European Journal for Sport and Society最新文献

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF HIGH-SPEEDRUNNING AND SPRINT RUNNING IN ELITE FEMALE FOOTBALL COMPETITIONS","authors":"Oana-Ruxandra Stîncel, Cristian Lazăr, Vlad Nicoară, M. Oravițan","doi":"10.36836/2021/2/34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36836/2021/2/34","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although football is recognized as the fastest growing sport globally, scientific literature on female footballis still limited. Available published data in understanding the physical demands of female football players have described the necessity of a high level of physical conditioning during matches with average heart rates of 84-86% maximum heart rate and an average of 9.1-11.9 km in total distance covered in the running. The most commonly utilized physical performance measures reported are high-speed running (19km/h-23km/h) and sprinting (>23 km/h). A better understanding of football's physical, technical and tactical demands has resulted from investigations of both training and matches by wearing a global positioning system unit.Objective: This study aimed to assess the running speed and the proportions of different types of running during official competitions in elite female football players.Material and Method: A total of 22 female players (16 seniors and six juniors) that are part of a Romanian First League female football team -Politehnica Timisoara, have been monitored for running speed and covered distance in 6 official matches, which represent a quarter of the championship period. The assessment period was ten weeks (August-October 2021). The monitored parameters (total distance, distance/minute, low speed running, high speed running, sprint running, and maximum speed) wereobtained using K-Sport GPS with a high sampling rate of 50 Hz.Results: During the six analyzed matches the following average values were found: total covered distance -7906.33 ± 1176.68 m, distance/minute -90.83 ± 3.72 m/min, low-speed running distance-7598.50 ± 1102.16 m, high-speed running distance -308 ± 101.31 m, sprint running distance -69.50 ± 28.54 m, and maximum speed -25.13 ± 0.84 km/h.Conclusion: Regarding the monitored parameters (total distance, average speed, proportion of different speed running, maximum speed), we observed a constancy between different matches. During female football matches, high-speed running and sprinting covered 4.77% of the total distance. Based on this data, a future training objective would be the enhancement of this percentage in order to optimize the key moments of the matches.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82597155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-based violence in sport: prevalence and problems","authors":"M. Lang, Lut Mergaert, Catarina Arnaut, T. Vertommen","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2003057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2003057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known about the prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) in sport in European Union (EU) Member States (MS). The research question underpinning this study was therefore: What is the nature and extent of gender-based violence in sport in the EU? The study involved a scoping exercise that mapped existing research on the incidence and/or prevalence of any/all form(s) of GBV in sport. This was complemented by interviews with key stakeholders within each EU MS. Forty-one studies were identified across 17 countries. Of these, none investigated the whole range of behaviours that constitute GBV, so the prevalence of GBV in sport in EU MS is unknown. The most commonly studied form of GBV was sexual harassment, which had a reported prevalence rate of between 1% and 64% due to different methodologies and definitions. This variation is indicative of the challenges of studying GBV, which are discussed in this paper. Without clear prevalence rates for of (all forms of) GBV, prevention efforts cannot be efficiently targeted and the effectiveness of interventions cannot be assessed. Among others, we recommend the European Commission contract regular research in sport that uses a standardised definition of GBV and a common methodological approach.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"57 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49461457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Athlete victims of sexual violence: links to conformity to the sport ethic","authors":"Eliane Demers, G. Lessard, Sylvie Parent, Hélène Paradis","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2003056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2003056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In research, various reasons have been proposed to be able to understand the occurrence of sexual violence in sport. This article examines the relationships between conformity to the sport ethic norms and sexual violence among young athletes, according to sex and type of sport (individual and team). Athletes (n = 1140) from Quebec, Canada aged 13–18 years responded to an online questionnaire, which included two validated tools: a measure of conformity to the sport ethic norms (i.e. striving for distinction, self-sacrifice and refusing to accept limits) and a measure of experiences of sexual violence (i.e. by team-mates and coaches). Relationships between variables were examined using logistic regression analysis. The results show that increasing conformity to the striving for distinction norm contributes to an increase in the probability of being a victim of sexual violence from team-mates. Conformity to this norm is also associated with sexual violence by the coach, depending on the type of sport. Finally, increasing conformity to the norm of self-sacrifice increases the likelihood of experiencing sexual violence from the coach in an individual sport. These results may lead to the establishment of collective actions to influence conformity to the sport ethic norms and may pave the way for other studies to examine the factors influencing sexual violence since the phenomenon is multifactorial and little of the variance is explained by sport ethic.