Anthropological Forum最新文献

{"title":"Politics of Shared Humanity: On Hospitality, Equality and the Spiritual in Rural Gambia.","authors":"Tone Sommerfelt","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2024.2358243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00664677.2024.2358243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In rural communities on the north bank of River Gambia, religious 'visitations' or pilgrimage ceremonies (<i>siyaare</i>) are becoming increasingly popular. These ceremonies have been described as a hallmark of Senegalese urban Sufism but are currently organised across the countryside and communicated in wide personal networks and through social media to attract guests and strangers from near and far. The sensibilities articulated in preparations for <i>siyaare</i> ceremonies promote inclusiveness, hospitality and the bridging of difference. Organisers appeal to the 'oneness' of humankind, to be achieved in <i>siyaree</i> by transcending differences between people and between humans and the spiritual realm, through communal prayers that enhance the circulation of God-given blessing. This article takes debates among Wolof speakers in rural Gambia over such Muslim religious ceremonies as the starting point to explore how attention to 'network' can illuminate various appeals to 'shared humanity'. Appeals to human unity feature divergent, or in part competing values and virtues, and bring particular social forms and worlds into being. These, I will show, are articulated as modes of consumption, but also moral living, including forms of modesty and preferences for rural lifestyles and futures, and convey generational differences. The article questions what 'politics' of shared humanity encompasses, and argues for a gaze beyond dyadic relationships and interpersonal networks, and a perspective on <i>what</i> goes into, as well as <i>who</i> takes part in, world-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"34 1","pages":"52-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multiple Roles of Socio-Anthropological Expert Evidence in Indigenous Land Claims: The Xukuru People Case","authors":"Mariana Monteiro de Matos","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2288531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2288531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"118 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pastors, Preaching and Parking Lot Conversations: Clergy’s Tactics of LGBTQ+ Inclusion in Mainline Protestant Churches","authors":"Benjamin Hollenbach","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2288536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2288536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropology in Australian Indigenous Legal Cases: What I've Learned from the Law and What Lawyers Have Learned from Me","authors":"David S. Trigger","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2278402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2278402","url":null,"abstract":"Reflecting on several decades of my applied research, expert witness roles and a forensic methodology, this article addresses the application of anthropological studies in Australian legal cases concerned with various aspects of Indigenous customary law. In the context of traditional land claims, cultural heritage assessments and native title, both the achievements and challenges for anthropological inquiries are canvassed. Against arguments from some academics that applied work is intellectually inferior and politically compromised, the article reports my experiences in an arena of complex and enriching social science inquiry. The article engages with Indigenous land aspirations in a settler society while considering the implications of cultural change and adaptation, strategies of recuperation of customary knowledge, and the robustness required for successful anthropological studies of this kind.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"133 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environments and Socialities in Oceania – Changing Ideas and Practices","authors":"Desirée Hetzel, Arno Pascht","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2271675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2271675","url":null,"abstract":"This Introduction provides an overview of the topics and discussions addressed in the Special Issue ‘Environments and Socialities in Oceania'. It focuses on the phenomenon that people in Oceania engage in new globalised or transnational environmental and social challenges through dialogue and interaction with various global and local actors, both human and other-than-human, who offer various (new) ideas and practices. We present two linked perspectives of looking at this: Firstly, it becomes crucial to concentrate on the fundamental assumptions of individuals in Oceania when dealing with changes. Secondly, ethnographic research should consider “encounters across difference” (Tsing 2005). In these encounters between actors in different settings, 'environmental' and 'social' become of great importance in different context-specific interpretations and forms. While they can be accompanied by disagreements, they also create dialogues and collaborations, and people develop novel concepts and methods. With an ethnographic description of the authors' research on climate change in Vanuatu, alongside the contributions to different forms of encounters in the Anthropocene, this Special Issue highlights the innovative and creative abilities of people living in Oceania.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"133 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magic, Self and (World) Society: Groundwork for an Existential and Cosmopolitan Anthropology","authors":"Huon Wardle","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2272053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2272053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTHuman beings can be found everywhere (Piette) and the true subject of anthropology is anyone (Rapport). What do we need to do to our epistemology and practice to reframe anthropology in existential and cosmopolitan terms? This paper explores processes of cosmology- and society-making through an existential and cosmopolitan epistemology and axiology. We can reenlist classic anthropological discussions on magic to understand how subjects generate a Society into which they insert themselves as creative agents. Magical practice shows how Society is uniquely biographical and personal, and that subjectivity is an irreducible and ‘in-additive’ source of social and cosmological structure. Cosmopolitan anthropology describes, then, encounters of ‘non-interchangeable’ (Kneubuhler) biographical selves meeting in and constructing world-space; different selves on diverse cosmopolitanizing trajectories engage in divergent biographical worldmaking practices. In this light, cosmopolitan anthropology takes the form of analytic biography, tracing and retracing these unfoldings of self-orienting structure. Two radically distinct examples of subject-oriented cosmology-making are enlisted: Rastafari I-Yaric and Arrernte tjurunga knowledge. Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 I met Mauritz on a streetside in Kingston, Jamaica, in June 2019.2 For the purposes of these notes I have capitalized Society to underline that I am not using this term in its sociological sense as a social, hence objective, fact, but in an existential-‘Simmelian’ one as a subjective reification.3 The idea that the social field ‘affords’ potentials to its different subjects adapts Gibson (Citation1986) without taking on the entire Gibsonian epistemology.4 British Prime Minister, Theresa May used it in a speech to her political party in 2016: ‘But if you believe you’re a citizen of the world, you’re a citizen of nowhere. You don’t understand what the very word “citizenship” means’. Unwittingly, May adverts to the centrality of imagination and wish fulfilment in the construction of Society and citizenship.5 In many groups reincarnation seemed to follow clear lines of inheritance from the parents with the spirit child choosing a father or mother who was of a like totem. In some groups the spirit children reincarnated as males on some occasions, females on others, taking up their place in the symmetrical tribal inter-generational marriage sections proportionately.6 ‘Piaget on Piaget: The Epistemology of Jean Piaget’: 1977, Yale University.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135935498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perils of Being a Pastor: Then and Now","authors":"David W. Haines","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2256482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2256482","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAs early Christian writings emphasise, pastors are crucial to maintaining Christian communities and in serious practical and spiritual jeopardy if they fail to do so. They are held to unachievable standards of personal morality and religious practice. So why would anyone choose such a vocation and how could they survive it? The answers to those questions provide a useful way to investigate the widely acknowledged gap in anthropology’s study of Christianity. Being so central to Christianity as examples of Christian life and as core custodians for others’ Christian lives, the lived experience of pastors helps anchor the understanding of Christianity in what anthropologists understand best: actual individual human lives. This article takes as a case example the well-documented life of an ordinary US mainline Protestant pastor who lived through most of the twentieth century. At the intersection of dogma and pastoral practice, his life illuminates the pivotal pastoral role of maintaining congregations in their personal and spiritual lives, and in the connection between the two. The specific examples from this particular pastor’s life include the struggle against polio, a young man trying to escape gang life, unexpected death in war, and the inevitability of death for everybody. The examples underline the importance of the pastor’s assessment of congregants as both people in the mundane world and souls in the spiritual one.KEYWORDS: PastorProtestantismreligionNorth America Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The material in this paragraph comes from Box 4 of the papers of Howard and Grace Haines, a collection of twenty-eight boxes of materials, organised by the author and now at the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The collection includes a more-or-less complete set of his sermons; extensive notes on the liturgy used for services each week; datebooks that are often rather dry but occasionally expand into reflective writing; very extensive correspondence of both Howard and Grace; several series of newspaper columns during major moves in his life (an extended trip to Europe, being a chaplain in the military, moving to a pastorate in Japan); frequent travel diaries; and more of his working papers. Although the case material in this article deals with largely middle-class congregations, it is also worth noting that his experience was rather broad as he moved through urban and small-town America in the North and the South, and then abroad in Japan, including both middle- and working-class communities. Importantly, the core commitments within his habitus—of evangelicalism, ecumenicism, and social justice—were multiple, conflicting at times, and required periodic rebalancing as he moved through that range of pastorates. Note again that I have generally restricted myself to the documents in the archive although, as a son, my own memories sometimes serve as corroboratio","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"44 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Witness Statements as Cross-Cultural (mis)Communication? Evidence from Blue Mud Bay","authors":"Frances Morphy, Howard Morphy","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2271673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2271673","url":null,"abstract":"Translation, broadly defined as the articulation of the relationship between different cultural, social and legal systems, is at the heart of the anthropologist’s or linguist’s role as an expert witness in a native title hearing. It occurs at the level of individual lexemes, in categorising cultural concepts, and in the frame of the legal context. We exemplify the interrelationships between these by focussing on the quasi-legal use of the English word ‘permission’, a key concept in native title and land claim discourse. In the Blue Mud Bay case, Yolngu Matha was the first language of the witnesses, and there is no straightforward translation for this use of ‘permission’ in Yolngu Matha. As the ‘experts’ we needed to anticipate how Yolngu would understand the concept and its relevance to the court case. We first summarise our exploration of ‘permission’ with the claimants and show how a cross-cultural understanding of the ‘legal’ English concept emerged. We then focus on one of the court’s main artefacts of translation—the witness statement—which must be produced or be translated into English. In our experience the witness statement is a product of a dialogical process involving the close collaboration of applicant (witness), counsel and expert. We reflect on the complexity of this process and how it operated in the Blue Mud Bay case. We conclude that translation is both possible and necessary in the conduct of native title cases. But it is not straightforward, nor should it be an unexamined process.