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Zum Scheitern des internationalen Einsatzes in Afghanistan 我们在阿富汗的国际努力失败了
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00508-9
Thorsten Gromes
{"title":"Zum Scheitern des internationalen Einsatzes in Afghanistan","authors":"Thorsten Gromes","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00508-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00508-9","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Spätestens mit der erneuten Machtübernahme der Taliban im August 2021 gilt der fast 20 Jahre dauernde Einsatz in Afghanistan weithin als gescheitert. Der Literaturbericht präsentiert und kommentiert die zahlreichen Beiträge zur Ursachenforschung. Die Taliban konnten lange den afghanischen Sicherheitskräften und den umfangreichen internationalen Truppen trotzen und schließlich die in Zahl und Ausrüstung überlegenen Streit- und Polizeikräfte Afghanistans besiegen. In der geringen Moral der Sicherheitskräfte spiegelte sich die mangelnde Legitimität der politischen Ordnung, die nach dem Sturz der Taliban Ende 2001 entstanden war. Die Literatur kritisiert insbesondere das Bündnis der westlichen Mächte mit Kriegsfürsten, den politischen Ausschluss der Taliban und das Vorhaben oder die Ausgestaltung der Demokratisierung. Viele Beiträge werfen dem militärischen und zivilen Einsatz vor, gar keine oder keine kohärente Strategie verfolgt zu haben, und bemängeln ein zu geringes und zu kurzes Engagement. Insgesamt zeigt die Literatur eine beachtliche Breite von Erklärungen für das Scheitern in Afghanistan. Allerdings fehlt es der Fehleranalyse an wichtigen Stellen an Tiefe, sodass die angebotenen Erklärungen allenfalls teilweise überzeugen. Eine stärker vergleichende Perspektive könnte der weiteren Aufarbeitung des Scheiterns in Afghanistan helfen.","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"7 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135265902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political Science Professional Competences for a Career in the Digital World 政治科学专业能力在数字世界的职业生涯
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00507-w
Thomas Herrmann, Janin Grabs, Hannah Killmann
{"title":"Political Science Professional Competences for a Career in the Digital World","authors":"Thomas Herrmann, Janin Grabs, Hannah Killmann","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00507-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00507-w","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Studierende auf die Teilhabe an einer digital geprägten Arbeitswelt vorzubereiten, gehört nach den Empfehlungen des Wissenschaftsrates 2022 zu den vordringlichen Aufgaben der Hochschulbildung im 21. Jahrhundert. In der Politikwissenschaft steht die Diskussion über digitale Kompetenzen dagegen noch am Anfang. Der vorliegende Beitrag greift die Fachdebatte zu den Zielen des politikwissenschaftlichen Studiums auf und setzt sie in Beziehung zu den allgemeinen Zielen eines akademischen Studiums. Die sich daraus ergebenden politikwissenschaftlichen Fachkompetenzen bilden den Hintergrund für die Entwicklung und Kontextualisierung eines domänenspezifischen Modells digitaler Kompetenzen. Der zweite Teil des Artikels basiert auf einer qualitativen Studie, in der die Perspektive von Arbeitgeber*innen auf die erforderlichen digitalen Kompetenzen von Politikwissenschaftler*innen ermittelt wird. Die abschließende Reflexion argumentiert, dass wissenschaftliche Arbeitstechniken, empirische Forschungsmethoden und computergestützte Datenanalyse, forschendes Lernen und aktivierende Lehrmethoden die curricularen Anknüpfungspunkte bilden, an denen die Entwicklung von Digitalkompetenzen, die in wissenschaftlichen und beruflichen Kontexten relevant sind, ansetzen kann. Dabei sollten vor allem neue Medien als Präsentationsformate sowie digitale Sozial- und Problemlösungskompetenzen im Kontext kollaborativer Gruppenarbeit stärker fokussiert werden.","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Greener, Ian (2022): Welfare States in the 21st Century. The New Five Giants. Confronting Societal Progress 伊恩·格林沃(2022):21世纪的福利国家。新五巨头。面对社会进步
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00504-z
Kai Mosebach
{"title":"Greener, Ian (2022): Welfare States in the 21st Century. The New Five Giants. Confronting Societal Progress","authors":"Kai Mosebach","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00504-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00504-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Representation of Local Interests and the Renomination of Party List Members in the German Bundestag 地方利益的代表和德国联邦议院党内名单成员的重新提名
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00503-0
Jochen Rehmert
