Contemporary Buddhism最新文献

{"title":"Forgiveness American-Style: Origins and Status of Forgiveness in North American Buddhism","authors":"Donna Lynn Brown","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2269334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2269334","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTMany Buddhist teachers in North America teach forgiveness: an attitude of non-anger not conditional on wrongdoers repairing their wrongs. Classical Buddhist texts and premodern Buddhist cultures also taught forgiveness: the act of reconciling after wrongdoers repaired wrongs. This article describes traditional Buddhist forgiveness processes, analyses how new processes to forgive arose in North America, and outlines the current state of Buddhist forgiveness teachings there. It shows that the predominant way North American Buddhists now teach forgiveness is new. It developed in the 1970–1990 period and incorporates non-Buddhist discourses. In addition to clarifying what forgiveness has long been in Buddhism and how, in North America, changes to that occurred, the article notes the frequent absence, among academic scholars and Buddhists alike, of awareness concerning (a) the replacement of longstanding Buddhist teachings on forgiveness by new teachings; (b) the predominantly non-Buddhist sources of the new teachings; and (c) the impact on victims, wrongdoers, relationships, and communities of the new teachings. The article contributes to scholarship on Buddhist ethics, forgiveness in Buddhism, and the development and hybridisation of Buddhism in North America.KEYWORDS: North American BuddhismBuddhist modernismBuddhist ethicstraditionhybridisationwrongdoingforgivenessreconciliationpurification Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Forgiveness has not been addressed by one long-time scholar of Buddhist ethics, Damien Keown, nor has it appeared in the Journal of Buddhist Ethics. Scholarly examinations of forgiveness in Buddhism include an early effort by Charles Hallisey, who describes Buddhist forgiveness as a combination of compassion and patience (Citation2001, 21–22). Peter Harvey, in his Introduction to Buddhist Ethics, also mentions it, first connecting it to forbearance, then noting that it is generally conditional on acknowledging faults and resolving not to repeat them, with the Mahāyāna adding a requirement for apology (Citation2000, 246–248). More recently, a scholarly series, Philosophy of Forgiveness, includes a chapter on Buddhism in Volume I (Citation2016), and two chapters in Volume III (Citation2019). In Volume I, Christopher Ketcham defines forgiveness in Buddhism as a ‘unilateral letting go of anger’. He differentiates forgiveness according to whether those facing wrongs are enlightened or unenlightened; in his view, only the unenlightened offer forgiveness. It is replaced, in enlightened beings, by unconditional compassion. This is, first, because the enlightened do not get angry, but also because they do not judge right and wrong (Citation2016, 245, 258, 270, 273). In Volume III, Sinkwan Cheng describes forgiveness in Buddhism as ‘giving up of one’s illusory fixation on a past deed … giving up one’s own claim … by giving up the illusions of self, other, and defilement’. ","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"36 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meditation Practices by Chinese Buddhists During COVID-19 Pandemic: Motivations, Activities, and Health Benefits","authors":"Ampere A. Tseng","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2269333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2269333","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to examine the meditation practices of Chinese Buddhists during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on their motivation and activities, and the health benefits derived from meditation. Initially, the article delves into the motivations driving Chinese Buddhists to practise meditation. Subsequently, it explores the meditation-related activities undertaken by Chinese Buddhists. The article also investigates the role of faith in fostering resilience within the Chinese Buddhist community by exploring the medical benefits of meditation, with special emphasis on its effectiveness in alleviating health issues stemming from the COVID-19 outbreak. This article reveals that the motivation for practising meditation arises from the aspiration to attain enlightenment in accordance with Buddhist teachings and that the meditation-related activities not only spread across major Chinese Buddhist communities worldwide but also serve as a source of solace for followers grappling with the challenges posed by the pandemic. Additionally, the article provides strong evidence to support that meditation-based interventions have positive effects on mental and physical health problems caused by the pandemic.KEYWORDS: Buddhist meditationChinese BuddhistsCOVID-19 pandemicmedical benefitsonline interventiononline mindfulnessspiritual motivation Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. For accuracy of translation and context, a Chinese translation is given when a specific Sanskrit or English term first appears in this article. In the case of Chinese translations or Chinese documents written before 1955, Traditional Chinese characters 繁體字 are used. Hanyu pinyin 漢語拼音 is used to transcribe Chinese names, place names, and terms.2. The bodhisattva path is the way of enlightenment pursued by Chinese Buddhists to attain enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings (not only for self-interest but also for others’ interests) by embracing wisdom (to direct the mind to enlightenment) and compassion (concern for others).3. With few exceptions, Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures are cited according to their Chinese translations in the Taishō tripiṭaka (1934). For the convenience of readers, the author adds the Chinese sūtra names, e.g. 大寶積經, followed by the volume number in the Taishō tripiṭaka (T) and the text number (n) in parentheses, e.g., (T11n0310). The associated texts cited in this article are all based on the CBETA (Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association, Taipei, Taiwan) version, available at https://cbetaonline.dila.edu.tw/zh/.4. Nirvaṇa is the ultimate state of release from the cycle of rebirth to the end of suffering.Additional informationNotes on contributorsAmpere A. TsengAmpere A. Tseng is a Director and Professor Emeritus at Arizona State University (Tempe, USA). He received his PhD from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1978. In recent years, he has become interested in conducting ","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"73 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Does Buddhism Support International Humanitarian Law? – A Humanistic Perspective","authors":"Chien-Te Lin","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2269332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2269332","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe core teaching of Buddhism revolves around understanding and alleviating suffering. Since the purpose of international humanitarian law (IHL) is to minimise suffering during armed conflict, by protecting the innocent and restricting the means and methods of warfare, Buddhists should support IHL. In this paper, I try not to utilise the Buddha’s well-known teachings such