Journal of the History of Sexuality最新文献

{"title":"Universal Fetishism? Emancipation and Race in Magnus Hirschfeld's 1930 Sexological Visual Atlas","authors":"W.A.M. Egelmeers","doi":"10.7560/JHS30102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/JHS30102","url":null,"abstract":"“B i l d e r s o l l e n B i l d e n . ” With this succinctly worded statement that “images should educate,” the influential German sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935) opened the visual volume, or Bilderteil, of a five-volume book series entitled Geschlechtskunde (Sex studies, 1926–30).1 This nine-hundred-page volume is an intriguing recapitulation of the thirty years of sexological and emancipatory experience presented in the Geschlechtskunde series.2 In line with other late nineteenthand early twentieth-century scientific atlases, which functioned as crucial tools in the organization of individual research objects into visual compendia virtually mapping the territory of a discipline, the volume offers a truly kaleidoscopic abundance of pictures.3 More than fourteen hundred images depict a great variety of subjects, ranging from sixteenth-century etchings of Adam and Eve to microphotographs of gonadic tissue, images showing phenomena such as exotic phallus statues, bodily deformations, medieval chastity belts, stillborn babies, syphilitic infections, skeletons, and even sex-changing chickens (see fig. 1). The sole common denominator of these images is that they are all in one way or another related to Hirschfeld’s lifelong research into the varieties of human sexuality.","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"30 1","pages":"23 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49555707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodomy and Criminal Justice in the Parlement of Paris, ca. 1540–ca. 1700","authors":"Tom Hamilton","doi":"10.7560/jhs29301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29301","url":null,"abstract":"D u r i n g a s e r i e s o f i n t e r r o g a t i o n s in late 1588, the magistrates of the criminal chamber of the Parlement of Paris tried Alexandre Jouan on appeal from the subordinate court of the Châtelet in Paris for the “extraordinary crime” and the “sin” of “sodomy.” Noël Biresse, who had been driving his cart outside Paris by the gate of Saint-Antoine, testified that he saw Jouan, a merchant who sold ashes, “lying with a baker in the ditch, on top of the man, with his shirt pulled off.” At first Biresse “thought Jouan was with a wench, and he wanted to see what they were doing, but when they stood up he realized that it was a man who took a handful of grass to wipe himself down after he had been underneath this man [Jouan].” Under torture on the rack Jouan cried out, “Jesus, Mary, Saint Nicolas, my God, misericord!” and “I’m breaking, kill me!,” but he continued to deny the charge of sodomy. Finally, the Parlement sent Jouan back to the Châtelet, from which he was to be released unless more information came to light that proved his guilt.1 Jouan’s case demonstrates some of the intractable difficulties involved in prosecuting sodomy through the inquisitorial procedures of criminal justice in sixteenthand seventeenth-century France. In Jouan’s case, the","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"303 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48896615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Love, Consent, and the Sexual Script of a Victorian Affair in Dublin","authors":"Juliana Adelman, Ciaran O’Neill","doi":"10.7560/jhs29304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29304","url":null,"abstract":"I n J a n u a r y 1841 a p a I r o f y o u n g l o v e r s spent the night in the Downshire Hotel in Blessington, about twenty miles southwest of Dublin, Ireland. They slept in separate beds in separate rooms; nevertheless, their behavior flouted conventions. Snow trapped Mary at the hotel because the horse caravan that brought her there could not make the return journey. James, however, had his own horse and could have returned to Dublin. When he suggested that he stay with Mary, “she said no but I insisted & she yielded.”1 James recorded the details of their meeting in his diary, where he also transcribed copies of the letters the pair wrote to one another. They parted ways in the morning, and, as the diary reveals, each had a different understanding of what had happened that night and what it meant. James, bolstered by gossip and a memory of Mary’s consent to intimacy in the hotel, would later accuse her of sexual impropriety. Mary’s letters reveal her to be shocked and hurt by his rereading of the evening’s events and suggest she may have regretted her decision to meet. The fallout surrounding this one night in 1841 may seem familiar to anyone who has been following the #MeToo movement and the concurrent rise of sexual consent training for teens and adults across schools and university campuses globally. The negotiation of consent was as central to the relationship of Mary and James as it is to many contemporary couples. Yet historians have generally ignored such intimate negotiations, preferring to look at sexuality through the lens of laws and norms on a larger scale. By contrast, sociologists, activists, writers, and even lawmakers have taken individual cases seriously; they have tried to understand the lived experience of","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"388 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42981492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Danger of \"Moral Sabotage\": Western Prisoners of War on Trial for Homosexual Relations in Nazi Germany","authors":"R. Scheck","doi":"10.7560/jhs29305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"418 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46688094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews","authors":"Edward L. Cleary, Timothy