Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa最新文献_第4页

Divine consumption: sacrifice, alliance building, and making ancestors in West Africa 神圣消费:牺牲，建立联盟，在西非制造祖先

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2023.2180680

Nick Gestrich

引用次数: 3

Du Capsien chasseur au Capsien Pasteur. Pour un modèle régional de néolithisation 从猎人到牧羊人。新石器时代的区域模型

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2180673

Giuseppina Mutri

引用次数: 1

Iron Age sites in northern Botswana’s Okavango Delta 2: the Xaro sites in the Panhandle of the river-delta system 博茨瓦纳北部奥卡万戈三角洲的铁器时代遗址2:河流三角洲系统狭长地带的Xaro遗址

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182570

E. Wilmsen, J. Denbow

{"title":"Iron Age sites in northern Botswana’s Okavango Delta 2: the Xaro sites in the Panhandle of the river-delta system","authors":"E. Wilmsen, J. Denbow","doi":"10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182570","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Xaro sites are located in the Okavango Delta Panhandle of northwestern Botswana. All have an upper component with pottery identical to that made by nineteenth-century and current Mbukushu potters. Xaro 1 also has European glass beads for which cited historical documents provide calendar year dates of between 1850 and 1890. Other historical documents place the Xaro 1 Mbukushu settlement from the 1890s into the early twentieth century. All three Xaro Early Iron Age components have pottery motifs common at Tsodilo and Cubango sites on the basis of which a date range of the late sixth/early eighth centuries AD for Xaro 1 is most likely, while several pottery distinctions suggest a chronological separation within the same range for Xaro 2 and 3. Xaro Early Iron Age pottery has two unique features not discernible by the unaided eye but identified by microscopic optical petrography: 1) a red iron oxide veneer approximately two microns thick on outer surfaces; and 2) a variably thick post-deposition deposit of caliche derived from calcite suspended in Okavango water. A third uniqueness is an SEM estimated firing temperature of at least 1000˚C, much higher than the ±800˚C common for southern African vessels. Two Xaro burials provide aDNA data on Early Iron Age people in southern Africa; discriminant analysis of multiple variables determined that no present-day population sampled so far has the same ancestry mix, probably reflecting a northern genetic influence and offering genetic support to the hypothesis of a pre-Bantu expansion of pastoralists into southern Africa.","PeriodicalId":45689,"journal":{"name":"Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79376654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foragers during a period of social upheaval at Little Muck Shelter, southern Africa 在非洲南部的小穆克避难所，社会动荡时期的觅食者

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182572

T. Forssman, Siphesihle Kuhlase, Chanté Barnard, Justin Pentz

{"title":"Foragers during a period of social upheaval at Little Muck Shelter, southern Africa","authors":"T. Forssman, Siphesihle Kuhlase, Chanté Barnard, Justin Pentz","doi":"10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT By the turn of the second millennium AD, farmer societies in southern Africa’s middle Limpopo Valley were undergoing significant economic, political and social transformations that ultimately led to the development of state-level society at Mapungubwe. This included the appearance of social hierarchies, élite groups, trade wealth, craft specialisation and a royal leadership system. Whereas this farmer sequence has been relatively well-studied, forager histories, and their involvement in associated socio-economic systems, are scarcely acknowledged, despite their presence before, as well as during, the farmer-occupation period. Foragers are instead seen as passive or even inactive in local economies and thought to begin ‘disappearing’ after AD 1000. In opposition to these views are recent results from excavations carried out at Little Muck Shelter showing that a forager presence continued into the second millennium AD and that those living at the site were engaged in trade with farmers during the process of state formation. We show this by presenting the distribution of cultural material throughout the site’s occupation and a sample of stone tools and trade items dating from before 2000 BP to AD 1300. Specifically, diagnostic stone artefacts persist into the contact period and until Mapungubwe’s appearance that are morphologically consistent with those from before the BC/AD transition. The occurrence of traded glass beads, ceramics and ostrich eggshell beads also increases and peaks in the second millennium AD, showing continued engagement with the local market economy. Evidence from the shelter demonstrates the contributions that indigenous hunting and gathering communities made during the rise of the Mapungubwe state, when trade wealth came to mark social élite groups, a period that can be characterised as one of social upheaval.","PeriodicalId":45689,"journal":{"name":"Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89422723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Aterian site of Phacochères (northern Algeria): a zooarchaeological perspective phacochres(阿尔及利亚北部)的阿特利亚遗址:动物考古学的视角

