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John of Garland on the Jews 加兰德的约翰谈犹太人
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2098530
W. Jordan
{"title":"John of Garland on the Jews","authors":"W. Jordan","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2098530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2098530","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The works of John of Garland, an Englishman who taught in Paris and Toulouse in the first half of the thirteenth century, have many virulent passages describing the Jews of his day. Although he never denied the possibility that conversion to Christianity could redeem the Jews, he thought it unlikely they would come over to the Catholic faith or remain steadfast in the religion. His invective was extreme by the standards of the time but was influential in that it appeared in many of his pedagogical works for adolescents and young men at the universities. These works and others which were directed at a more learned audience, like those that praised the Virgin Mary and extolled the triumphs of the Church Militant, were written in rhetorically complex Latin and have not attracted the interest they deserve from scholars. This article is a first attempt toward remedying this state of affairs.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"478 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49071401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The papal monopoly of the canonisation and translation of saints on the peripheries of Latin Christendom: the case of Bohemia before c.1150 教皇对拉丁基督教边缘圣徒的封圣和翻译的垄断：约1150年前的波希米亚案例
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2101505
G. Pac
{"title":"The papal monopoly of the canonisation and translation of saints on the peripheries of Latin Christendom: the case of Bohemia before c.1150","authors":"G. Pac","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2101505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2101505","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present paper discusses the attitude of Bohemian ecclesiastical circles towards the papal monopoly of the canonisation and translation of saints. Three cases known from sources dated to the first half of the twelfth century are analysed, all pointing to widespread adoption in the Bohemian Church at a relatively early date of the view that both the canonisation of new saints and the translation of those already recognised required papal approval. The issue is discussed against the wider background of contacts between Bohemian ecclesiastical elites and Rome, as well as Germany. It was the influence of the German Church, where the notion of papal monopoly of the canonisation and translation of saints was widely accepted early on, that provides the key to understanding the phenomenon in Bohemia.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"457 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patterns of communication during the 1241 Mongol invasion of Europe: insights from the Ottobeuren letter collection 1241年蒙古入侵欧洲期间的交流模式：从奥托布伦书信集看
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2101020
Matthew Coulter
{"title":"Patterns of communication during the 1241 Mongol invasion of Europe: insights from the Ottobeuren letter collection","authors":"Matthew Coulter","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2101020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2101020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the importance of communication by letter during the initial months of the 1241 Mongol invasion of Europe (c.March–July 1241). It focuses especially on the 10 letters found in the Ottobeuren collection (Innsbruck, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol, Cod. 187, ff. 1v–8v). Through a close reading of the collection and its visualisation in the form of a network graph, this article reconstructs the transmission history of the Ottobeuren letters, including the report of Brother Julian, and shows the manner in which the collection was arranged by the compiler to give a pro-Hohenstaufen account of the invasion. The final section contextualises the Ottobeuren letters as part of a wider correspondence network from these months, and offers a reappraisal of the importance of written communication in the actions of individual princes involved in planning the defence of Germany and Bohemia against the Mongols.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"496 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45866528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Behind the scenes: Urban secretaries as managers of legal and diplomatic conflicts in the Baltic region, c.1470–1540 幕后:1470 - 1540年，波罗的海地区城市秘书作为法律和外交冲突的管理者
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2098528
Christian Manger
{"title":"Behind the scenes: Urban secretaries as managers of legal and diplomatic conflicts in the Baltic region, c.1470–1540","authors":"Christian Manger","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2098528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2098528","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the activities of urban secretaries in legal and diplomatic conflicts in and around late medieval Baltic cities. By applying actor and practice-centered approaches of conflict management and the New Diplomatic History to their letters and correspondence, it argues that secretaries made use of a combination of education, specialised governance knowledge and individual networks to participate actively in handling their councils’ conflicts. Thus, this article provides new insights into the activities of educated personnel in late medieval cities and – by combining the legal and diplomatic sphere – also aims at providing a fresh perspective on practices of Hanseatic conflict management.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"571 - 586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46246485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Iberian ambition of a duke of Burgundy: Philip the Handsome and the royal treasury in the Crown of Castile (1502–6) 勃艮第公爵的伊比利亚野心:英俊的菲利普与卡斯蒂利亚王室的国库(1502 - 1506)
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2076724
Federico Gambero Gálvez
{"title":"The Iberian ambition of a duke of Burgundy: Philip the Handsome and the royal treasury in the Crown of Castile (1502–6)","authors":"Federico Gambero Gálvez","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2076724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2076724","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Philip the Handsome, the first Habsburg king of Castile, ruled briefly, in tandem with his wife except for the final three months of his reign, from the death of Isabella I in November 1504 to his own demise in September 1506. The problems, but also the potential, of the dynastic union of Castile and the Burgundian Low Countries were clear from the time he took his oath as a prince in 1502. Castile’s royal treasury, in a severe crisis from 1503, was to become, owing to its political importance and its role as a major source of revenue, a primary arena for these dynastic interactions.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"417 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42070634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Picti: from Roman name to internal identity 皮克蒂语：从罗马名字到内部身份
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2076723
N. Evans
