Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis最新文献_第9页

Institutional Roles and Goals for Retrospective Regulatory Analysis 回顾性监管分析的机构角色和目标

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2021.10

Lori S. Bennear, J. Wiener

{"title":"Institutional Roles and Goals for Retrospective Regulatory Analysis","authors":"Lori S. Bennear, J. Wiener","doi":"10.1017/bca.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite repeated calls for retrospective regulatory review by every President since the 1970s, progress on implementing such reviews has been slow. We argue that part of the explanation for the slow progress to date stems from misalignment between the goals of regulatory review and the institutional framework used for the review. We define three distinct goals of regulatory review – the rule relevance goal, the rule improvement goal, and the regulatory learning goal. We then examine the text of the Presidential Executive Orders and major Congressional legislation addressing retrospective review, and document which goals were targeted and which institutions were used to conduct the reviews. We find that the U.S. federal government has almost always sought review of one rule at a time, conducted by the agency that issued or promulgated the rule and that these reviews tend to focus on rule relevance and costs. This institutional framework for retrospective review – one rule, assessed by the promulgating agency, focused on relevance and cost – is only well-suited to a narrow interpretation of the rule improvement goal. We then review alternative institutional structures that could better meet the rule improvement goal and the broader regulatory learning goal across multiple rules and agencies, and we offer recommendations for developing new guidance and institutions to promote multiagency regulatory learning.","PeriodicalId":45587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis","volume":"59 1","pages":"466 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87420146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

BCA volume 12 issue 2 Cover and Back matter BCA第12卷第2期封面和封底

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2021.8

引用次数: 0

Accounting for the Distribution of Benefits and Costs in Benefit–Cost Analysis 效益-成本分析中收益与成本分配的核算

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2020.29

J. Hammitt

{"title":"Accounting for the Distribution of Benefits and Costs in Benefit–Cost Analysis","authors":"J. Hammitt","doi":"10.1017/bca.2020.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Benefit–cost analysis (BCA) is often viewed as measuring the efficiency of a policy independent of the distribution of its consequences. The role of distributional effects on policy choice is disputed; either: (a) the policy that maximizes net benefits should be selected and distributional concerns should be addressed through other measures, such as tax and transfer programs or (b) BCA should be supplemented with distributional analysis and decision-makers should weigh efficiency and distribution in policy choice. The separation of efficiency and distribution is misleading. The measure of efficiency depends on the numéraire chosen for the analysis, whether monetary values or some other good (unless individuals have the same rates of substitution between them). The choice of numéraire is not neutral; it can affect the ranking of policies by calculated net benefits. Alternative evaluation methods, such as BCA using a different numéraire, weighted BCA, or a social welfare function (SWF), may better integrate concerns about distribution and efficiency. The most appropriate numéraire, distributional weights, or SWFs cannot be measured or statistically estimated; it is a normative choice.","PeriodicalId":45587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis","volume":"19 1","pages":"64 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83455833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The Influence of Individual Characteristics and Institutional Norms on Bureaucrats’ Use of Cost–Benefit Analysis: A Choice Experiment 个体特征和制度规范对官僚使用成本效益分析的影响:一个选择实验

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2020.23

J. Hammes, L. Nerhagen, H. C. Fors

{"title":"The Influence of Individual Characteristics and Institutional Norms on Bureaucrats’ Use of Cost–Benefit Analysis: A Choice Experiment","authors":"J. Hammes, L. Nerhagen, H. C. Fors","doi":"10.1017/bca.2020.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A commonly assumed reason for the delegation of authority from a legislature (politicians) to bureaucracies is that the bureaucrats have an information advantage over the politicians, including knowledge of cost–benefit analysis (CBA). But it is reasonable to assume that the bureaucrats use their information advantage by taking all relevant aspects of policy into account? We model the use of CBA using a delegation model and then test the theoretical predictions with empirical data collected from five Swedish government agencies. The empirical results lend support both for the hypothesis that risk aversion concerning the environmental outcome, the bureaucrats’ environmental attitudes, and the cost of taking CBA information into account have a considerable impact on the probability of using information from a CBA. Hence risk averse and bureaucrats with strong environmental preferences are less likely and bureaucrats with low cost of doing a CBA more likely than other bureaucrats to use CBA information. Finally, a binding governmental budget constraint may positively influence a bureaucrat’s choice of using CBA information. A tentative conclusion is therefore that it may be possible to increase the use of CBA by making the budgetary consequences of policies much clearer and demanding due consideration of costs.","PeriodicalId":45587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis","volume":"29 1","pages":"258 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76765737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Extending the Domain of the Value of a Statistical Life 扩展统计生命值的范围

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2020.19

W. Viscusi

引用次数: 5

Retrospective Benefit–Cost Analysis of Security-Enhancing and Cost-Saving Technologies 增强安全与节约成本技术的回顾性效益-成本分析

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2020.24

S. Farrow, D. von Winterfeldt

{"title":"Retrospective Benefit–Cost Analysis of Security-Enhancing and Cost-Saving Technologies","authors":"S. Farrow, D. von Winterfeldt","doi":"10.1017/bca.2020.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research and development (R&D) planners in homeland security agencies would like to be able to prioritize investments in projects based on costs versus future safety and security benefits. While costs are often readily available, estimates of safety and security benefits are fraught with uncertainty. To address these challenges, a benefit–cost model of technological change is adapted to the homeland security context. Data are sparse; therefore, estimation is facilitated by developing a familiar linear welfare model using derivatives of cost and risk reduction functions to estimate areas of costs and benefits. The theoretical model is applied to two homeland security projects involving airport patrols and the assignment of U.S. federal air marshals to international flights. Retrospective data are available for most periods. Welfare-based rates of return are reported for the two cases, each of which is estimated to return large present value net benefits. Extensive sensitivity and Monte Carlo simulation explores uncertainties. Two important findings are that (i) given the rationality assumption, relative increases in security levels can be valued, even if the absolute level of security is not known; and (ii) large uncertainties about risk reduction exist but can be bounded by parametric sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.","PeriodicalId":45587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"479 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82855398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Averting Expenditures and Willingness to Pay for Electricity Supply Reliability 避免支出和支付电力供应可靠性的意愿

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2020.25

Naghmeh Niroomand, G. Jenkins

引用次数: 3

The Implications of Ecological Economic Theories of Value to Cost-Benefit Analysis: Importance of Alternative Valuation for Developing Nations with Special Emphasis on Central America 生态经济价值理论对成本效益分析的影响:发展中国家替代性价值评估的重要性，特别以中美洲为例

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2020-10-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780138761790-21

Bernardo J. Aguilar, Thomas J. Semanchin

引用次数: 0

Efficiency without Apology: Consideration of the Marginal Excess Tax Burden and Distributional Impacts in Benefit–Cost Analysis 无道歉的效率:边际超额税负与收益成本分析中的分配影响

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2020.18

A. Boardman, D. Greenberg, A. Vining, D. Weimer

引用次数: 6

Adverse spillovers 负面的溢出效应

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2020-08-19 DOI: 10.4324/9781351029780-17

E. Mishan, E. Quah

引用次数: 0