{"title":"Three ways of representing Art and Geology in Charles III reign: Vesuvius, Gualgayoc mine and Posillipo’s grotto","authors":"Rita Borderías Tejada","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/002","url":null,"abstract":"During the reign of Charles III, the search for information about the different places in his kingdom was constant. The compilation of images culminated, on many occasions, in the commission of artistic objects that were not only limited to the decoration of rooms, but also had the function of transmitting information to their observers. This occurred within the spirit of the Enlightenment, so this information was, in many cases, not easily available the observers. Sometimes the artists in charge of their representation would not have first-hand access to these natural phenomena or landscapes, so they would have to make use of images made by others in order to carry out their commissions. This is the case of the paintings Vista de la erupción del Vesubio by A. Carnicero, Quadro de Historia Civil y Geográfica del Reyno del Perú by J.I. Lequanda and L. Thiebaut and La gruta de Posillipo en Nápoles by the Real Laboratorio de Piedras Duras del Buen Retiro. The three works analyzed in this work, and belonging to Madrid collections, show the interest that geological nature aroused in various artists of the time.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136390340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Art and geology in the Renaissance: Leonardo da Vinci, Alberto Durero and Georgius Agricola","authors":"Jesús Martínez Frías, Jesús Enrique Martínez Martín","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/001","url":null,"abstract":"The Renaissance was a human time period in which culture stood out as a common whole. It was based on a humanistic and integrative cosmovision of mankind in the framework of nature and the universe. This article synthetically describes and analyses the relationships between Art and Geology through three exceptional and illustrative Renaissance figures: Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Dürer and Georgius Agricola. In the first two, making an approach from Art to Geology and in the latter, from Geology to Art. Leonardo is, unquestionably, the quintessential polymath and a pioneer, among other areas of knowledge, in geology and geosciences. His global contributions will be described using his own phrases, writings, drawings and paintings. In the case of Dürer, his famous work, Melancholy I, will be the main focus of study, specifically with reference to the mineralogical hypothesis regarding his enigmatic polyhedron. Thirdly, Agricola will be uncovered through his famous work, “De Re Metallica”. He was a scientist and an engineer, but also a pioneer in geology and mineralogy who used drawings to complement his geoscientific contributions. Finally, this Renaissance thematic connection will be compared to today's world situation. It has been suggested that Digital Age could correspond to a new period similar to the Renaissance, where innovation and creativity merging Art, Science and Technology, would be enhanced and benefited from a context of global communication.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47374245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geology in the setting and landscape of the cinematographic work","authors":"Marc Martínez Parra","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/005","url":null,"abstract":"Cinematography, as the seventh art, uses the unique geological landscape in the setting of its creations. Geology, like everything that is related to its essence, is perceived by the human being through all its senses, reflected in its translation to the cinematographic work in terms of the setting of different scenarios, natural or artificial, where the filmic action unfolds. The various lithologies and their natural weathering form picturesque places, used in cinematography to represent the narrated stories and convey sensations to the viewer. These landscapes and morphologies are associated with the erosion of detrital materials, soft materials, deserts, dry lakes, volcanic rocks, and intrusive rocks or associated with karst modelling and within this landscape in exokarstic and endokarstic forms (caves and pits). All these landscapes, used wisely, provide the films with personality.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48536595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geological concepts in the architectural works of Fernando Menis in Tenerife","authors":"Rosa Robador Boixereu, Alejandro Robador Moreno","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/006","url":null,"abstract":"This work relates the various phenomena that act in the earth’s crust and the geological materials with ways of projecting architecture. To carry out this reflection, the work has been divided into two essays. The first one, theoretical, exposes the relations which exist between geology and architecture. It describes, on one hand, the importance of knowing the mechanical behavior of materials; on the other hand, it refers to the relationship of architecture with its environment and in particular the benefits that can be gained from it; in a final section, the types of geological processes which have had influence in the architecture are presented. The second essay of the paper applies the theories previously announced with the description of some selected projects. Due to its close relationship with the matter and energy of the Earth, the work by architect Fernando Menis has been chosen to perform the analysis. The description is divided into four different projects: Hatching, El Guincho pool, Santísimo Redentor church and Insular Athletics Centre in Tenerife, chosen as representative of each geological phenomenon considered. Finally, one last case study, the MAGMA Congress building is analyzed as a comprehensive example where all the above phenomena are exposed.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136390110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Art and fossils: the illustrators of Lucas Mallada's paleontological Synopsis (1875-1892)","authors":"I. Rábano","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/003","url":null,"abstract":"The Commission for the Geological Map of Spain planned a monumental work in the 19th century, the “Synopsis of the fossil species found in Spain”, in which descriptions of the characteristic fossils of geological periods had to be combined with their illustrations in a paleontographic atlas. The objective was to constitute an auxiliary tool for those people who, without reference books at their reach, could determine in a practical way the Spanish geological formations. This work, which was to be published over several years, was entrusted to the mining engineer Lucas Mallada y Pueyo. The fossil drawings were handled by three artists: Teresa Madasú, José Cebrián and Fernando de los Villares Amor. The work was never completed, but between 1875 and 1892 250 plates of Cambrian to Paleogene fossils were published, most of them (206) drawn by Teresa Madasú, who therefore stands as the pioneer of paleontological illustration in Spain.