Anthropological Forum最新文献

{"title":"Politics of Shared Humanity: On Hospitality, Equality and the Spiritual in Rural Gambia.","authors":"Tone Sommerfelt","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2024.2358243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00664677.2024.2358243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In rural communities on the north bank of River Gambia, religious 'visitations' or pilgrimage ceremonies (<i>siyaare</i>) are becoming increasingly popular. These ceremonies have been described as a hallmark of Senegalese urban Sufism but are currently organised across the countryside and communicated in wide personal networks and through social media to attract guests and strangers from near and far. The sensibilities articulated in preparations for <i>siyaare</i> ceremonies promote inclusiveness, hospitality and the bridging of difference. Organisers appeal to the 'oneness' of humankind, to be achieved in <i>siyaree</i> by transcending differences between people and between humans and the spiritual realm, through communal prayers that enhance the circulation of God-given blessing. This article takes debates among Wolof speakers in rural Gambia over such Muslim religious ceremonies as the starting point to explore how attention to 'network' can illuminate various appeals to 'shared humanity'. Appeals to human unity feature divergent, or in part competing values and virtues, and bring particular social forms and worlds into being. These, I will show, are articulated as modes of consumption, but also moral living, including forms of modesty and preferences for rural lifestyles and futures, and convey generational differences. The article questions what 'politics' of shared humanity encompasses, and argues for a gaze beyond dyadic relationships and interpersonal networks, and a perspective on <i>what</i> goes into, as well as <i>who</i> takes part in, world-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"34 1","pages":"52-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article 1F and Anthropological Evidence: A Fine Line Between Justice and Injustice?","authors":"John R. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2298767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2298767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":" 83","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multiple Roles of Socio-Anthropological Expert Evidence in Indigenous Land Claims: The Xukuru People Case","authors":"Mariana Monteiro de Matos","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2288531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2288531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"118 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pastors, Preaching and Parking Lot Conversations: Clergy’s Tactics of LGBTQ+ Inclusion in Mainline Protestant Churches","authors":"Benjamin Hollenbach","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2288536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2288536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropology in Australian Indigenous Legal Cases: What I've Learned from the Law and What Lawyers Have Learned from Me","authors":"David S. Trigger","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2278402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2278402","url":null,"abstract":"Reflecting on several decades of my applied research, expert witness roles and a forensic methodology, this article addresses the application of anthropological studies in Australian legal cases concerned with various aspects of Indigenous customary law. In the context of traditional land claims, cultural heritage assessments and native title, both the achievements and challenges for anthropological inquiries are canvassed. Against arguments from some academics that applied work is intellectually inferior and politically compromised, the article reports my experiences in an arena of complex and enriching social science inquiry. The article engages with Indigenous land aspirations in a settler society while considering the implications of cultural change and adaptation, strategies of recuperation of customary knowledge, and the robustness required for successful anthropological studies of this kind.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"133 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environments and Socialities in Oceania – Changing Ideas and Practices","authors":"Desirée Hetzel, Arno Pascht","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2271675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2271675","url":null,"abstract":"This Introduction provides an overview of the topics and discussions addressed in the Special Issue ‘Environments and Socialities in Oceania'. It focuses on the phenomenon that people in Oceania engage in new globalised or transnational environmental and social challenges through dialogue and interaction with various global and local actors, both human and other-than-human, who offer various (new) ideas and practices. We present two linked perspectives of looking at this: Firstly, it becomes crucial to concentrate on the fundamental assumptions of individuals in Oceania when dealing with changes. Secondly, ethnographic research should consider “encounters across difference” (Tsing 2005). In these encounters between actors in different settings, 'environmental' and 'social' become of great importance in different context-specific interpretations and forms. While they can be accompanied by disagreements, they also create dialogues and collaborations, and people develop novel concepts and methods. With an ethnographic description of the authors' research on climate change in Vanuatu, alongside the contributions to different forms of encounters in the Anthropocene, this Special Issue highlights the innovative and creative abilities of people living in Oceania.