{"title":"Spillover effects of VAT Self-enforcement properties: Evidence based on the replacement of business tax with VAT reform","authors":"Hang Liu, Yitong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In accordance with the purchasing tax-deduction method and the receipt-based value added tax (VAT) system, the same transaction can be recorded by two firms, which creates self-enforcement properties, thereby restraining tax avoidance. Using the Replacement of Business Tax with VAT reform in China, this paper adopts a difference-in-differences design to investigate the spillover effects of VAT self-enforcement properties on corporate income tax avoidance by manually collating information about suppliers/clients of listed firms. As the listed firms' suppliers/clients switch from paying business tax to paying VAT, there is a striking decline in their corporate income tax avoidance behavior. This effect is pronounced in firms with closer upstream and downstream correlations, higher information complexity and stronger incentives for tax avoidance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44642562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to improve IFRS for intangible assets? A milestone approach","authors":"Shefei Ma , Weiguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on the decreasing relevance of financial information associated with current financial reporting standards for intangible assets. We summarize and compare three approaches to improving financial reporting standards for internally generated intangibles—the recognition approach, the fair value approach and the disclosure approach, among which we focus on the recognition approach. We investigate the impact of current International Accounting Standard 38 on the R&D capitalization policies of the high-tech industry, particularly among medical device firms in China. We conclude that the current recognition criteria are so stringent that they disincentivize firms from capitalizing their R&D investments. A large variation exists in capitalization timing within the medical device industry. Accordingly, we propose the milestone approach to revising financial reporting standards for intangible assets. We suggest that determining the capitalization criteria for intangibles based on the R&D cycle and capitalization timing should be moved forward.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44820206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do anti-corruption campaigns affect IPO underpricing? Evidence from a central discipline inspection of the CSRC in China","authors":"Chao Yan , Zai Li , Jiaxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The system of central discipline inspections has become a key anti-corruption governance tool in China since 2013. This paper investigates the impact of a central discipline inspection of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) on initial public offering (IPO) underpricing. We find that IPO firms listed during the inspection period exhibit greater IPO underpricing than those listed outside the inspection period. The reason is the increased focus of the CSRC on maintaining capital market stability, which makes it more inclined to approve IPO firms with lower issue prices during the inspection period compared with other periods. We also find that IPO firms listed during the inspection period have better short-term market performance but poorer long-term returns than those listed outside the inspection period. Moreover, the effect of the anti-corruption inspection on IPO underpricing is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises, firms with low-quality auditors and firms located in regions with high corruption. Overall, our paper enriches the literature on IPO underpricing and the economic consequences of the central discipline inspection system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45436483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does the reputation mechanism apply to independent directors in emerging markets? Evidence from China","authors":"Jin-hui Luo , Yue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine whether reputable independent directors improve firm performance and governance quality in emerging markets, using data from China. Firms with such directors, measured as the number of directorships in other listed firms, have higher profitability, operating efficiency and productivity. They suffer from fewer agency problems, pay more cash dividends and have lower likelihoods of receiving modified audit opinions and participating in financial disclosure-related irregularities than their counterparts. In China’s unique institutional context, the reputation mechanism for independent directors applies to firms in regions with weak marketization environments, non-state-owned enterprises and firms without political connections; it also applies when external governance is weak. Overall, reputable independent directors appear to occupy valuable advising and monitoring roles and compensate for weak institutions and governance in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does green governance affect financing constraints? Evidence from China’s heavily polluting enterprises","authors":"Pei Jose Liu, Congjing Song, Jiayuan Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the increasing focus on global sustainable development, many enterprises in developing countries such as China participate in green governance and scale up their green investment; however, many enterprises still experience financing difficulties. Our study investigates whether green governance can mitigate corporate financing constraints. Using a sample of Chinese, A-share listed, high-pollution enterprises from 2013 to 2018, we find that corporate green governance practices, including environmental performance and information disclosure, ease corporate financing constraints. This effect is pronounced in areas with high levels of financial development and for state-owned enterprises. This paper not only proposes a channel for alleviating enterprises’ financing constraints but also reveals the importance of industrial transformation and emissions reduction for energy-intensive industries in emerging markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000478/pdfft?md5=a13cdb7dc3489eaa37e5239265b91297&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000478-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48817947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concurrent independent directors in the same industry and accounting information comparability","authors":"Shangkun Liang , Rong Fu , Xue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies during the 2008–2019 period, we explore the impact of concurrent independent directors in the same industry (hereafter CIDSI) on accounting information comparability. We find that CIDSI can effectively promote accounting information comparability and that this effect is realized mainly through inhibiting earnings management. We also find that CIDSI can provide broader industry perception of the company’s board reports. Variations in concurrent companies and internal and external environments have significant moderating effects on the relationship between CIDSI and accounting information comparability. This relationship contributes to reducing audit fees and the possibility of receiving non-standard unqualified audit opinions. Our findings have implications for companies by demonstrating the importance of recruiting independent directors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175530912200048X/pdfft?md5=f85440c84ef2790f8a9019a0429d2b0e&pid=1-s2.0-S175530912200048X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does a national industrial policy promote financial market stability? A study based on stock price crash risk","authors":"Weimin Xie , Hengxin Zhang , Jialu Guo , Miao He","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Whether the implementation of a national industrial policy can maintain stability in the financial market is a question of theoretical and practical significance. Using data from China’s non-financial listed firms from 2007 to 2020, we find that a national industrial policy lowers stock price crash risk. We find that the effect of an industrial policy on lowering stock price crash risk is more pronounced in regions with low levels of regional marketization and if firms have high external uncertainty, low total asset turnover, greater earnings management and receive small increments of long-term loans and fewer government subsidies, suggesting that industrial policies lower stock price crash risk by improving firm fundamentals and reducing external uncertainty, agency costs and information asymmetry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000491/pdfft?md5=0c60bf7a674ff5dff7e02f7af19bf2dc&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000491-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42631770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiamin Liu , Yalin Jiang , Shengdao Gan , Ran Chen
{"title":"The impact of D&O insurance on excess corporate leverage","authors":"Jiamin Liu , Yalin Jiang , Shengdao Gan , Ran Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The governance effects of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance), an important tool for risk diversification, are of strong concern in the capital market. Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2009 to 2018, we examine the impact of D&O insurance on excess corporate leverage. We find that D&O insurance is negatively associated with excess corporate leverage and that this result is consistent with a series of robustness tests. Further analyses show that D&O insurance impedes excess corporate leverage mainly because of its effect on external monitoring. The effect is more pronounced for firms that are state-owned, have political connections and are located in provinces with low marketization than for other firms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175530912200051X/pdfft?md5=e049438d47bea292a6e0fc5ffc7415b8&pid=1-s2.0-S175530912200051X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Covering or monitoring? Independent director connectedness and corporate fraud in China","authors":"Jieli Xing , Yongjie Zhang , Xiong Xiong , Guangzhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines how independent directors’ social capital, as measured by their social network, affects corporate fraud. We find that firms with well-connected independent directors are less likely to commit fraud, supporting our monitoring effect hypothesis. This result is robust to a battery of tests. Further analyses show that the effect is stronger for firms with a relatively poor legal environment, for firms whose independent directors face strong reputation incentives and when independent directors are audit committee members. Moreover, we explore a potential economic mechanism of the effect and observe that well-connected independent directors are associated with less absenteeism and more dissension. Overall, our findings suggest that independent directors’ social capital plays an important role in corporate governance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000533/pdfft?md5=6b6d21fa397d4b415a645a34fad12eac&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000533-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46978908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implications of the “momentum” theory of digitalization in accounting: Evidence from Ash Cloud","authors":"Min Zhang , Tingting Ye , Li Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We aim to demystify digitalization in accounting (DIA) based on the case study of Ash Cloud, a digital factory in Shenzhen, China. From the perspective of dynamic capabilities, we develop the “momentum” theory of DIA to illustrate that firm and executive characteristics drive digital transformation and organizational capabilities. Ash Cloud’s CEO values and cultivates an organizational culture of transparency and openness, while the firm is characterized by cost pressures. Organizational capabilities shape digitalization in business processes and different approaches to DIA. Our findings suggest that the core competence of Ash Cloud is its capability for systems integration, which includes knowledge of redesign, reconfiguration and redefinition. Ash Cloud stands out because of its knowledge extending beyond the firm’s boundaries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000545/pdfft?md5=d77376aac2575c0393eb94497dcd07c2&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000545-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}