{"title":"Picti: from Roman name to internal identity","authors":"N. Evans","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2076723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2076723","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent scholarship has become increasingly sceptical about the importance of Pictish identity in the first millennium A.D. It has been suggested that Picti was an external classical general label for people inhabiting northern Britain only adopted internally in the late seventh century. This article reviews the references to Picti in late antique and subsequent Insular sources from the late third century to A.D. 700. It proposes that the term was adopted in northern Britain by the end of the Roman period and maintained afterwards through the usage of Latin, due to imperial influence and conversion to Christianity. While not the only ethnic identity upheld in the region, the concept of Picti was used by the kings of Fortriu for their wider realm in the late seventh century because it was already known and significant.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"291 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49398030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
How to make a warhorse: violence and behavioural control in late medieval hippiatric treatises 如何制造一匹战马:中世纪晚期嬉皮士论文中的暴力和行为控制
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2076725
Sunny Harrison
{"title":"How to make a warhorse: violence and behavioural control in late medieval hippiatric treatises","authors":"Sunny Harrison","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2076725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2076725","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Horses were vital to the military activities and social identities of the late medieval aristocracy. However, the process by which warhorses were broken and trained is poorly studied, in part because of a perceived lack of equestrian literature from Western Europe. This article uses the hippiatric tradition of horse care manuals as sources for training and behavioural control; analysing techniques that used pain and fear as well as magic and devotion to render a horse subservient. Medieval horsemanship reflected complex ideas of nobility, bellicosity and submission; using violence and bodily subjectification to turn a ‘wild’ foal into an elite warhorse that was recognisable by its gentility and politesse as well as its fierceness and bravery. As well as adding to our knowledge of medieval military provisioning and culture, this paper also contributes to a more nuanced picture of the lived experiences of animals in the Middle Ages.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"347 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44179659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethnographic writing in the kingdom of Jerusalem: in search of a neglected intellectual tradition 耶路撒冷王国的民族志写作：寻找被忽视的知识传统
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2072941
Jonathan Rubin
{"title":"Ethnographic writing in the kingdom of Jerusalem: in search of a neglected intellectual tradition","authors":"Jonathan Rubin","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2072941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2072941","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It has been argued in recent years that Western ethnographic curiosity and writing grew significantly during the late medieval period. Surprisingly, the Latin East has remained almost completely neglected within this scholarly context. The present paper aims to fill this lacuna by exploring a discourse within the kingdom of Jerusalem which focused on customs and ways of life of non-Latins and which was based on observation rather than hearsay and stereotypes. The paper traces the beginnings of this tradition and follows its development, shedding light on the figures and milieus involved as well as on its innovativeness and richness. It also explores the complex relations between this discourse and some of the earliest Latin works about the Mongols. The picture that emerges is of a society which did not lack in ethnographic curiosity, and where knowledge of other cultures was not always dominated by, or harnessed to, a polemical discourse.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"323 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43590144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heretical refugees and persecution of German Waldensians, 1393–1400 异教难民和迫害德国瓦勒度派教徒，1393-1400
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2073463
Eugene Smelyansky
{"title":"Heretical refugees and persecution of German Waldensians, 1393–1400","authors":"Eugene Smelyansky","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2073463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2073463","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historians of heresy and inquisition in late medieval German-speaking central Europe have long discussed the mobility and initiative of prosecutors – episcopal or mendicant inquisitors – as one of the main factors behind the intensification of anti-heretical activity during the 1390s and the early years of the fifteenth century. However, the mobility of heretical refugees produced by these inquisitions also constituted an important factor that helped to perpetuate anti-heretical violence. This article examines late medieval refugees by looking at two case studies involving individuals who left their home towns during the period of intensified persecutions of German Waldensians in the 1390s. Their itineraries demonstrate that Waldensian followers knew of the heretical communities in other cities and reveal the effect the refugees had on their host communities. Waldensian refugees contributed to destabilising local communities or attracting inquisitorial attention, which stoked religious violence and caused further waves of displacement.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"396 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Guild formation and the artisanal labour market: the example of Castelló d’Empúries, 1260–1310 公会的形成和手工劳动力市场:以Castelló和'Empúries为例，1260-1310
IF 0.4 2区 历史学
JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-05-07 DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2073462
E. Comuzzi
{"title":"Guild formation and the artisanal labour market: the example of Castelló d’Empúries, 1260–1310","authors":"E. Comuzzi","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2073462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2073462","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines artisanal employment agreements from the Catalan town of Castelló d’Empúries from 1260–1310, the period before and just after the formation of the first craft guild in that town. It addresses why craft guilds formed and what advantage guilds offered medieval artisans in contrast to pre-guild systems, with a focus on the market for artisanal training. The pre-guild artisanal labour market in late thirteenth-century Castelló was highly flexible, with a variety of terms and contract types under which craft training could be acquired. Artisans were free to make any agreement they found mutually satisfactory, but they were also at the mercy of the market. Trained artisans were not always the ones with higher resources and power compared to prospective learners. The cloth-finishers’ guild of Castelló closely monitored the market for training in their craft, and standardised the terms and contract formats under which training was offered.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"368 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43498137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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