{"title":"Representation of Local Interests and the Renomination of Party List Members in the German Bundestag","authors":"Jochen Rehmert","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00503-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00503-0","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Wie bewerten Parteidelegierte das Vertreten lokaler Interessen von ihren Abgeordneten, die über geschlossene Listen gewählt worden sind? Die bisherige Forschung erwartet klare Unterschiede im Verhalten von Abgeordneten in Mischwahlsystemen, die direkt und solchen, die über (geschlossene) Parteilisten gewählt werden. Doch wie ausschlaggebend ist die Vertretung lokaler Interessen für die Delegierten selbst? Dieser Beitrag will zeigen, dass Parteidelegierte – auch von Parteien die hauptsächlich Listenmandate erringen – auch von ihren Listenabgeordneten das Vertreten lokaler Interessen bevorzugen. Mithilfe eines Conjoint-Experiments mit 560 Delegierten fünf deutscher Bundestagsparteien, die ihre Kandidierenden über Delegiertenversammlungen aufstellen, wird gezeigt, dass Delegierte aller Parteien Listenabgeordnete bevorzugen, die die Interessen des eigenen Kreisverbandes vertreten. Während der Herkunftsort der Delegierten keinen Einfluss auf diese Präferenz hat, gibt es Unterschiede zwischen den Parteien in wie wichtig das Vertreten lokaler Interessen für die Entscheidungsfindung der Delegierten ist verglichen mit anderen Faktoren. Die Befunde dieser Studie haben Implikationen für die Untersuchungen politischen Verhaltens für Abgeordnete.","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Das Entstehen alternativer soziotechnischer Vorstellungen im argentinischen Agrarsektor: Lehren für Demokratie und Nachhaltigkeit 在阿根廷的农业部门中,另一个社会技术理念正在形成:民主和可持续性教义
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00502-1
Melisa Deciancio, Karen M. Siegel
{"title":"Das Entstehen alternativer soziotechnischer Vorstellungen im argentinischen Agrarsektor: Lehren für Demokratie und Nachhaltigkeit","authors":"Melisa Deciancio, Karen M. Siegel","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00502-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00502-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The question of how various actors envision sustainability transitions and which visions are translated into policy agendas is an important aspect of the sustainability–democracy debate. Applying Jasanoff’s concept of sociotechnical imaginaries, this paper examines how three alternative imaginaries of agricultural production—agroecology, organic production, and biodevelopment—have emerged in Argentina, as well as how they have established themselves economically and politically despite the dominance of the well-established soybean imaginary. Argentina’s return to democracy in 1983 was crucial for the emergence of alternative imaginaries because it enabled a new kind of relationship between the state and civil society that opened participation channels for alternative visions. Reflecting patterns that are also relevant to other South American countries, our analysis of the Argentinean case draws attention to the role inequality plays at different levels and its importance as an area for further research on the democracy–sustainability nexus.","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136098487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Anti-immigration Attitudes and Preferences for the AfD Using Implicit Attitudes Measures 用隐式态度测量方法重新考虑反移民态度与德国新选择党偏好之间的关系
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00500-3
Manuel Kleinert
{"title":"Reconsidering the Relationship Between Anti-immigration Attitudes and Preferences for the AfD Using Implicit Attitudes Measures","authors":"Manuel Kleinert","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00500-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00500-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study of demand-side factors for the success of radical right-wing populist parties has highlighted anti-immigration attitudes (AIA) as a particularly important predictor. However, these findings have relied heavily on direct self-report measures. This preregistered study theorises that direct measures may have underestimated, through social desirability bias, or overestimated, through cognitive dissonance avoidance, the relationship between AIA and support for the German radical right-wing party Alternative for Germany (AfD). A direct questionnaire and two Single-Category Implicit Association Tests were administered to a stratified sample of the German population ( N = 369) to measure both explicit and implicit preferences for the AfD and AIA. Results reveal that the firm relationship between AIA and AfD voting intentions is strongest in an all-explicit setting, reduced in mixed analyses, and eliminated in the all-implicit model. This provides evidence that the need for respondents to report consistent ideologies may be a more serious threat to valid results in political attitudes research than is generally assumed. Social desirability seems to be less of an issue when assessing the strength of the correlation between right-wing attitudes and AfD preferences. Thorough robustness checks confirmed the reliability of these findings.","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frick, Verena, und Oliver W. Lembcke (Hrsg.) (2022): Herman Hellers demokratischer Konstitutionalismus 弗里克,韦莱纳及奥利佛·w·勒博合著(撰写):赫曼·海勒的民主立宪