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"101 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44708773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected 15-year-old boy and girl football players’ continuation with football and competitive level in young adulthood: the impact of individual and contextual factors","authors":"T. Söderström, Peter Brusvik, M. Ferry, Stefan Lund","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2001172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2001172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates players who have been selected to a district team in the Swedish Football Association U15 talent programme. Using register data on all selected 15-year-old boy and girl district team players (3943 boys and 4056 girls born between 1986 and 1996) from Sweden’s 24 football districts, we analysed the relationships between club affiliation at age 15, the player population of the district, date of birth, and continuation with football and competitive level as young adults. The results show that a higher percentage of boys than girls continued playing football into young adulthood and that continuation is related to district size. Belonging to an elite club at age 15 reduces the likelihood of girls playing football at age 21, but it has no effect on the likelihood of boys playing football at age 21. In addition, 15-year-old boys and girls from larger districts who played on an elite club at age 15 were more likely to play elite football at age 21. In sum, the study shows that football district size and club affiliation at age 15 affect whether boys and girls continue to play football and whether they play at an elite level as young adults.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"368 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43019139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport and social cohesion within European policy: a critical discourse analysis","authors":"Louis Moustakas","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2001173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2001173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social cohesion is increasingly present and prioritised on the European political agenda. Generally defined as some combination of trust, solidarity and identity, social cohesion is considered the 'glue' that binds societies together. Due to its interactive nature and supposedly universal appeal, sport has been called upon to play a role in fostering social cohesion across the continent. Accordingly, the European Union has invested considerable policy attention and financial resources into related sports projects. Despite this growing attention, we still have little understanding of how social cohesion is conceptualised in EU sport policy or how political priorities and funding requirements influence funded projects. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to discussions on the role of (sport) policy and funding priorities on our understanding of social cohesion as well as the implementation of sport for social cohesion projects. This paper's findings are generated through a Critical Discourse Analysis of European policy texts and over 200 Erasmus + Sport project descriptions. Based on this, I argue that the Erasmus + funding mechanism and its associated policies take a broad, politically convenient view of social cohesion and endorse a predominantly individual-centred, technical approach to fostering social cohesion. Ultimately, this ignores the systems or privileged groups that inhibit social cohesion and fails to address the root causes of and barriers to social cohesion.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social structure and the imagined mobility of youth football athletes in Dakar","authors":"Ikechukwu Ejekwumadu","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2001174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2001174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Across Dakar are many small football training centres where youth prospects start what could grow into professional careers. At these centres, imaginations of career and social mobility develop. In this paper, I explore the mobility imaginations of the youth athletes. I argue that the imaginations are shaped by existing social and class structures, and that the imaginations among the athletes from poor and working-class backgrounds are predominantly unidimensional. Such imaginations that construct mobility exclusively along a career in football produce barriers to the social mobility that the athletes strive for, thereby, reinforcing the structures of social immobility.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"19 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46502401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Well, what was the message you got?’: the discursive power of Naomi Osaka and her peaceful protest at the 2020 U.S. Open","authors":"Emma Calow","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2001171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2001171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In September 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, professional tennis player Naomi Osaka wore a black face mask for each of her seven matches towards her U.S. Open victory in protest against systemic racism. While Osaka has lived much of her life in America, she does not compete as American; her father is Haitian and her mother is Japanese. Informed by Black feminist thought and intersectionality, this conceptual paper will reflect upon the importance of Osaka’s protest as a Black female athlete in the larger context of the reenergization of the Black Lives Matter movement. Given that tennis is a sport that historically and culturally values and represents whiteness, Osaka’s protest is emblematic of a new wave of Black athlete activism against systemic racism in the twenty-first century. This is especially critical in our colourblind society wherein Black women’s experiences and voices are often ignored and/or dismissed. Framing Osaka’s overt form of protest in the larger context of the (re)awakened anti-racist efforts, I conclude that in these unprecedented moments in an unprecedented time Osaka self-amplifies her voice through her peaceful protest emphasising the names of those who have been murdered at the hands of American law enforcement. In other words, in this particular social context this is how Osaka demonstrates resistance against discriminatory practices based on race. This, at the end of the day, matters. As a young professional Black tennis player with significant social capital and cultural influence, Osaka’s mask-wearing demonstrates her discursive power as a globally recognised athlete and as a woman of colour. Importantly, it also explicitly disrupts the notion that athletes should merely ‘shut up and play’ and take an apolitical stance in matters outside of sport.