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Institutional Change, Market Evolution, and Informal Contractual Arrangements 制度变迁、市场演变与非正式契约安排
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-09-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-147529055
Chen Yu
{"title":"Institutional Change, Market Evolution, and Informal Contractual Arrangements","authors":"Chen Yu","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-147529055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-147529055","url":null,"abstract":"The major developments in the study of institutional economics in recent years has greatly deepened people's understanding of institutional change and market evolution. Generally speaking, institutional change is headed in the general direction of the continuous reduction of market transaction costs, allowing the owners of all sorts of resources to realize to the greatest extent possible their behavior in the course of transaction, and at the same time, to cause resources to flow into the hands of those for whom their use value would be the greatest, thus promoting the growth of the economy (North and Thomas, 1973). According to the general theory of institutional change, there are two types of institutional arrangements: first, fundamental institutional arrangements, and second, secondary institutional arrangements. In a gradualistic process of historical change, secondary institutional changes may well take place before there is a fundamental institutional change. \"Such changes that have the effect of deviating from, amending, and modifying, or circumventing the existing fundamental institutional arrangement will continue to generate pressure, thus eventually bringing about more radical change in the fundamental institutional arrangement\" (North and Thomas, 1971).","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"5-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2753/CES1097-147529055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Property Rights, the Government, and the Marketization of the Economy 产权、政府与经济市场化
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-09-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290531
Y. Xiaowei
{"title":"Property Rights, the Government, and the Marketization of the Economy","authors":"Y. Xiaowei","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290531","url":null,"abstract":"In a sense, the process of constructing a socialist market economic system is the process of constructing markets and realizing the marketization of the economy itself. In essence, the market is itself a relationship of competition and cooperation among people that is formed in the course of their economic activities. In other words, it is a relationship of voluntary exchange among mutually independent and at the same time mutually opposed entities of interest. It is precisely because of the existence of such a mutually interactive relationship that the exchange of equal values and the price mechanism existing among such interrelated entities play a regulative role in the economic activity of society and affect the deployment of resources.","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"31-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2753/CES1097-1475290531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Executive Unanimity: An Investigation of the Reforming of Public Function Organs in China (Appendix: Observation of a Community Library) 行政一致:中国公共职能机关改革调查(附:对某社区图书馆的观察)
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-09-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290561
Tang Shouning
{"title":"Executive Unanimity: An Investigation of the Reforming of Public Function Organs in China (Appendix: Observation of a Community Library)","authors":"Tang Shouning","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290561","url":null,"abstract":"Nonexclusive public consumption goods can, in general, be classified into two categories, namely, those that have physical form, such as national defense, and those that do not have physical form, such as all sorts of institutions and regulations. This categorization of public goods reflects two levels of personal choice in terms of collective decision making, that is, the executive level and the constitutional level. In constitutional collective decision making, the individual within the collective has to choose the rules that subsequent decision making will have to follow; in contrast, executive decision making is one in which a choice in terms of public goods is made on the basis of decision making rules and criteria that have already been fixed.","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"61-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2753/CES1097-1475290561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Part III The Impact of Reform on Local Finances 第三部分绪论:改革对地方财政的影响
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290466
G. Xiaolin
{"title":"Introduction to Part III The Impact of Reform on Local Finances","authors":"G. Xiaolin","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290466","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of articles in this section presents the views of local officials. In summarizing the local situation under the tax division system reform, these articles convey moral appeals of local officials to the central government to provide support and help local governments cope with the system change. The key issues in these discussions generally revolve around regional disparities, ethnic particularities, economic equity, local incentives, the transfer payment system, and central subsidies.","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"66-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2753/CES1097-1475290466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Part I A General Policy Review 第一部分导言:一般政策检讨
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290414
G. Xiaolin
