International Review of Victimology最新文献

‘My trust in strangers has disappeared completely’: How hate crime, perceived risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation affect fear of crime among Swedish LGBTQ students 我对陌生人的信任完全消失了"：仇恨犯罪、感知风险和隐瞒性取向如何影响瑞典女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性者学生对犯罪的恐惧

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241271464

Paul Baschar Ilse, Mika Hagerlid

{"title":"‘My trust in strangers has disappeared completely’: How hate crime, perceived risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation affect fear of crime among Swedish LGBTQ students","authors":"Paul Baschar Ilse, Mika Hagerlid","doi":"10.1177/02697580241271464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580241271464","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has established correlations between anti-LGBTQ hate crime, fear of crime, perceived victimization risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation. Aside from correlations, the relationships between these variables remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the relationships between anti-LGBTQ hate crime, perceived risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation in relation to fear of crime. Based on previous research and theory, the authors hypothesize (1) that experiences of hate crime victimization increase fear of crime, perceived victimization risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation; (2) that high levels of perceived risk result in high fear of crime and a more prevalent concealment of orientation; and (3) that the concealment of sexual orientation results in lower fear of crime. The sample consists of LGBTQ students enrolled at a Swedish university. The study uses a mixed method approach, combining survey data ( N = 353) and interview data ( N = 10). The data are assessed using path analysis and thematic analysis. The path analysis supported the authors’ hypothesis regarding experiences of anti-LGBT hate crime, perceived risk, and fear of crime. The qualitative analysis showed that victims of hate crimes had a reduced ability to process negative emotions because they experienced other traumatic life events parallel to the victimization. Similarly, feelings of being reduced to a negative stereotype resulted in higher levels of both fear of crime and perceived risk. Finally, the path analysis rejected the hypothesis that the concealment of sexual orientation results in lower fear of crime. Rather than being an agency-driven and functional fear response, the interview data showed that while these practices reduced victimization risk, they negatively impacted the overall health of the participants through feelings of lack of authenticity and self-censorship.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Doesn’t anyone care anymore?’ – Bystander intervention to hate crime 难道就没有人再关心一下吗？

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241271465

Maya Flax, Olivia Millband, Windy Grendele

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The impact of top-down and bottom-up factors in shaping the status of the victim: A study of recent victim empowerment shifts in Slovenia 自上而下和自下而上的因素对受害者地位形成的影响：斯洛文尼亚近期受害者赋权转变研究

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241271466

Nina Peršak

{"title":"The impact of top-down and bottom-up factors in shaping the status of the victim: A study of recent victim empowerment shifts in Slovenia","authors":"Nina Peršak","doi":"10.1177/02697580241271466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580241271466","url":null,"abstract":"Victims of crime have seen a significant shift in the criminal justice approaches towards them over time: from rather passive observers of the conflict between the state and the offender to more active agents whose thoughts, wishes and emotions are allowed to be voiced and whose participation is recognised as legitimate in its own right within the criminal process. The article analyses to what extent this empowerment shift is reflected in Slovenia, specifically how the criminal law acknowledges and defines the victim in the criminal justice setting. While the European Union (EU) legislation in this area, as a top-down factor in shaping the rights and status of the victim, has provided an important impetus for legislative changes, particularly in relation to certain aspects, rights and categories of crime victims, as well as the definition of the victim, the more conceptual recent transformations (e.g. an altered model of rape) arose out of changed societal sensitivities spurred by triggering events and a wider social and political context. Implications and outstanding challenges are discussed in the concluding section.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From ecocide to ecocentrism: Conceptualising environmental victimhood at the International Criminal Court 从生态灭绝到生态中心主义：国际刑事法院的环境受害者概念化

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241269426

Rachel Killean, Elizabeth Newton

{"title":"From ecocide to ecocentrism: Conceptualising environmental victimhood at the International Criminal Court","authors":"Rachel Killean, Elizabeth Newton","doi":"10.1177/02697580241269426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580241269426","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, an Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide launched what they described as a ‘practical and effective definition of the crime of ecocide’. The Panel expressed their hope that the ‘proposed definition might serve as the basis of consideration for an amendment to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court’. The proposed crime differs from the majority of those currently codified in the Rome Statute in that it adopts an ‘ecocentric’ understanding of harm, meaning damage to the natural environment alone is sufficient as the basis for the crime. In this article, we extend this ecocentric perspective to the International Criminal Court’s (ICC’s) victim participation and reparation regime. Drawing on emerging ecocentric legal movements, including the recognition of territories as victims of armed conflict, international rights of nature movements, environmental restorative justice, and existing juridical practice on repairing environmental harm, we consider the environmentally reparative possibilities of recognising the environment itself as a victim of a crime, with accompanying rights to participation, representation, and reparation. We argue that such recognition may enable more holistic repair in the aftermath of atrocity and could therefore be a valuable development both alongside and in the absence of a new crime of ecocide.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual item trade scams: A typology of young victims 虚拟物品交易诈骗：年轻受害者类型

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241258786

Søren Kristiansen, Aksel Vassard Jensen, Mathias Nimgaard, Emil Ludvigsen

引用次数: 0

‘Nobody believes you if you’re a bloke’: Barriers to disclosure and help-seeking for male forced-to-penetrate victims/survivors 如果你是个男人，就没人相信你"：男性强迫性行为受害者/幸存者披露信息和寻求帮助的障碍