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaged Social Anthropology and Indigenous Land Claims in Malaysia","authors":"Rusaslina Idrus","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2257898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2257898","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe use of litigation has become an important strategy for customary land claims for the Orang Asli, the aboriginal people of Peninsular Malaysia. Increasing displacement from their customary territories, and having exhausted other official avenues, the Orang Asli are resorting to legal measures to protect their rights. Several landmark cases in the Malaysian courts favouring Orang Asli rights have given the Indigenous People hope in the legal system. However, lawsuits are risky, require an enormous amount of time and resources, and take a toll on the communities and others involved in the process. Relying on the court process risks reifying state power, reinscribing unequal power dynamics, and reinforcing essentialised notions of indigenous ‘culture’ and ‘tradition’. In this article, I draw upon my long-term research on Orang Asli activism and my experience serving as an expert witness in several Orang Asli customary land claims to discuss the limits and possibilities of social anthropological knowledge in the legal arena. Focusing on the Malaysian context, I reflect upon the challenges of speaking across different fields, translating social anthropological research into a form legible to the legal process, and the dilemma of being complicit in reifying hierarchies of knowledge. I consider how social anthropologists in their cultural expertise role might use the legal space to centre Indigenous knowledge, and challenge the more static understanding of indigenous culture and tradition.KEYWORDS: Expert witnesscultural expertisecultural translationcustomary land claimscustomary territory AcknowledgementsI extend my sincere thanks to Dr. James Rose, Dr. Miriam Shakow, Dr. Yogeswaran Subramaniam, Mr. Hon Kai Ping and Mr. Saha Deva A. Arunasalam for their expertise and valuable comments. I am grateful to the anonymous reviewers and the journal editors for their insightful feedback, which significantly improved this article. My appreciation also goes to the legal counsels, judicial authorities, and the Bar Council Committee on Orang Asli Rights. I am indebted to the Orang Asli villagers who generously shared their time, space, and insights, and to whom I am grateful for their kind hospitality throughout my inquiries. Thank you to the Gender Studies Programme and the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Universiti Malaya for their institutional support that made this work possible.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Sagong bin Tasi & Ors v. Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Ors [2002] 2 MLJ 591.2 The 2018 election saw a change in government for the first time since Malaysia’s independence in 1957.3 Some examples, Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Hal Ehwal Ehwal Orang Asli & Anor v Mohamad Bin Nohing (Batin Kampung Bukit Rok) & Ors and another appeal [2015] 6 MLJ 527 (Court of Appeal, Malaysia), Yebet bt Saman & Ors v Foong Kwai Long & Ors [2015] 2 MLJ 498 (Court of Appeal, Malaysia), Eddy Salim & Ors v Isk","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Cultural Difference in Indigenous Copyright Cases","authors":"Riccardo Mazzola","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2264519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2264519","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article presents and discusses two different ways through which the Ganalbingu people (Australia) addressed cultural differences in the normative conceptualisation of artworks in a judicial setting. The analysis focuses on linguistic conduct held by the plaintiffs, their representatives, and expert witnesses in two cases discussed before the Australian Federal Court (Northern Territory): Bulun Bulun v Nejlam Pty Ltd (1989) and Bulun Bulun v R & T Textiles Pty Ltd (1998). In both cases, Ganalbingu artist Johnny Bulun Bulun lamented a violation of his copyright in two paintings. This article mostly relies on affidavits and judicial documentation, and aims to show and attempts to explain the existence of two opposed tendencies in the judicial narrative on copyright law: namely, an enforced (attempt to) assimilation of Ganalbingu culture to the Western legal categories of (intellectual) property and copyright law, however simultaneously 'insisting on difference', that is emphasising the fundamental distinctions between Ganalbingu and Western normative conception of artworks. The article particularly enlightens the impact on the Ganalbingu judicial narrative of anthropological accounts rendered through affidavits, especially in one of the two cases in which Bulun Bulun was involved. After investigating the nature and function of those accounts, it concludes that several factors can explain the seemingly ambivalent nature of Ganalbingu linguistic conduct, ranging from a ‘spurious’ nature of misappropriated artworks to forms of resistance to an unbalance of power potentially leading to unwanted colonisation.KEYWORDS: Traditional cultural expressionsintellectual propertycopyrightinterlegalityYolngu people Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 ‘Indigenous’ (and ‘Indigenous Australians’) is used here with the awareness of the existing debate on the appropriateness of this word to designate a wide variety of peoples and cultures around the world, but with no intention to comment on the said debate. Occasionally, the judicial documents quoted in this article refer to Indigenous Australians as ‘Aboriginal people’ and ‘Aborigines’.2 The same approach characterised former works of the author on the same topic (Mazzola Citation2018, 115–134; Citation2020). Some of those works quoted excerpts of affidavits also reported in this article. However, the present study offers a deeper analysis of the two cases in which Bulun Bulun was involved and additional materials. The main sources for the judicial documentation reproduced in this article are Colin Golvan’s website (section ‘Indigenous documents’) and the Indigenous Law Resources database of the Indigenous Law Centre (UNSW) and AustLII.3 Specifically: Colin Golvan (in 2016), Martin Hardie (in 2019), Frances and Howard Morphy (in 2016 and 2019).4 After the agreement, Milpurrurru continued the lawsuit lamenting that R & T Textiles’ conduct violated Gan","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}