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"133 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing Anthropological Expertise: Community Support and Legal Partnership in Transgender Cases","authors":"ChorSwang Ngin, Joann Yeh, Luz Borjon","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2272580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2272580","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAnthropologists working with marginalised populations in need of legal representation have faced challenges spanning epistemological, methodological and ethical questions. In the provision of evidence to legal-administrative processes, how do we overcome some of the obstacles in solving these problems? In this paper, we discuss our experience working through the case of a transgender asylum seeker from Mexico in the United States and the case of socio-cultural and legal concerns of a transgender youth in Los Angeles. The three partners in this paper are a socio-cultural anthropologist (Ngin), an immigration lawyer in Los Angeles (Yeh) and a community professional who works extensively with undocumented college students (Borjon). In Ngin’s preparation of the cultural argument for the asylum case of the transgender person, it was Borjon’s network of community contacts that provided the additional evidence for the case. As the case was delayed in the legal process, Attorney Yeh’s legal insight explains the best course of action for the petitioner. In the second case of the young transgender youth, we discussed the precarity of the youth’s situation and the possibility of socio-legal protection. In our analysis of these two cases, we discussed how we arrived at legally sound concepts with evidence supported by anthropological analytical methods while ensuring transparency of the provenance of evidence to meet ethical principles. Through these consultations in the construction of anthropological expertise, we also hope to decolonise expertise.KEYWORDS: TransgenderMichoacáncultural expertiseknowledge constructionUSA Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Good (Citation2007).2 Campbell (Citation2013).3 Ngin (Citation2018).4 Rodriguez (Citation2020).5 Annals of Anthropological Practice. (Citation2022), 44–115.6 Holden (Citation2020), pp. 25–277 Rose (Citation2022).8 One of the gay cases from China is in Ngin (Citation2023)9 Ngin (Citation2018).10 Ngin, Borjon, and Yeh (Citation2017).11 Wayne, Adena L. (Citation2016)12 Matter of Acosta, 19 I&N Dec. 211 at 233 (emphasis added).13 See Matter of C-A-23, I&N Dec. 951; Matter of M-E-V-G, 26 I&N Dec. 227; and Matter of W-G-R, 26 I&N Dec. 208.14 World Health Organization. (Citation2008).15 Diehl et al. (Citation2017 Aug).16 Renteln (Citation2004).17 See Holden’s discussion in Holden (Citation2021).18 Ngin had considered recommending CGRS at UC Hastings Law School and the Cornell Law Transgender Clinic, two non-profits with expertise on transgender cases, but were mindful that Zee was Attorney RC’s paying client.19 Norma and Libby are both pseudonyms.20 Press Release, Substance Abuse & Mental Health Servs. Admin., U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs. (Citation2022). HHS Announces $ 40.22 Million in Youth Mental Health Grants Awarded in August Plus 47.6 Million in New Grant Funding Opportunities for School-Based Mental Health Program, available at https://","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":" 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magic, Self and (World) Society: Groundwork for an Existential and Cosmopolitan Anthropology","authors":"Huon Wardle","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2272053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2272053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTHuman beings can be found everywhere (Piette) and the true subject of anthropology is anyone (Rapport). What do we need to do to our epistemology and practice to reframe anthropology in existential and cosmopolitan terms? This paper explores processes of cosmology- and society-making through an existential and cosmopolitan epistemology and axiology. We can reenlist classic anthropological discussions on magic to understand how subjects generate a Society into which they insert themselves as creative agents. Magical practice shows how Society is uniquely biographical and personal, and that subjectivity is an irreducible and ‘in-additive’ source of social and cosmological structure. Cosmopolitan anthropology describes, then, encounters of ‘non-interchangeable’ (Kneubuhler) biographical selves meeting in and constructing world-space; different selves on diverse cosmopolitanizing trajectories engage in divergent biographical worldmaking practices. In this light, cosmopolitan anthropology takes the form of analytic biography, tracing and retracing these unfoldings of self-orienting structure. Two radically distinct examples of subject-oriented cosmology-making are enlisted: Rastafari I-Yaric and Arrernte tjurunga knowledge. Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 I met Mauritz on a streetside in Kingston, Jamaica, in June 2019.2 For the purposes of these notes I have capitalized Society to underline that I am not using this term in its sociological sense as a social, hence objective, fact, but in an existential-‘Simmelian’ one as a subjective reification.3 The idea that the social field ‘affords’ potentials to its different subjects adapts Gibson (Citation1986) without taking on the entire Gibsonian epistemology.4 British Prime Minister, Theresa May used it in a speech to her political party in 2016: ‘But if you believe you’re a citizen of the world, you’re a citizen of nowhere. You don’t understand what the very word “citizenship” means’. Unwittingly, May adverts to the centrality of imagination and wish fulfilment in the construction of Society and citizenship.5 In many groups reincarnation seemed to follow clear lines of inheritance from the parents with the spirit child choosing a father or mother who was of a like totem. In some groups the spirit children reincarnated as males on some occasions, females on others, taking up their place in the symmetrical tribal inter-generational marriage sections proportionately.6 ‘Piaget on Piaget: The Epistemology of Jean Piaget’: 1977, Yale University.