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241238768

Siobhan Weare, Joanne Hulley, Duncan Craig

{"title":"‘Nobody believes you if you’re a bloke’: Barriers to disclosure and help-seeking for male forced-to-penetrate victims/survivors","authors":"Siobhan Weare, Joanne Hulley, Duncan Craig","doi":"10.1177/02697580241238768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580241238768","url":null,"abstract":"Research on barriers that exist for male victims/survivors of sexual abuse in relation to disclosing their experiences is limited. This article shares qualitative data in relation to disclosure and help-seeking barriers encountered by male victims/survivors of female-perpetrated sexual abuse. Findings from semi-structured interviews conducted with 30 male victims/survivors in the United Kingdom about their forced-to-penetrate (FTP) experiences are discussed. FTP cases involve a man being FTP, with his penis and without his consent, the vagina, anus, or mouth of a woman. During their interviews, male victims/survivors shared multiple barriers which resulted in delayed, selective, limited, or no disclosure. These included; masculinity, feelings of shame and self-blame, struggling to understand and label experiences, concerns about the consequences of disclosure, and a lack of (knowledge about) support. These barriers are critically discussed and positioned within their broader contexts and consideration is given to how they can be overcome by those most likely to engage with male FTP victims/survivors.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No heaven but no longer hell? Tales of criminal victimization and shelter among irregular migrant men 没有天堂，但也不再是地狱？非正规男性移民的犯罪受害和庇护故事

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241232694

José Miguel De La Maza Díaz, Arjen Leerkes

{"title":"No heaven but no longer hell? Tales of criminal victimization and shelter among irregular migrant men","authors":"José Miguel De La Maza Díaz, Arjen Leerkes","doi":"10.1177/02697580241232694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580241232694","url":null,"abstract":"Irregular migrants are legally excluded from formal employment, regular housing markets, and unemployment benefits, and in the Netherlands, they are also excluded from governmentally funded homeless shelters. While alternative sheltering arrangements have emerged for specific irregular migrants (e.g. minors, victims of human trafficking), unaccompanied adult men were typically still excluded from institutionalized shelter. In 2019, however, the national government launched a sheltering pilot for irregular migrants, which involves unaccompanied adult men in particular. Based on qualitative fieldwork in Rotterdam, and using Van Dijk and Steinmetz’s risk model as a theoretical lens, we argue that irregular status, interacting with other relevant factors such as social capital, co-determines the men’s criminal victimization risks, and fear of crime. In addition, we show how access to shelter changed the meaning and therefore the consequences of irregular status, resulting in both ‘de-marginalization’ and ‘re-marginalization’: victimization risks were generally reported to be lower in the shelter than in the streets, but sheltering also introduced new risks, which were mostly attributed to the co-presence of other sheltered groups, especially marginalized European Union (EU) citizens with a stronger immigration status. Paying attention to immigration statuses, and how they are socially constructed, thus helps to shed light on contemporary criminal victimization risks.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breaking the silence: Examining process of cyber sextortion and victims’ coping strategies 打破沉默：研究网络性骚扰的过程和受害者的应对策略

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241234331

Fangzhou Wang

{"title":"Breaking the silence: Examining process of cyber sextortion and victims’ coping strategies","authors":"Fangzhou Wang","doi":"10.1177/02697580241234331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580241234331","url":null,"abstract":"Sextortion is the threat to distribute intimate, sexual materials unless a victim complies with particular demands. Cyber sextortion, specifically, takes advantage of the Internet’s anonymous nature and uses explicit personal images to inflict harm on victims. Despite this crime’s serious nature, there is a dearth of empirical knowledge of sextortion, particularly the process of fear management for the victims. This article employed a qualitative content analysis of the victim testimonials posted on the Reddit sextortion forum to explore the coping mechanisms of 175 cyber sextortion victims. Borrowed from the transactional model of stress and coping developed by Lazarus and Folkman, the characteristics of person–environment stimuli, ransom, appraisal and coping, revisit, and reappraisal were identified and revealed an extended model of fear and stress management applied particularly among sextortion victims. In addition, characteristics that are unique to female and male victims are also revealed in this analysis. In sum, the dynamic nature of fear and stress management among victims of sextortion implies specific crime control and prevention policies.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards a multifactorial framework of the Roma’s victimisation: Discrimination, risky situations, and acceptance of violence as correlates of physical assault and harassment 建立罗姆人受害的多因素框架：歧视、危险处境和接受暴力是人身攻击和骚扰的相关因素

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1177/02697580241232436

Lorena Molnar, Julien Chopin, Yuji Z Hashimoto, Alexander T Vazsonyi

引用次数: 0

‘I guess that’s the price of decentralisation… ’: Understanding scam victimisation experiences in an online cryptocurrency community 我想这就是去中心化的代价......"：了解在线加密货币社区中的诈骗受害经历

IF 1.5

International Review of Victimology Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/02697580231215840

Andrew Childs

{"title":"‘I guess that’s the price of decentralisation… ’: Understanding scam victimisation experiences in an online cryptocurrency community","authors":"Andrew Childs","doi":"10.1177/02697580231215840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580231215840","url":null,"abstract":"There is a distinct lack of criminological research examining victimisation experiences in emerging cryptocurrency frauds. At the same time, online cryptocurrency communities have become a key part of the social milieu of the cryptocurrency ecosystem where scams are commonplace. Using Reddit forum data from the subreddit r/ CryptoCurrency, this exploratory qualitative study investigates how users in an online cryptocurrency community share knowledge and experiences of cryptocurrency scams. Thematic analysis revealed how online cryptocurrency communities discuss scams by (1) arming the community (e.g. newcomer guides, personal disclosures of scam victimisation, and reflections on the technological affordances in scams); and (2) establishing community norms in response to cryptocurrency scams (e.g. protecting the community, ‘scambaiting’ practices, normalising scams as an outcome of ‘decentralisation’). Gaining a deeper understanding of cryptocurrency scam experiences provides timely insights into the intersections between victims/offenders in digital environments, how we can respond to the recent growth in cryptocurrency scams, and the variegated ways that victims seek assistance following experiences.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"44 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0