Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: integrating local landscape management in a globalised world – practices and pathways","authors":"S. Swaffield, J. Primdahl","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1145553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1145553","url":null,"abstract":"© 2016 The royal danish Geographical society CONTACT simon swaffield swaffies@lincoln.ac.nz Urbanisation, population growth, limited land and environmental concerns are putting the world’s farmers under growing pressure to increase productivity in sustainable ways (Lambin & Meyfroidt, 2011). Policy responses include seeking greater efficiency of production and distribution through globalisation of technologies (Coleman, Grant, & Josling, 2004), intensification of farming systems (Reenberg & Fenger, 2011; Rudel et al., 2009), integration of global food networks (Dickson-Hoyle & Reenberg, 2009; Ericksen, 2008) and creation of more open markets (Anderson & Josling, 2005). At the same time, sustainability scientists warn of the environmental risks and consequences of agricultural intensification (Tilman, Cassman, Matson, Naylor, & Polasky, 2002); urban consumers demand higher moral and environmental standards in their food supply (Morgan, Marsden, & Murdoch, 2007); and society requires a growing range of material and non-material ecosystem services from production landscapes (Wratten, Sandhu, Cullen, & Costanza, 2013). At the local landscape level, farmers manage land as producers, owners and citizens (Primdahl & Kristensen, 2011; Primdahl, Kristensen, & Busck, 2013b). The way they do this and how they combine the three roles depends on the nature and locality of the biophysical landscape, the farmer’s own situation (full-time farmer, tenant farmer, lifestyle farmer and employed farm workers), the local community (or lack of it), the impacts of urbanisation upon peri-urban and rural landscapes (Orsini, 2013; Primdahl, Kristensen, & Swaffield, 2013a; Zasada, Fertner, Piorr, & Nielsen, 2011) and the farmers’ relationships with the wider market trends and policy agenda (Plieninger & Beiling, 2012; Primdahl & Swaffield, 2010). Thus, the ways that agricultural landscapes are structured and function vary enormously, even within the developed world, and these diverse processes and relationships raise significant policy design and implementation questions about how to effectively integrate efficient global food supply systems with sustainable management of local landscapes as settings for living, working and service provision (Primdahl & Swaffield, 2010; Primdahl et al 2013b; Swaffield & Primdahl, 2014; Termorshuizen & Opdam, 2009). One common feature, however, is that the links between local landscapes and the rest of the world are becoming increasingly complex and interrelated (BirchThomsen & Kristensen, 2005; Mertz, Wadley, & Christensen, 2005). Globalisation means that decisions and practices in particular landscapes become relatively less related to local and regional contexts, and increasingly linked to (affecting and affected by) decisions and practices in other distal landscapes (Reenberg & Primdahl, 2009). Land use in an urbanised world is becoming telecoupled (Seto & Reenberg, 2014), and local landscapes increasingly become linked to multi-dimensio","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"183 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72666394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Destination cities of European exchange students","authors":"Christof Van Mol, P. Ekamper","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2015.1136229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1136229","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Erasmus programme is generally considered the flagship of intra-European exchange programmes in higher education, with more than three million participants since 1987. Whereas a number of studies investigated the determinants of student mobility decisions, no knowledge exists on the main destination cities of European exchange students. Our research note aims at filling this gap in the academic literature. Making use of a unique data-set from the European Commission containing micro-level data on the full population of Erasmus students for study purposes in 2012–2013 (n = 211,267), we provide a descriptive overview of the spatial distribution of Erasmus students at the city level. The results reveal that European exchange students are mainly attracted by capitals and second-tier metropolitan cities. Furthermore, the analysis reveals significant variation regarding the main region of origin of mobile students within most destination countries.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"183 1","pages":"85 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77373999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wine trails as organizational pathway toward landscape coherence: the case of the Finger Lakes region, New York, USA","authors":"T. Oles","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2015.1111767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1111767","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the role of so-called wine trails as planners and managers of viticultural landscapes, using the case of the Finger Lakes region in New York, USA. Using key informant interviews, it assesses the current capacity and the future potential of these non-governmental, fee-based ‘clubs’ to mediate between global markets and the local agricultural landscape in the absence of policy frameworks designed for this purpose. Though it finds little evidence of such mediation today, the paper argues that the structure and institutional position of wine trails, organizations whose members’ livelihoods depend substantially on long-term landscape coherence, position them to play a more assertive role in doing so in the future, particularly in places marked by lax planning regimes and scarce resources.