{"title":"Stock index adjustments and analysts’ forecast optimism: A quasi-natural experiment on the CSI 300 Index","authors":"Shangkun Liang, Huaigu Cui, Chun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As stock index adjustments comprise a basic system of capital market, their potential influence on analysts’ earnings forecasts is worthy of research. Based on a research sample of 23 adjustments to the CSI 300 Index from June 2007 to June 2018 and the backup stocks announced during the same period, this study examines the impact of additions to stock index on analysts’ forecast optimism using a staggered difference-in-differences model. The research results show that after stocks are added to the stock index, analysts’ earnings forecast optimism about these stocks increases significantly. Cross-sectional analysis indicates that this increase is more significant when the market is bullish, institutional ownership is low, the ratio of listed brokerage firms is low, star analyst coverage is low, firms show seasoned equity offering activity, the ratio of analysts from the top five brokerage firms ranked by commission income is high, and the analysts’ brokerage firms are shareholders. However, analyst-level tests find that analysts’ ability helps to reduce the impact of additions to stock index on earnings forecast optimism. Furthermore, additions to stock index significantly increase analyst coverage and forecast divergence. Economic consequences tests find additions to stock index significantly increases stock price synchronization, which is partly mediated by analysts’ earnings forecast optimism. This study enriches the literature on the impact of basic capital market systems and analyst behavior. The findings suggest that investors should rationally evaluate analysts’ earnings forecasts for stocks added to the stock index and obtain further information from various channels to improve asset allocation efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000260/pdfft?md5=a565dd1c70c879123f17790de6120f68&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000260-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43351424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do companies compare employees’ salaries? Evidence from stated-owned enterprise group","authors":"Chuang Lu , Yuhao Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanism by which enterprises set salaries is vitally important to employees and is especially relevant to the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper investigates the effect of comparing employee compensation based on a sample of A-share SOE groups from 2008 to 2018. We find that when employee compensation at one company sharply increases, the employee compensation of other companies controlled by the same group will increase sharply in the following year. Further analysis shows that when employees’ sense of unfair compensation is stronger, when employees are less replaceable and when enterprises’ ability to pay is stronger, the effect of employee pay comparison is stronger. Increased employee salary does not improve enterprise performance, however, suggesting that such salary adjustment is ineffective. This paper expands the research on employee compensation and provides useful insights for optimizing the design of compensation contracts and promoting compensation reform in SOEs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000326/pdfft?md5=45854216ffe0ef88ea0db42ef002d9bf&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danglun Luo , Zhanfeng Wu , Jingsi Zhuo , Jianmei He
{"title":"Market misvaluation and corporate innovation: “Catering” or “risk aversion”?—Empirical evidence from China capital market","authors":"Danglun Luo , Zhanfeng Wu , Jingsi Zhuo , Jianmei He","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper tests how market misvaluation affects corporate innovation. Unlike the “catering effect” observed in the US, we find that estimated stock overvaluation in China is strongly negatively associated with corporate innovation, conforming to our “risk-aversion” hypothesis. In China, misvaluation affects innovation via finance and management behavior channels. The effect is more significant in non-state-owned corporations than in state-owned corporations. Stock turnover rate and ownership concentration play moderating roles in the effect. The evidence sheds light on the relationship between market risks and corporate innovation in an emerging market.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000296/pdfft?md5=82252ceb0ced84aa71a325bc0b8bac30&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000296-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46476334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Government R&D spending, fiscal instruments and corporate technological innovation","authors":"Dapeng Tang , Yuan Li , Hao Zheng , Xin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using panel data from 242 cities in China, we examine the impact of government research and development (R&D) spending on corporate technological innovation. We find that listed firms located in cities with higher government R&D expenditures are more innovative than firms in other cities. Further, the positive effect of government R&D spending depends on fiscal instruments and factor allocation. Through subsidies and tax incentives, government R&D spending enhances firm innovation by alleviating financing constraints, improving employee creativity and ensuring efficient operations. We demonstrate that subsidies are more effective than taxes in spurring corporate technological innovation. We also show that the impact of government R&D spending is stronger for state-owned and high-tech enterprises than for other enterprises. Overall, our findings suggest that government R&D spending can substantially improve corporate technological innovation through fiscal instruments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000302/pdfft?md5=f5370b0a9729f1d6c76de724439579e7&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000302-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42349108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standardization of the strategy translation process, procedural fairness in budgeting and firm performance","authors":"Wenxuan Duan , Hezun Li , Jian Sun , Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the effect of the standardization of the strategy translation process on procedural fairness in budgeting and firm performance. Analysis of 250 valid questionnaires using a structural equation model shows that the strategy translation process (STP) affects firm performance not only directly but also indirectly, through budget participation and procedural fairness in budgeting. This study enriches the literature on the economic consequences of strategic performance measurement systems and expands research on procedural fairness in budgeting and the factors influencing firm performance. This study shows that the standard translation and implementation of strategy will decrease managers’ bias in the target-setting process, thus increasing manager’s sense of fairness in the budget process and ultimately improving firm performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175530912200034X/pdfft?md5=d3373f1d6b2ec2830bf55b874d235fdf&pid=1-s2.0-S175530912200034X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44527645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does an abnormal change in deferred tax assets interfere with analysts’ earnings forecasts?","authors":"Yujia Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2007, China adopted the single balance sheet liability method for tax accounting, but its shortcomings have emerged. I sample A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2018 to study whether an abnormal change in deferred tax assets interferes with analysts’ earnings forecasts and find that an abnormal change in deferred tax assets increases the error and divergence of these forecasts. Compared with a negative abnormal change in deferred tax assets, a positive abnormal change has a greater impact on earnings forecasts. Additionally, the level of corporate governance, audit quality and analysts’ professional ability have moderating effects on the correlation between an abnormal change in deferred tax assets and earnings forecasts. However, an abnormal change in deferred tax liabilities does not have a significant impact on that correlation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000351/pdfft?md5=75bf18c2b0d215f37e94713810bb9139&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000351-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48776473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Labor protection, information disclosure and analyst forecasts: Evidence from China’s Labor Contract Law","authors":"Xiaojia Zheng , Yunfei Yang , Yanyan Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Labor protection increases employees’ stability and strengthens their monitoring role, improving firms’ information environment and increasing analysts’ earnings forecast accuracy. Using the implementation of China’s Labor Contract Law as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that labor protection significantly improves analyst forecasts. This positive impact is stronger when agency problems are weaker, board independence is greater, corporate reputation is better and industry competition is more intense. Enhanced labor protection significantly reduces firms’ business risk and accrual-based earnings management, decreases stock price synchronicity and increases market pricing efficiency. Our findings of significant impacts of China’s Labor Contract Law on analysts’ forecasting behaviors offer important guidance for promoting the development of the Chinese capital market and policy making in labor protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000314/pdfft?md5=e54d4308cd7364610a7e181968d10786&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000314-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-actual controllers and corporate innovation: Evidence from China","authors":"Shanzhong Du , Lianfu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the number of “ownerless” enterprises in China’s capital market increases, so does the importance of paying attention to their behavior. From the perspective of enterprises’ control rights allocation, we find that non-actual controllers can inhibit corporate innovation by intensifying agency conflicts, reducing corporate risk-taking and strengthening financing constraints. We also find that a larger proportion of independent directors, higher audit quality, greater managerial ownership and less environmental uncertainty weaken the negative effect of non-actual controllers on corporate innovation. In contrast, multiple large shareholders strengthen the inhibitory effect of non-actual controllers on corporate innovation, but this inhibitory effect comes from over-supervision rather than from collusion. We further divide non-actual controllers into real and hidden types and find that real non-actual controllers still have a significant inhibitory effect on corporate innovation. Finally, we rule out the competitive explanation of equity dispersion, whereby non-actual controllers inhibit corporate innovation. This study enriches the literature on the factors influencing corporate innovation and provides evidence of the adverse impact of non-actual controllers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000338/pdfft?md5=426acce4124f4360d6ded8c329c35a50&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000338-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136551969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thinking of peace when rich: The effect of industry growth on corporate risk-taking","authors":"Xiangting Kong , Jinsong Tan , Jingxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the unique role and mechanisms of industry growth in firms’ risk-taking policies. We find that industry growth is negatively associated with corporate risk-taking, consistent with the prospect theory that a high-growth industry gives firms a superior external environment, which may cause them to refrain from corporate risk-taking as in the saying “thinking of peace when rich.” This correlation is stronger for product market leaders, industries encouraged by industry policies and industries that receive more government support. Firms reduce risk-taking through various corporate policies, including long-term, high-value investments, operational efficiency and cash holdings in response to high industry growth. Overall, our results are consistent with industry growth negatively affecting corporate risk-taking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000053/pdfft?md5=7443c9a20927ca5bd3f3865a2e0dba07&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000053-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44726660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phoebe Gao , Chu Yeong Lim , Xiumei Liu , Cheng Colin Zeng
{"title":"Loan loss provisions and return predictability: A dynamic perspective","authors":"Phoebe Gao , Chu Yeong Lim , Xiumei Liu , Cheng Colin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the impact of loan loss provisions (LLPs) on return predictability during 1994–2017. We find that on average, LLPs are negatively associated with one year ahead stock returns. This effect is particularly significant during the global financial crisis but much weaker during the Basel II and III periods. Consistent with these findings, a long–short trading strategy based on LLPs generates positive abnormal returns during the Basel II and III periods but negative abnormal returns during the financial crisis. Cross-sectional tests show that this effect is more pronounced among banks with greater information asymmetry. Decomposition of LLPs suggests that these findings are driven mainly by nondiscretionary LLPs. Overall, our results suggest that the relationship between LLPs and future stock returns is not linear but contingent on bank regulations and macroeconomic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45688,"journal":{"name":"China Journal of Accounting Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755309122000041/pdfft?md5=7f080f0bcb868f67e53524763777761e&pid=1-s2.0-S1755309122000041-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48106285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}