{"title":"The Rule of Law in a State of Disaster: Evaluating Standards for the Promulgation, Administration and Enforcement of Emergency Regulations in South Africa.","authors":"Felix Dube","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00179-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40803-022-00179-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper applies the rule of law test to emergency regulations adopted to combat a national disaster in South Africa. A declaration of a national state of disaster, such as a pandemic, triggers emergency powers which enable the executive to mitigate the disaster, assist and protect the public, provide relief, and protect property. However, emergency powers provide a pretext for the executive to limit constitutional rights and to curtail the enjoyment of freedoms. These unprecedented powers also pose a risk of arbitrary exercise of public power, which can only be prevented if the promulgation, administration and enforcement of emergency regulations conform to the principles of legality, rationality and proportionality. These principles are understood as tenets of the rule of law in South Africa. They require a strong commitment to respect, protect and promote human rights at a time when they are most vulnerable to violation by the State. Given the role of the judiciary in the maintenance of the rule of law, and the litigation against the emergency regulations adopted in response to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper also discusses the ensuing case law to illustrate the practical application of the rule of law test to a national disaster.</p>","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"143-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Stachowiak-Kudła, Sina Westa, Catarina Santos Botelho, Ildikó Bartha
{"title":"Academic Freedom as a Defensive Right.","authors":"Monika Stachowiak-Kudła, Sina Westa, Catarina Santos Botelho, Ildikó Bartha","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00188-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40803-022-00188-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ensuring the proper implementation of academic freedom can be difficult both for policymakers and university authorities. Hence, great emphasis should be given to the defensive function of academic freedom. In this paper, we analyse the legal regulations and the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts of Germany, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, and Spain. We identify who is the holder of academic freedom, how the defensive function of academic freedom works and what academic activities are being protected. The study shows that individual countries emphasise slightly different aspects of the defensive function of academic freedom but remain unanimous on the essence of this function. As academic freedom is not defined unequivocally in most constitutions and legal frameworks, constitutional courts play a significant role in shaping its defensive function.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40803-022-00188-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"161-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9828371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49454291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Triangulation of Theoretical and Empirical Conceptualizations Related to the Rule of Law","authors":"Filip Horák, D. Lacko","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00187-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00187-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"217-218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41789960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rule of Law as a Constitutional Mandate for the EU","authors":"W. Schroeder","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00185-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00185-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43655781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Court of Justice of the European Union in the Case Law of the Polish Constitutional Court: The Current Breakdown in View of Polish Constitutional Jurisprudence Pre-2016","authors":"A. Sołtys","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00186-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00186-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48885936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enforcement of a Formal Conception of the Rule of Law as a Potential Way Forward to Address Backsliding: Hungary as a Case Study","authors":"Petra Bárd, V. Z. Kazai","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00182-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00182-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"14 1","pages":"165 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49047178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Systemic Implications of the Supranational Legal Order for the Practice of the Rule of Law","authors":"Barbara Grabowska-Moroz","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00180-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00180-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"14 1","pages":"331 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46361784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Form and Flexibility: The Normalisation of ‘Magnitsky Sanctions’ in the Face of the Rule of Law","authors":"Lorenzo Pasculli, Ben Stanford","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00178-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00178-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"109-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48222087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Challenge of Catalan Secessionism to the European Model of the Rule of Law","authors":"Gisela Hernández, C. Closa","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00177-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00177-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"14 1","pages":"257 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44096968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Barajas-Sandoval, Helena Botero-Pinzón, J. Botero, Á. M. Pinzón-Rondón, Á. Ruiz-Sternberg
{"title":"Gender Inequality and the Rule of Law","authors":"Eduardo Barajas-Sandoval, Helena Botero-Pinzón, J. Botero, Á. M. Pinzón-Rondón, Á. Ruiz-Sternberg","doi":"10.1007/s40803-022-00175-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00175-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45733,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44495975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}