Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health最新文献_第2页

What is wrong with Chinese COVID-19 statistics? 中国新冠肺炎统计数据有什么问题?

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.54103/2282-0930/20637

I. Nesteruk

引用次数: 2

Joint frailty model for recurrent events and a terminal event in the presence of cure fraction 复发事件的关节衰弱模型和治疗分数存在的终末事件

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.54103/2282-0930/20639

Zahra Arab Borzu, A. Baghestani, E. Talebi Ghane, Aliakbar Khadem Maboudi, A. Akhavan, A. Saeedi

引用次数: 0

Phase III Failures for a Lack of Efficacy can be, in Significant Part, Recovered (Introducing Success Probability Estimation Quantitatively) 第三阶段因缺乏疗效而导致的失败可以在很大程度上得到恢复(定量地引入成功概率估计)

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.54103/2282-0930/20638

D. De Martini

{"title":"Phase III Failures for a Lack of Efficacy can be, in Significant Part, Recovered (Introducing Success Probability Estimation Quantitatively)","authors":"D. De Martini","doi":"10.54103/2282-0930/20638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2282-0930/20638","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of phase III trials failures is approximately 42-45%, and most of them are due to a lack of efficacy. Some of the failures for a lack of efficacy are expected, due to type I errors in phase II and type II errors in phase III. However, the rate of these failures is far from saturating the global failure rate due to a lack of efficacy.In this work, the probability of unexpected failure for a lack of efficacy in phase III trials is estimated to be about 14%, with credibility interval (9%, 18%). These failures can be recovered through an adequate planning/empowering of phase II, and by adopting conservative estimation for the sample size of phase III. The software SP4CT (a free web application available at www.sp4ct.com) allows these computations. This 14% rate of unexpected failures gives that every year approximately 270,000 patients uselessly undergo a phase III trial with a large damage in individual ethics; moreover, the unavailability of many effective treatments is a considerable damage for collective ethics. The 14% of unexpected failures also produces more than $11bn of pure waste, and generates a much higher lack of revenue given by drugs’ marketing.","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81450781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk factors and control of hospital acquired infections: a comparison between Wikipedia and scientific literature 医院获得性感染的风险因素和控制:维基百科与科学文献的比较

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.2427/8744

E. Allara

{"title":"Risk factors and control of hospital acquired infections: a comparison between Wikipedia and scientific literature","authors":"E. Allara","doi":"10.2427/8744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/8744","url":null,"abstract":"Background: nowadays Wikipedia is one of the main on-line sources of general information. It contains several items about nosocomial infections and their prevention, together of items on virtually every scientific topic. \u0000This study aims to assess whether Wikipedia can be considered a reliable source for professional updating, concerning Healthcare-associated Infections (HAI). \u0000Methods: Wikipedia has been searched in order to gather items on HAI. 387 items were found with a search string. The field of research was reduced at those articles (27 items) containing exhaustive information in relation to prevention of HAI. The messages contained in those articles were than compared with the recommendations of a selected guideline (NICE 2003), completed by a literature search, with the aim of testing their reliability and exhaustivity. \u0000Results: 15 Wiki items were found and 51 messages selected. NICE guidelines contained 119 recommendations and 52 more recommendations has been found in a further literature search. 45.1% of Wikipedia’s messages were even found in the guidelines. On this percentage, 21.6% completely agreed with the messages of the guidelines, 15.7% partially agreed, 3.9% disagreed and 3.9% showed different level of evidence in different articles. Moreover, 54.9% of Wikipedia’s messages were not included in the guidelines and 84.2% of the recommendations contained in the guidelines were not present in Wikipedia. \u0000Conclusions: Wikipedia should not be considered as a reliable source for professional updating on HAI.","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89405383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confounding adjustment through front-door blocking in longitudinal studies 纵向研究中通过前门阻断进行混淆校正