Steigenga","doi":"10.7560/jhs29306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29306","url":null,"abstract":"Resurgent Voices in Latin America offers an important examination of the role religion has played in the creation and advancement of indigenous political and social movements in Latin America. Over the past decade, a growing body of scholarly literature in political science, sociology, and anthropology has examined the emergence of powerful indigenous movements throughout Latin America. While existing literature on these movements has examined the importance of secular advocates and nongovernmental organizations for indigenous politics, relatively little attention has been given to the role of religious institutions in fostering indigenous political action. The contributors to this edited volume provide a broad view of the historical and contemporary activities of Christian institutions and theologies in that arena. Drawing on case studies of Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru, these authors argue that religious institutions have strengthened indigenous identities and advanced indigenous rights in these countries. Each of the chapters presents one of these case studies (except chapter 3, a comparison of two countries, Bolivia and Peru). As Cleary and Steigenga explain in the introduction, the advantage of this approach is that each chapter provides a rich, in-depth examination of the interaction between indigenous politics and religion in specific political and historical contexts. At the same time, these case studies contribute to the volume’s overarching thesis that Catholic and Protestant institutions, beliefs, and religious practices in Latin America have affected and been affected by indigenous activism. They do this in three main ways (pp. 18–20). Religious syncretism and hybridity have played important roles in the development of indigenous theologies that support indigenous activism. Christian institutions have contributed important resources to indigenous activism, particularly education and organizational training. Indigenous peoples themselves, furthermore, have contributed to changes in Catholic and Protestant theologies and religious practices. In chapter 2, “From Civil Society to Collective Action: The Politics of Religion in Ecuador,” Allison Brysk convincingly argues that religious institutions’ changing relationship to state power in that country has","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41956660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"This Was My Utopia\": Sexual Experimentation and Masculinity in the 1960s Bay Area Radical Left","authors":"A. Lester","doi":"10.7560/jhs29303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"364 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45635888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandrake and Monarchy in Early Modern Spain","authors":"E. Kuffner","doi":"10.7560/jhs29302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29302","url":null,"abstract":"I n 1673 T o m á s d e m u r I l l o y V e l a r d e , a personal physician to the Spanish royal family, published a treatise on medicinal plants entitled Tratado de raras, y peregrinas yervas (Treaty on rare and migrating herbs). His ostensible purpose was to demonstrate the differences between the medicinal plant abrotano (Artemisia abrotanum), a species in the Asteracaea family, and its lesser variant bupthalmo (another species of Asteracaea) with, as the full title announces, “some annotations” on the subject of mandrake, a plant associated with love magic and fertility.1 Murillo’s “annotations” are not an afterthought to his main text, as the title insists, but instead compose roughly half his narrative. Forty-five of his 126 pages address the uses of mandrake, which he claims cures infertility, and sections on mandrake and fertility-related topics appear in other portions of the treatise, particularly in the final chapters. Murillo promises the reader that “this plant has the virtue and effect . . . of making fecund and fertilizing what is sterile” (50r). This bold declaration departs from contemporary botanical treatises, such as vernacular translations and commentary on Dioscorides, whose descriptions of mandrake are generally short and mention its use as an aphrodisiac or fertility aid as one element among many uses; these treatises do not give fertility the prominence that Murillo does. This article explores Murillo’s fascination with mandrake’s potential as a fertility drug, a subject that he returns to repeatedly throughout the text, even in sections not ostensibly on mandrake. Fertility was a subject of paramount consequence to the Habsburg court in which Murillo served. In 1665 King Philip IV of Spain died, leaving a sole legitimate son and heir, Charles II, who suffered a number of physical infirmities that would now be attributed to inbreeding.2 Following Philip’s","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"335 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45769529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For the Duration Only: Interracial Relationships in World War II Britain","authors":"Stephanie Makowski","doi":"10.7560/jhs29204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"222 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46314843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Letters of Ethel Smyth to Edith Somerville, 1918–1921: A Chronicle of Desire","authors":"S. O'Toole","doi":"10.7560/jhs29205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"253 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"An Open and Public Scandal\" in the Transvaal: The 1906 Bucknill Inquiry in a Global Context","authors":"J. Chua","doi":"10.7560/jhs29201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs29201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"135 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46592744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}