as karma, impermanence, non-self, emptiness, compassion and so on, to explain why Buddhists should support IHL. Instead, I present how and why Buddhism underlines the importance of secular ethics, indicating that humanity comes first for Buddhism, which would be the main reason for Buddhists to support IHL. Buddhist monks such as Yinshun and the 14th Dalai Lama view common humanity, conventional morality and inner values as the grounds for Buddhism. An enhancement of humanity and the promotion of morality are also part of the way of Buddhist practice. Viewed from a humanistic perspective, Buddhism may endorse all laws, rules, and regulations that are in the best interest of the public and align with values such as peace, freedom, equality, justice, benevolence, and more, regardless of whether they are applied internationally or domestically. Buddhism upholds IHL for similar reasons.KEYWORDS: IHLthe Buddhist theory of the two-truthscommon humanitysecular ethicsthe 14th Dalai LamaVen. Yinshun Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. IHL is a set of rules designed to limit the effects of armed conflict for humanitarian reasons. It restricts the methods and means of warfare and protects persons who are not or are no longer participating in the fight. It is part of international law and contained in agreements between states but does not regulate whether a state may actually use force. It is governed by an important part of international law set out in the United Nations Charter. For a comprehensive introduction to IHL, including its history, scope of application, implementation, and enforcement, see Nils Melzer (Citation2016). Also see Bartles-Smitha et al. (Citation2021) for the pilot introduction of IHL and its interface with Buddhism.2. The syllogism may assume an alternative form such as: Premise 1: Buddhism lends support to regulations that are conducive to well-being. Premise 2: IHL embodies such wholesome regulations. Conclusion: Buddhism’s endorsement extends to IHL.3. The example of Chinese Buddhism incorporating the significance of filial piety (xiaoshun 孝順), as emphasised in Confucianism, serves as an illustration.4. Da Zhidu Lun大智度論 is a text that interprets the teachings of The Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra and has had a significant impact on the development of Chinese Buddhist philosophy. The text is traditionally attributed to Nāgārjuna and was translated into Chinese by Kumārajīva in the fourth century (although some contemporary scholars have raised questions about its authorship).5. The original Chinese:「佛法非但佛口說者是，","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"43 180","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135540149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of the Ideas of Confucianism with the Ideas of Taoism and Buddhism on Chinese Folk Vocals: On the Example of the Performance of Songs from the Shi Jing (Book of Songs)","authors":"Yinying Cai","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2251962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2251962","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe research purpose is to investigate the influence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism on Chinese folklore vocals and their elements in modern music. The research methodology is based on descriptive, comparative, interpretative and statistical analysis (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). The analysis of the folk vocals of each thematic group among 110 folk songs of the Shi Jing supports the argument that Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism had the greatest influence on the vocals. During the analysis, it was determined that folk songs about love (0.942) and songs themed around nature (0.917) exhibit the most pronounced influence on their potential utilisation in the performance of popular compositions. The findings indicated that 75% of the folk vocal compositions with nature-related themes demonstrated discernible influences from Buddhism. The research findings have enabled the identification of exemplary renditions of the folkloric composition ‘Czo-yui’ from the ‘Book of Changes’, adeptly adapted to contemporary motifs, which were achieved at a notably high level within respondent groups #1 (7.2), #4 (7.4) and #5 (7.1). These commendable outcomes are attributed to the preservation of harmonious tonality, precise intonation and artistic expression during the performance process.KEYWORDS: Aesthetic valuesfolkloreintonation motifsmusical culturephilosophical traditionsthe Shi Jing Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Data availability statementData will be made available on request.Ethics approvalThe research was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The research was approved by the local ethics committees of Zhejiang Normal University.Additional informationFundingExploration on the hybrid teaching of modern educational technology online and traditional education offline in colleges and universities, No. 220605618130352.Notes on contributorsYinying CaiYinying Cai is an associate professor at the Academy of Music, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China. Interests include Chinese culture, folk music and philosophy.","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese Buddhism in Africa: The Entanglement of Religion, Politics and Diaspora","authors":"Xuefei Shi, Hang Li","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2242074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2242074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43406531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journeys of Transformation: Searching for No-Self in Western Buddhist Travel Narratives","authors":"B. Van Overmeire","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2243125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2243125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46846554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Divided Brain, Metaphysical Idealism, and Buddhist Mindfulness Practice","authors":"Terry Hyland","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2223378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2223378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48635808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese Religious Funeral Paperwork Entombed with the Tomb Owner","authors":"Liyong Zhang","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2214335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2214335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42341914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring Lumbinī: Theravāda Buddhism and Heritage on the Nepal Frontier","authors":"Blayne K. Harcey","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2208026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2208026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47497429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buddhism and Its Religious Others: Historical Encounters and Representations","authors":"Rafal K. Stepien","doi":"10.1080/14639947.2023.2185065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2023.2185065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45708,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Buddhism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48728695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}