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2023.2187559

Razika Chelli-Cheheb, S. Merzoug

{"title":"The Aterian site of Phacochères (northern Algeria): a zooarchaeological perspective","authors":"Razika Chelli-Cheheb, S. Merzoug","doi":"10.1080/0067270X.2023.2187559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270X.2023.2187559","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Phacochères site (formerly known as Les Allobroges) is a small ravine belonging to a karst system in northern Algeria. The rescue excavations conducted in 1960s at this site have yielded an exceptionally rich assemblage of vertebrates associated with Aterian stone tools. These faunal fossils collected in sandy clay levels are characteristic of the North African Upper Pleistocene and they represent a remarkable model for understanding the structure of prehistoric mammalian associations, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and past habitat diversity. Based on biochronological and palaeoenvironmental data, the assemblage is attributed to Marine Isotopic Stage 5 (MIS 5) defined by a forest and grassland ecosystem. This paper reports the results of an analysis of the modifications of this faunal assemblage produced by human and carnivore activity. It suggests that the Aterian occupants of the site preferentially oriented their hunting towards large prey such as buffalo and aurochs and that they were able to compete with other carnivore predators. Nevertheless, the assemblage represents a palimpsest accumulated by different predators, both human and carnivore, that results from events that overlapped with brief human occupations of the site.","PeriodicalId":45689,"journal":{"name":"Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83989920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iron Age sites in northern Botswana’s Okavango Delta 1: the southern Delta sites Mat82 and Matlapaneng plus Qogana on the region’s eastern margin 博茨瓦纳北部奥卡万戈三角洲的铁器时代遗址1:南部三角洲遗址Mat82和Matlapaneng以及该地区东部边缘的Qogana

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182563

J. Denbow, E. Wilmsen

{"title":"Iron Age sites in northern Botswana’s Okavango Delta 1: the southern Delta sites Mat82 and Matlapaneng plus Qogana on the region’s eastern margin","authors":"J. Denbow, E. Wilmsen","doi":"10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270X.2023.2182563","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper, one of three focused on Early Iron Age (EIA) sites of the Okavango Delta in northern Botswana, provides descriptions and analyses of two sites, Mat82 and Matlapaneng, on the southern margin of the Delta and of a small contemporary hunting-fishing camp at Qogana in its eastern middle reaches. The relationship of these sites to others, particularly in the areas of the confluence of the Chobe and Zambezi Rivers and Victoria Falls, is examined in detail. Pottery recovered from the Delta sites is shown to be a western expression of the eastern Kalundu Tradition. Optical petrographic analyses of 26 sherds from Mat82, Matlapaneng and Qogana compared with 60 sherds from Chobe-Victoria Falls sites, plus clays from most lithological exposures in these regions, confirms that most of the Mat82 and Matlapaneng sherds can be associated with local southern Delta clays, while five have fabrics comparable with Chobe-Victoria Falls clays and sherds, documenting that these Matlapaneng sherds are from vessels made in, and imported from, that region. While the distribution of finds at Matlapaneng displayed a higher concentration of lithic artefacts on the site’s outer margins with a corresponding higher pottery concentration in the centre, all areas have the same representation of lithic tools, débitage, pottery fabrics and décor motifs and proportions of wild game to domestic animals, thus providing no evidence for a herder/hunter or inner/outer space dichotomy in residence or subsistence activities. This trio of sites, then, provides a further lesson regarding the archaeological erasure of mistaken isolationist tenets in southern African archaeology in which peoples have been automatically segregated according to the material inventory of the sites at which they lived.","PeriodicalId":45689,"journal":{"name":"Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78179571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Iron Age sites in northern Botswana’s Okavango Delta 3: Lotshitshi, a Later Stone Age/Bambata/Recent site on the Delta margin 博茨瓦纳北部奥卡万戈三角洲的铁器时代遗址3:lottshitshi，石器时代晚期/Bambata/三角洲边缘的近代遗址