{"title":"Introduction to Part I A General Policy Review","authors":"G. Xiaolin","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290414","url":null,"abstract":"This section provides an overview of the 1994 fiscal reform. The first three articles, published a year after the implementation of the tax division system, concentrate primarily on policy making, while the subsequent three articles published later in 1996 deal primarily with technical aspects of fiscal operations.","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"14-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation into the Implementation of the Tax Division System in Jiangxi Province 江西省分税制实施情况调查研究
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290491
Li Xiaolan
{"title":"Investigation into the Implementation of the Tax Division System in Jiangxi Province","authors":"Li Xiaolan","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290491","url":null,"abstract":"At the time that the tax division system was implemented at the central-provincial levels, the Jiangxi provincial government implemented the tax division system at the sub-provincial levels beginning on January 1, 1994. This reform combined the principles of the State Council with the actual difficult situation in Jiangxi provincial finances, and measures were taken guided by the principle \"if the province is to be enriched, counties must be enriched first.\" The tax division reform in Jiangxi province aims (1) to gradually standardize the distributive relationship between the prefectural, municipal, and county governments; (2) to increase provincial macrocontrol power while maintaining the stock of local financial resources; and (3) to develop local revenue sources and mobilize local incentives to generate revenue.","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"91-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2753/CES1097-1475290491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Special Revenue Sources and Their Impact on Yunnan Finances 特殊收入来源及其对云南财政的影响
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290482
Zhou Haibo
{"title":"Special Revenue Sources and Their Impact on Yunnan Finances","authors":"Zhou Haibo","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290482","url":null,"abstract":"EDITOR'S NOTE: >i>Yunnan Province, where two-thirds of the revenue comes from the tobacco industry, has a reputation for \"tobacco finances.\" This image suggests that Yunnan is a revenue-rich province, but the fact is that it has also brought disadvantages to the province's social and economic development. This predicament seems to have much wider cross-regional implications today. How those places that have special revenue sources deal with the challenge of market economy development and institutional transformation is the question raised by the author of this article.>/i>","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2753/CES1097-1475290482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local Budget Fulfillment in 1994 1994年地方预算执行情况
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290429
Cai Qiang
{"title":"Local Budget Fulfillment in 1994","authors":"Cai Qiang","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290429","url":null,"abstract":"The first year that the new fiscal system was implemented throughout China was 1994. The financial departments at all levels of government conscientiously carried out the central policy \"grasping opportunities, intensifying reform, expanding openness, accelerating development, and maintaining stability,\" and worked hard to ensure the smooth operation of the new fiscal system and steady revenue growth, and fulfilled all fiscal assignments [see Table 1].","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2753/CES1097-1475290429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Further Perfecting the Tax Division System and Intensively Promoting Economic Development in Ethnic Minority Areas A Conference Report 进一步完善分税制深入推进少数民族地区经济发展会议报告
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290468
Wei Shuming, Wang Chunping, Yan Yonggang
{"title":"Further Perfecting the Tax Division System and Intensively Promoting Economic Development in Ethnic Minority Areas A Conference Report","authors":"Wei Shuming, Wang Chunping, Yan Yonggang","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290468","url":null,"abstract":"Between May 12 and May 14, the State Nationality Affairs Commission and the Ministry of Finance coordinated a symposium on the operation of the tax division system in ethnic minority areas in Ezhou City, Hubei Province. More than fifty representatives attended the meeting, most of them from the eight ethnic minority regions1 and the rest from some ethnic autonomous prefectures and counties in Hubei, Sichuan, Gansu, Jilin, Liaoning, Hunan, and Hainan provinces. The main object of the meeting was to report on the operation of the tax division system; to analyze problems of the current tax division system and their effect on the ethnic minority areas; and to study how to further perfect the tax division system, establish a scientific and standard transfer payment system, and promote rapid economic development in the ethnic minority areas. The deputy director of the State Nationality Affairs Commission, Ren Wenjing, and the deputy governor of Hubei province, Su Xiaoyun, attended the meeting and made important speeches.","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tax Division System, Budgeting, and Final Accounting The Views of Local Officials 分税制、预算与决算——地方官员的看法
IF 2
CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.2753/CES1097-1475290475
Z. Zhihua, Zhou Qizhou
{"title":"Tax Division System, Budgeting, and Final Accounting The Views of Local Officials","authors":"Z. Zhihua, Zhou Qizhou","doi":"10.2753/CES1097-1475290475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475290475","url":null,"abstract":"At the joint meeting on national final accounting, we interviewed Jiang Jianping, the head of the Budget Section in the Jiangsu provincial Department of Finance; and Liu Wei, the head of the Budget Section in the Chongqing municipal Bureau of Finance. Our conversation with the two officials went as follows.","PeriodicalId":45785,"journal":{"name":"CHINESE ECONOMY","volume":"29 1","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69416364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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