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135935498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perils of Being a Pastor: Then and Now","authors":"David W. Haines","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2256482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2256482","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAs early Christian writings emphasise, pastors are crucial to maintaining Christian communities and in serious practical and spiritual jeopardy if they fail to do so. They are held to unachievable standards of personal morality and religious practice. So why would anyone choose such a vocation and how could they survive it? The answers to those questions provide a useful way to investigate the widely acknowledged gap in anthropology’s study of Christianity. Being so central to Christianity as examples of Christian life and as core custodians for others’ Christian lives, the lived experience of pastors helps anchor the understanding of Christianity in what anthropologists understand best: actual individual human lives. This article takes as a case example the well-documented life of an ordinary US mainline Protestant pastor who lived through most of the twentieth century. At the intersection of dogma and pastoral practice, his life illuminates the pivotal pastoral role of maintaining congregations in their personal and spiritual lives, and in the connection between the two. The specific examples from this particular pastor’s life include the struggle against polio, a young man trying to escape gang life, unexpected death in war, and the inevitability of death for everybody. The examples underline the importance of the pastor’s assessment of congregants as both people in the mundane world and souls in the spiritual one.KEYWORDS: PastorProtestantismreligionNorth America Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The material in this paragraph comes from Box 4 of the papers of Howard and Grace Haines, a collection of twenty-eight boxes of materials, organised by the author and now at the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The collection includes a more-or-less complete set of his sermons; extensive notes on the liturgy used for services each week; datebooks that are often rather dry but occasionally expand into reflective writing; very extensive correspondence of both Howard and Grace; several series of newspaper columns during major moves in his life (an extended trip to Europe, being a chaplain in the military, moving to a pastorate in Japan); frequent travel diaries; and more of his working papers. Although the case material in this article deals with largely middle-class congregations, it is also worth noting that his experience was rather broad as he moved through urban and small-town America in the North and the South, and then abroad in Japan, including both middle- and working-class communities. Importantly, the core commitments within his habitus—of evangelicalism, ecumenicism, and social justice—were multiple, conflicting at times, and required periodic rebalancing as he moved through that range of pastorates. Note again that I have generally restricted myself to the documents in the archive although, as a son, my own memories sometimes serve as corroboratio","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"44 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Witness Statements as Cross-Cultural (mis)Communication? Evidence from Blue Mud Bay","authors":"Frances Morphy, Howard Morphy","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2023.2271673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2023.2271673","url":null,"abstract":"Translation, broadly defined as the articulation of the relationship between different cultural, social and legal systems, is at the heart of the anthropologist’s or linguist’s role as an expert witness in a native title hearing. It occurs at the level of individual lexemes, in categorising cultural concepts, and in the frame of the legal context. We exemplify the interrelationships between these by focussing on the quasi-legal use of the English word ‘permission’, a key concept in native title and land claim discourse. In the Blue Mud Bay case, Yolngu Matha was the first language of the witnesses, and there is no straightforward translation for this use of ‘permission’ in Yolngu Matha. As the ‘experts’ we needed to anticipate how Yolngu would understand the concept and its relevance to the court case. We first summarise our exploration of ‘permission’ with the claimants and show how a cross-cultural understanding of the ‘legal’ English concept emerged. We then focus on one of the court’s main artefacts of translation—the witness statement—which must be produced or be translated into English. In our experience the witness statement is a product of a dialogical process involving the close collaboration of applicant (witness), counsel and expert. We reflect on the complexity of this process and how it operated in the Blue Mud Bay case. We conclude that translation is both possible and necessary in the conduct of native title cases. But it is not straightforward, nor should it be an unexamined process.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}