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"51 1","pages":"24 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84949628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to sustainable landscape management: peer recognition as an indicator of effective ‘soft’ actions","authors":"S. Swaffield, H. Winchester","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2015.1084886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1084886","url":null,"abstract":"New Zealand is a food producer and exporter that combines neoliberal policy with performance-based environmental management, using ‘soft’ governance and actions where possible. Voluntary environmental farm awards are analysed to identify the landscape management activities recognised as best practice by peers at a farm level. Results highlight the importance of whole farm system management. However, the efficacy of reliance upon voluntary mechanisms is coming under increasingly critical scrutiny, as environmental conditions in intensive agricultural landscapes continue to decline. The research question this poses is whether whole farm plans can be practically and formally connected in three concurrent ways – to supply chain management, and to statutory planning frameworks and environmental regulations and to local landscape co-management – while still maintaining flexibility of action for the farmer.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"35 1","pages":"14 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74833599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamic monitoring of corn planting area distribution in response to climate change from 2001 to 2010: a case study of Northeast China","authors":"Lili Feng, Z. Jia, Jiahua Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2015.1101701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1101701","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has effects on crop distribution and production due to altering precipitation and temperature patterns. Northeast China is one of the most sensitive areas affected by climate change. In this study, MODIS09A1 data from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer incorporated with phenology data from 21 agro-meteorological stations were used to monitor the dynamic change of corn distribution in response to climate change in the Northeast China for the decade of 2001 and 2010. Corn area estimates and statistics had the same change trend from 2001 to 2010 showing an annual increase. Furthermore, in order to analyse the gravity centre variations of the corn distribution, regions were chosen with corn planting areas of more than 500 km2. Results showed that the main corn planting area had a trend to move towards high latitude and high longitude in response to climate change. It moved towards north about .58 degrees and east about .21 degrees between 2001 and 2010. The analysis of temperature and precipitation patterns revealed the same trend as the corn planting area. However, the corn area change was more sensitive to temperature than precipitation in Northeast China.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"44 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83088721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability of Kuwait coast to sea level rise","authors":"M. Alsahli, Ahmed M. Al-Hasem","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2015.1121403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1121403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Assessing coastal vulnerability to sea level rise (SLR) at local and regional scales is a fundamental step for designing successful long-term coastal management plans. This study was thus designed to assess Kuwait coastal vulnerability to SLR at four scenarios (.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 m). Potential inundated areas and the number of people at risk were estimated based on these SLR scenarios. A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) map of Kuwait was then computed based on the lowest scenario using eight parameters: elevation, coastal slope, geomorphology, distance to 20-m isobath, population, land use, cultural heritage and transportation. The geographic distribution of inundated areas at an SLR of .5 m revealed that the northern islands of Kuwait and coastal areas along Kuwait Bay would be highly impacted, whereas the coastal area near Shuaibah Port was the most influenced among the southern coasts. Most of the coastal area exhibited a moderate vulnerability to SLR, especially the northern islands. This study presented an initial vulnerability assessment for Kuwait coasts to SLR, which can be extended with more variables. The integrated remote sensing and geographic information system methodology demonstrated in this study can be applied in similar studies elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"13 1","pages":"56 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79153381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved land tenure not the driver of economic development in a Vietnamese community","authors":"C. Knudsen, O. Mertz","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2015.1096745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1096745","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the restructuring of the Vietnamese economy in 1986, the Communist party of Vietnam (CPV) took the decision to leave central planning and build a market economy in Vietnam. In order to promote rural development and deal with deforestation, poverty and declining agricultural profitability, the government implemented the forestland allocation policies (FLA) and started a process of decentralization. This research note examines the impact of FLA policies on the agricultural practices of an upland community in central Vietnam and discusses the effects of increased tenure security. It is shown that the promotion of a sedentary production system has altered the sustainability of swidden agriculture leading to declining profitability and that a transition towards new crops and specialized crop cultivation has compensated for the loss. Furthermore, it is argued that the FLA policies have increased the villagers’ incentive to invest, their access to credit and the forest area of the village, but that the CPV has been the main driver of these changes rather than the increased tenure security.