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00492-0
Hubertus Buchstein
{"title":"Frick, Verena, und Oliver W. Lembcke (Hrsg.) (2022): Herman Hellers demokratischer Konstitutionalismus","authors":"Hubertus Buchstein","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00492-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00492-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nitz, Stephan (2022): Theorien des Friedens und des Krieges. Kommentierte Bibliographie zur Theoriegeschichte. Band II: 1830–1890 国家和平与战争的理论参考文献和伟大历史第二卷1830
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00491-1
Egbert Jahn
{"title":"Nitz, Stephan (2022): Theorien des Friedens und des Krieges. Kommentierte Bibliographie zur Theoriegeschichte. Band II: 1830–1890","authors":"Egbert Jahn","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00491-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00491-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"362 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impeachment as Last Resort to Safeguard Democracy? Removing the Head of Government in Different Institutional Settings 弹劾是捍卫民主的最后手段?不同制度背景下的政府首脑免职
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00488-w
Mahir Tokatlı
{"title":"Impeachment as Last Resort to Safeguard Democracy? Removing the Head of Government in Different Institutional Settings","authors":"Mahir Tokatlı","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00488-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00488-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Democracy would essentially fail if, despite an electoral defeat, the government refused to concede office. This possibility is a constant uncertainty that democracy has to deal with, which makes it fragile in terms of its survival. This was on full display after the 2020 U.S. presidential election, including the resulting denials by then President Trump and his followers and their attempts to have the results overturned, with the dramatic conflict culminating in the storming of the Capitol. Trust, but also mistrust, is constitutive for democratic regimes: Trust makes democracies exist, and mistrust makes them survive. Recent studies have pointed out that institutionalized mistrust has long been ignored as relevant for democracies; however, there is little if any research attention given to the most pivotal tool in terms of institutionalized mistrust, namely the vote of no confidence or the early removal of the head of government from office. In parliamentary systems, parliament can remove the head of government for political reasons, whereas presidentialism lacks this option, although impeachment provides a way of removal on legal grounds. This article aims to prompt further reflection in comparative government on how these tools of institutionalized mistrust are defined in the context of different institutional settings and what potential risks they entail. Do the principles of trust and mistrust actually differ between the various governmental systems? Finally, does impeachment strengthen democratic principles, or is it pathological in a sense that it might even foster autocratization?","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Occasional Democratisation of Party Leadership Selection: A Mechanism-Centred Approach 党的领导层选择的偶然性民主化:一个以机制为中心的方法
4区 社会学
Politische Vierteljahresschrift Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-023-00487-x
Anne Küppers
{"title":"The Occasional Democratisation of Party Leadership Selection: A Mechanism-Centred Approach","authors":"Anne Küppers","doi":"10.1007/s11615-023-00487-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00487-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Membership ballots have gained increasing popularity for party leadership selection around the globe. Still, our understanding of why parties use primaries is limited. This is due to two shortcomings of existing research: First, previous research has failed to satisfactorily operationalise subjective concepts such as electoral defeat. Second, quantitative studies cannot account for causal complexity. Thus, to uncover the puzzle of why parties use party primaries, this article pursues a novel approach. I offer new insights by using theory-testing process tracing to uncover the complex causal mechanisms that explain the use of membership ballots, taking Germany as an example. In the four cases studied, I find that it is a combination of an electoral shock, internal conflict, and instrumental motives that explain the decision to hold a primary for party leadership selection.","PeriodicalId":45529,"journal":{"name":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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