and Ca are highly detected in bottom pigment layers. This is affected by shell whitewash and modern titanium white, and the black pigment seems to have been used for black ink. In red, components of iron oxides, copper oxide and Pb3O4 were detected. Blue is considered as patina, and green pigments are divided into green and dark green depending on the saturation, and containing Cr2O4 and CaCO3 as the main components were used. The surface on the statue uses Cu-bearing gold and modern synthetic pigments, the overall color is dull and it does not match the formality and era. Therefore, it is necessary to repair it according to the production period and original form based on historical studies.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73457616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Study on the Applicability of Cathodic Protection for the Outdoor Sculptures Corrosion 室外雕塑腐蚀阴极防护的适用性研究

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.03

Dae Geon Beom, Song Yi Song, K. Chung

{"title":"A Study on the Applicability of Cathodic Protection for the Outdoor Sculptures Corrosion","authors":"Dae Geon Beom, Song Yi Song, K. Chung","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we proposed the sacrificial anode cathodic protection method as a countermeasure to reduce the corrosion of the steel sculptures under outdoor conditions and proved the anticorrosive effect experimentally. To affix the Mg sacrificial anode and the steel plate specimen, an adhesive bonding strength test was conducted with three types of conductive adhesives. Hence, the suitability of the conductive epoxy adhesive was confirmed, and a C-clamp experiment was conducted to supplement the connection. In addition, by applying a sacrificial anode suitable for the soil where the artwork is installed, the field applicability was reviewed through an artificial determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions test(salt fog/dry/humid) to prove the suitability of the cathodic protection method by sacrificial anode. Hence, corrosion monitoring is in progress by test-laying steel plate specimens in an outdoor sculpture park to identify natural deterioration. In the future, based on the results of the outdoor exposure test, we plan to determine the proper method of bonding the sacrificial anode and the steel sculpture, and the replacement period of the sacrificial anode.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86721375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insect Identification and Signs of Damage on Organic Monuments from Ancient Egypt-Saqqara 古埃及萨卡拉有机遗迹的昆虫鉴定和破坏迹象

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.10

M. Abdallah

引用次数: 0

The Importance of Flora in the Perception of Attractiveness for Tourism- Case of Ojców National Park (Southern Poland) 植物群在旅游吸引力感知中的重要性——以Ojców国家公园为例（波兰南部）

IF 0.8

International Journal of Conservation Science Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.14

P. Różycki, Kinga KOSTRAKIEWICZ-GIERAŁT

引用次数: 0

Objects-Performances are the Key to Revitalizing the Historical Centers of Small Towns 对象-表演是小城镇历史中心振兴的关键