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"390 1","pages":"82 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78064153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global and local policy forces for landscape perennialization in central North American agriculture","authors":"R. Corry","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1141059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1141059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Farm production practices often focus on mitigating negative consequences of cropping – particularly annual crops like corn, cereals and oilseeds. Some of North America’s most-intensive farmlands are rapidly converting their remaining perennial cover to annual crops. While perennial cover like woodlands, grasslands and wetlands are valued for the many landscape services they provide, they are vulnerable to conversion to other cover types under drivers of landscape change. Conversions within farms constitute nuances rather than new land uses, yet landscape composition effects can be substantial when considering habitat, biodiversity, soil and water quality, carbon sequestration, and aesthetics. As the farm landscape becomes increasingly dominated by annual crop vegetation, the key drivers behind land cover types and management merit critical examination. This paper reviews recent studies on farmland composition and management in central Canada and the United States, identifying trajectories and magnitudes of landscape changes. To consider forces, both speculative examination of policies and information from farmer interviews help identify motivations for changes in perennial or annual proportions of farm landscapes. The paper concludes with forces that increase perennialization and existing or prospective pathways to improve the balance between annual and perennial vegetation.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"13 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85476407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A local landscape in transition between production and consumption goals: can new management arrangements preserve the local landscape character?","authors":"T. Pinto-Correia, M. Almeida, C. Gonzalez","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2015.1108210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1108210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Around towns in the Alentejo region, the landscape is dominated by a characteristic agricultural small-scale mosaic. These areas are central in the region landscape character – even if the large-scale latifundia landscape of the extensive silvo-pastoral systems is most commonly associated with the region. In the last two decades, these parcels became extremely attractive for new comers, who settle in the rural context as residents, week-end visitors, being often also lifestyle farmers. The paper presents a case study landscape, in Montemor-o-Novo, a small town 100 km from Lisbon, highly subject to the pressure for consumption uses, by urban users. The study shows that the new owners, even if they have settled in the area due to the tranquility and social bindings of the rural, end up doing farming, with new or reshaped production objectives, markets and models, but at the same time maintaining the traditional farm systems. Thus, the landscape character is maintained, so far. Nevertheless, the role of these neo-rurals and lifestyle farmers is still an unseen role, both by the agriculture and the planning sectors. And thus the question is, whether the combination of actors and land management drivers will continue maintaining the landscape in the future.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"79 1","pages":"33 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90083036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Returning home: migrant connections and visions for local development in rural Nepal","authors":"Jytte Agergaard, Ditte Broegger","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2015.1118706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2015.1118706","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Migration to domestic and international destinations has become an emblematic feature of Nepal’s societal changes. Part of this development is education migration from rural to urban areas within the borders of Nepal, an often overlooked but increasingly important aspect of contemporary migration flows. By focusing on these educational migrants, this paper explores how they connect to their rural homes. Guided by a critical reading of the migration-development scholarship, the paper examines how migrants and their relatives make sense of educational migrants’ remitting and returning practices, and by comparing three groups of educational migrants, the migrants’ reasons for staying connected and sending remittances are scrutinized. The paper finds that although educational migrants do not generate extensive economic remittances for local development in Nepal, they stay connected to their rural homes and partake in important social remittance practices that represent a vision for impacting local development.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"28 1","pages":"71 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81616678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}