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.2427/8757

A. Sjölander, R. Bellocco

引用次数: 0

Multiple Imputation Based on Conditional Quantile Estimation 基于条件分位数估计的多重插值

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.2427/8758

M. Bottai, H. Zhen

引用次数: 5

Challenges in Dental Statistics: Data and Modelling 牙科统计的挑战:数据和建模

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.2427/8759

D. Matranga, G. Solinas, P. Castiglia

引用次数: 0

The governance of prevention in Italy 意大利的预防管理

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.2427/8814

A. Boccia, C. Vito, C. Marzuillo, W. Ricciardi, P. Villari

引用次数: 3

Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards patients with HIV/AIDS in staff nurses in one university hospital in Sicily 西西里岛一所大学医院护士对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的知识、态度和做法

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.2427/8731

M. Marranzano, R. Ragusa, M. Platania, G. Faro, M. A. Coniglio

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards patients with HIV/AIDS in staff nurses in one university hospital in Sicily","authors":"M. Marranzano, R. Ragusa, M. Platania, G. Faro, M. A. Coniglio","doi":"10.2427/8731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/8731","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards patients with HIV/AIDS are of ongoing interest, especially in developing countries. Nothing or very little is known about Italian nurses. \u0000Methods: HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of the nurses (n=107) from one university hospital inCatania,Sicily, were documented. Comparisons among nurses belonging to different Operative Units (O.U.) were conducted by the chi-square test (P<0.05). \u0000Results: although HIV was nurses’ main concern in regard to contracting infections in the workplace (54%), the vast majority of them (98%) had never refused an HIV/AIDS patient care assignment. Moreover, despite their concern of being more at risk of contracting HIV than the general population (41%), a not negligible percentage of nurses did not use gloves routinely (21%) and only a few treated all patients as potentially HIV-positive (9%). The vast majority of the respondents knew the meaning of AIDS (87%) and of a positive serological test (78%). On the contrary, a relatively low percentage of them knew what is the ‘window period’ (62%) and were acquainted with HIV pathophysiology (65%). No statistically significant differences in terms of risk perception were found between nurses who had previously attended an HIV/AIDS workshop, lecture or specific course (43%) and nurses who did not (57%). Level of knowledge was positively associated to age (P=0.000) and to education (P=0.016), and it was found higher in nurses working in a O.U. of Infectious Diseases. \u0000Conclusions: data from our study show that also in developed countries, such as Italy, nurses could have some misconceptions and concerns about HIV/AIDS. The importance of examining the impact of continuing education on nurses’ preparedness to care for patients with HIV/AIDS and to prevent the risks of occupational HIV transmission is discussed. \u0000","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"352 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76589141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Some uses of predictive probability of success in clinical drug development 预测成功概率在临床药物开发中的一些应用

Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.2427/8760

M. Gasparini, L. D. Scala, F. Bretz, A. Racine‐Poon

{"title":"Some uses of predictive probability of success in clinical drug development","authors":"M. Gasparini, L. D. Scala, F. Bretz, A. Racine‐Poon","doi":"10.2427/8760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/8760","url":null,"abstract":"Predictive probability of success is a (subjective) Bayesian evaluation of the prob- ability of a future successful event in a given state of information. In the context of pharmaceutical clinical drug development, successful events relate to the accrual of positive evidence on the therapy which is being developed, like demonstration of su- perior efficacy or ascertainment of safety. Positive evidence will usually be obtained via standard frequentist tools, according to the regulations imposed in the world of pharmaceutical development.Within a single trial, predictive probability of success can be identified with expected power, i.e. the evaluation of the success probability of the trial. Success means, for example, obtaining a significant result of a standard superiority test.Across trials, predictive probability of success can be the probability of a successful completion of an entire part of clinical development, for example a successful phase III development in the presence of phase II data.Calculations of predictive probability of success in the presence of normal data with known variance will be illustrated, both for within-trial and across-trial predictions.","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75263834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8