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"347 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47283548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundations of sport development","authors":"J. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.1997456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.1997456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"190 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48521816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport and fitness app uses: a review of humanities and social science perspectives","authors":"B. Soulé, Gonzalo Marchant, Raphaël Verchère","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.1918896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.1918896","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sport and fitness mobile applications (SFMAs) have led to significant changes in how people engage in sport and physical activity. This development is part of a broader trend of self-tracking (the ‘quantified self’) and gamification, whose effects are discussed in an increasing number of publications in the humanities and social sciences. The aim of this interdisciplinary literature review is to provide an overview of the main research results on these apps. It summarises their emergence and the discourse of those who promote them, the factors leading to their adoption, their uses in practice, the reasons for their abandonment or rejection, and the risks and perverse effects linked to their use. The main sociological, psychological and philosophical interpretations of the phenomenon are also outlined: mobile applications as a tool for behaviour change, the agentive capacities of these sociotechnical systems, and the contemporary imperative of self-management. Some users find real support in SFMAs to set goals, plan their sessions, and/or to make physical activity a regular routine. However, for others, their use becomes excessive, leading to frustration or changes in social behaviour. Many studies point out the difficulty of engaging athletes in the use of SFMAs in a lasting way. While instances of long-term and balanced use are not uncommon, they coexist with use that borders on obsession, or even forms of dependence. We conclude with current research priorities and highlight avenues of research that merit further study.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"170 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45131318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do some papers get desk rejected from the European Journal for Sport and Society?","authors":"Adam Evans, Georgia Clay, Josef Fahlén, R. Hoekman, Verena Lenneis, Maureen Smith, P. Wicker, Laura Wilcock","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2006949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2006949","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of online submissions and a proliferation of academic periodicals (including many wholly online, open-access scientific journals), the number of prospective academic papers entering the review process has increased over the past decades. Indeed, it has even been argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this trend in some fields (e.g. Nigrovic & Napper, 2021). The European Journal for Sport and Society (EJSS) is no different, seeing almost a 200% increase in the numbers of papers submitted yearly between 2017 and 2021. Concurrently, the journal’s print capacity has remained constant throughout this period, resulting in a lower proportion of papers being published. Inevitably, such changes place increasing pressure on our Editorial and Scientific Boards, as well as the wider sociology of sport community, to manage this high volume of manuscripts and to conduct peer reviews. What’s more, our experience in the editorial process (and as reviewers for other periodicals) is that the time and resources to contribute in this way are increasingly stretched across the community. Indeed, not all of the papers we receive move forward into the peer review process. When a new manuscript is received, it is always screened in two ways before going to peer review. Typically, this involves two ‘levels’ of screening prior to the peer reviewed process; (1) a technical screening in which manuscript style, length, anonymity and other practical information are reviewed, and (2) an editorial screening in which originality, contribution and issues concerning scientific rigour are considered by several members of the editorial board. Failure to pass either screening will result in the decision not to take a paper forward to review; a ‘desk reject’ decision. Of course, such screening is not considered a ‘full’ peer review, although we endeavour to provide feedback where possible. Yet it is an essential process in ensuring the journal runs in both an ethical and efficient way. Consequently, we feel that it is important to communicate how and why a paper might not pass these screening processes. In particular, the Editorial boardhave discussed what we consider the minimum standards we expect a paper to aachieve in order to justify our asking colleagues to spend their time conducting an anonymous review. In concluding these discussions, we felt it would be beneficial to the community to share our considerations. Our hope is that this supports authors to address these issues in the preparation of manuscripts, and in turn to increase the chances of their paper moving into the review process and to save time for all concerned. In so doing, we outline three interrelated issues below in brief. Notably, these standards are not dissimilar to those offered elsewhere i(e.g. Stolowy, 2017; Tadajewksi & Hewer, 2019), yet they do contain several considerations specific to EJSS and the sociology of sport in general. So, why might a paper be ‘desk rejected’ from EJS","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"287 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41645186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}