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2023.2184660

E. Wilmsen, J. Denbow

引用次数: 2

PhD Abstract 博士文摘

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2022.2156719

D. Witelson

{"title":"PhD Abstract","authors":"D. Witelson","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2022.2156719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2022.2156719","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proposed that the southernmost coast of South Africa was a uniquely important region in later human evolution, in part due to the abundance of nutritious and dense coastal resources. Yet, strong contrasts between its Middle Stone Age (MSA) and subsequent Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological records cast uncertainty on the significance of shellfish utilisation for processes of human evolution. Furthermore, climatic shifts are frequently advanced as drivers of widespread technological change, but few climate proxy records correspond adequately to the archaeological evidence at a temporal or spatial level to allow them to be unambiguously linked to human cultural activity. This thesis presents a temporally and spatially distributed record of near-shore seasonal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from serial δO shell measurements of archaeological Turbo sarmaticus opercula. In addition, the annual timing of shellfish harvesting captured in the temperature signal of the shells’ final few growth increments is indicative of hunter-gatherers’ scheduling of foraging behaviours and of their social organisation. A non-destructive method for evaluating the preservation of the original aragonitic shell carbonate using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry with an attenuated reflectance attachment is presented, allowing for robust SST reconstructions. Near-shore SST reconstructions are presented from the LSA levels of Nelson Bay Cave and Byneskranskop 1, along with new radiocarbon chronologies spanning the terminal Pleistocene and the Holocene, and from the MSA deposits at Pinnacle Point 5–6 and Klasies River Main site, dated to periods in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 and across the MIS5/4 transition. These reconstructions confirm the utility of near-shore SST records for terrestrial climate reconstructions, indicating shifts in summer rainfall during the Holocene and across MIS5/4. The annual timing of shellfish foraging is shown to be markedly different between the MSA and LSA, permitting more nuanced assessments of foraging behaviours within the MSA and LSA.","PeriodicalId":45689,"journal":{"name":"Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79514960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Vidas entre conchas: dinâmicas sociais na construção de concheiros entre os Diola da Guiné-Bissau, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2022 (Life among shells: social dynamics in the construction of shell mounds among the Diola of Guinea-Bissau, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 2022). 《贝壳之间的生活:几内亚比绍迪奥拉之间建造贝壳的社会动力学》，米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学，2022年。

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2022.2139961

Bruno Pastre Máximo

引用次数: 0

Tom Huffman (1944–2022) 汤姆·霍夫曼(1944-2022)

IF 1.1 2区历史学

Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2022.2152994

A. Esterhuysen

{"title":"Tom Huffman (1944–2022)","authors":"A. Esterhuysen","doi":"10.1080/0067270X.2022.2152994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270X.2022.2152994","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas (Tom) Niel Huffman was born and educated in the United States. In 1966 he graduated with a BA Honours degree in anthropology and later obtained his MA (1968) and PhD (1974) in anthropology from the University of Illinois. In 1967 he accompanied Brian Fagan, then a Visiting Professor at the University of Illinois, to Zambia where they excavated two sites on the northern edge of the Zambezi escarpment. Shortly thereafter he moved to Bulawayo to work on his doctoral project. He spent two months there at the National Museum studying collections and then excavated at the site of Leopards Kopje. In doing so he was able to ‘clarify inconsistencies’ in the Leopards Kopje sequence, set the limits of the ‘culture’ and describe affinities with other ‘Later Iron Age cultures’ to understand its place within larger migration patterns (Huffman 1974). His PhD set the methodological foundation for much of Tom’s later work, but also foreshadowed the scope and scale of the contribution that he would make over the next 50 years. Tom’s professional career started in Zimbawbwe, then Rhodesia, in the early 1970s with his appointment at the Queen Victoria Museum, Salisbury, as Chief Scientific Officer, National Museums and Monuments. He served as Inspector of Monuments for the Historical Monuments Commission from 1970 to 1972 with duties that included monitoring the site of","PeriodicalId":45689,"journal":{"name":"Azania-Archaeological Research in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80850579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0