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49183125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artists in the mines, quarries and saltworks. Land art or earthworks and ecological art","authors":"Octavio Puche Riart, Mariano Ayarzagüena Sanz","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/007","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the 60s of the 20th century, a group of mostly Anglo-Saxon artists began a series of works in a context of social struggle and the beginning of the environmental movement that gave rise to what has been called land art and earthworks. Since then these initiatives have had extensive development. The historical study of these works, their symbolic meaning, their impact on the development of contemporary art and the role played as an engine of development of the territories where such works have been carried out will be the main objective of this work. These artistic works are executed on the territory and remain inextricably linked to it, where man leaves his mark on nature. They are actions that build, destroy or modify the landscape to a greater or lesser extent, since they frequently acquire large dimensions. Since the end of the 20th century, some artistic interventions will be carried out to revalue the landscape of mines, quarries and salt mines, particularly after its closure. It can be said that these works show a certain ephemeral character, depending on the qualities of the geological materials and the climate, being exposed to the direct action of the meteors, and in any case, it is an outdoor art. Ecological or environmental artists will see their initiatives enhanced after the approval of the first protectionist laws in the 70s. These artists work in mines and quarries, mainly from the point of view of landscape and environmental recovery.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136390341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geology and literary fiction","authors":"jorge Ordaz Gargallo","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/004","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the relations between geological sciences and literature of fiction, especially with science-fiction, are reviewed. The consolidation of geology as a scientific specialization in the first half of XIXth century attracted some writers of adventure and fantasy novels who used, among other topics, matters based on geological knowledge. Some of the most representative works in this field, published in the XIXth and XXth centuries, by authors as Jules Verne, Arthur Conan Doyle, Edgar Rice Burroughs, H. P. Lovecraft, Vladimir Obruchev, Arthur C. Clarke, George Gaylord Simpson and Sarah Andrews, are mentioned. Their contributions are divided in sections according to the aspects involved: the hollow Earth and the exploration of its inner part; the lost worlds (superficial, subterranean and extraterrestrial), inhabited by extinct animals; the prehistoric times and its antediluvian fauna; trips to other geological epochs, above all the Mesozoic times of the great dinosaurs; volcanoes, earthquakes and other natural disasters; and mines and mineral deposits. Finally, the geology of certain literary territories and the geologist, men or women, as a main character in fiction are also taken into account.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49506284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lithostratigraphy and structure of the Macael marbles (Betic zone, Spain)","authors":"Willem Arend Zevenhuizen","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/133.2/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/133.2/009","url":null,"abstract":"A complex stack of tectonic imbricates is mapped and studied in the Nevado-Filábride Complex of the Macael-Cóbdar area of the Sierra de los Filabres. The lithostratigraphy and geological structure are unravelled, documenting key outcrops in the heavily quarried area that is famous for its pure white marble. Four principal successive stages of deformation are recognized, based on careful field work. Initial SW-verging folding and thrusting was followed by extensional, top-to-the-NW shearing. Late N-verging folding and thrusting is also prominent. The resulting lithostratigraphic and tectonic subdivision is compared with some of the previous investigations in the area, which span over 6 decades. The findings assert the importance of using detailed local field data and the difficulty to apply a simple stratigraphic or tectonic model for this part of the Betic Zone.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48769664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier González-Posada Elechiguerra, Carlos Paredes Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel Ropero Azañón
{"title":"Ground deformation as a result of the foundation of a new module in the Spanish Antarctic Base Gabriel de Castilla, Deception Island, Antarctica","authors":"Javier González-Posada Elechiguerra, Carlos Paredes Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel Ropero Azañón","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/133.2/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/133.2/004","url":null,"abstract":"Since its inauguration in the 1989/90 campaign, the Spanish Antarctic Base Gabriel de Castilla (BAEGC) has supported an increasing volume of scientific projects, stimulating the expansion of its facilities. The permafrost soil on which they are located is affected by changing thermal and periglacial conditions that disturb its mechanical and physical characteristics. This paper analyzes the foundation behavior of a building (18.5x6.5x2.7 m long – wide – height, around 104 kg in operation supported on 16 posts) through the geomechanical study (stresses and deformations) of the ground during the winter and southern summer seasons, supported by three types of foundations: piles, footings and slabs. These are commonly recommended as support elements in periglacial soils affected by thermal-seasonal variations. The geotechnical properties have been obtained from stress-tests on soil samples collected in the surroundings of the BAEGC, General Marvá Army Engineers Laboratory (INTA). Considering the thermal variations in the tests on frozen and unfrozen samples, the geotechnical column type has been established and extended along the profile of the 2D domain. The stationary stress-strain equations with a constitutive Mohr-Coulomb rupture model have been solved using finite elements in MIDAS GTS-NX, for each season and each foundation, discretizing with a triangular or quadrangular mesh adapted to the 2D domain geometry with the foundation. The numerical results show that, in any tested case, there is no critical ground failure, and the foundation with the smallest displacement (about 0.036 m), both in summer and winter, is the 1.2 m foundation placed at 0.5 m depth on permafrost.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49376662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}