Levant最新文献

{"title":"For god, king and country: cult and territoriality in the Iron Age Levant","authors":"Timothy Hogue","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2122206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2122206","url":null,"abstract":"In the 9th century BC, Levantine polities performatively expressed territoriality by strategically utilizing the spatial discourse of royal monuments. Specifically, Levantine rulers erected complementary monuments in both their core cities and frontier cities to transmit a central praxis and perspective to the periphery. This practice drew on earlier Levantine traditions of using monuments to demarcate ceremonial theatres that functioned as zones for political transformation. Most importantly, these 9th century monuments departed from earlier traditions by distributing the presence of both the king and his patron deity to multiple locations within his claimed territory. They thus created relationships between the denizens of diverse settlements and the king and his deity. By creating a shared political and religious experience, the monuments performatively brought forth concepts of a territorial polity centred on a single king, deity and capital city. This allowed these kings to express sovereignty over entire regions as opposed to collections of individual settlements.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58871210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building biographies of the Cypriot Chalcolithic","authors":"Victor Klinkenberg","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2140975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2140975","url":null,"abstract":"Roundhouses from the Cypriot Chalcolithic display substantial size differences, as well as variety between use phases. This paper employs a biographical approach to map and interpret the diversity and similarities between these buildings. Buildings from two sites in the south-west of Cyprus are examined for evidence of changes throughout their use lives. In addition, the diachronic relationships between buildings are investigated. The results suggest that within a strict normative framework, buildings were actively used for the expression of both cultural identity, and personal or household status. The manner in which this was achieved was specific to the phase of the house, construction, use or abandonment. While variables employed during construction served to articulate wealth or power differences, the mode of abandonment served as the most potent manifestation of enduring status.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43400009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsistence practices in Phoenicia and beyond: faunal investigations at Tell el-Burak, Lebanon (c. 725–350 BCE)","authors":"Shyama Vermeersch, B. Starkovich, Adriano Orsingher, J. Kamlah","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2135869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2135869","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural practices in Iron Age Phoenicia are an understudied field of research. The most recently excavated faunal evidence from Tell el-Burak, a coastal agricultural domain linked to either Sidon or Sarepta, will increase our understanding of this topic. This paper provides the first diachronic and detailed analysis of the Late Iron Age and Persian period faunal data from Tell el-Burak, and investigates the subsistence practices of its people during the late 8th to mid-4th centuries BCE. The diet of its inhabitants mainly consists of caprines, while a high percentage of donkeys and cattle remains coincide with the peak of winemaking activities at the site. The results from Tell el-Burak are then compared with faunal data from other sites in the territory traditionally known as Phoenicia, as well as with faunal data from the neighbouring regions of the Levant. The comparisons show differences between the northern and southern Levant and similarities between southern Phoenicia and the southern Levant.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gerasa’s ‘Nymphaeum’: a reappraisal of its history and function","authors":"David D. Boyer","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2107852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2107852","url":null,"abstract":"The Decapolis town of Gerasa became a sizeable urban centre in the province of Arabia in the 2nd century CE. The study of its monumental fountain, the so-called Nymphaeum, has been neglected despite its excellent state of preservation. This small but imposing late 2nd-century monument functioned as an aesthetic display and public water supply, although public access was restricted to the frontal spouts. This article comprehensively reappraises the evidence, identifying new material and providing a diachronic analysis of the monument’s function and hydraulic operation. It is proposed that the original monument was also designed to supply secondary fountain installations. The later extension of this role to supply the expanded Cardo fountain network, marked a change to a wholly utilitarian function. Later changes included the removal of a previously added wall to the parapet and spout modifications. Subsequent earthquakes severely damaged the monument, and it remained in a ruinous state until cleared in the mid-1920s.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44883145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembling columns: construction process through the masons’ marks from the Macellum of Gerasa (Jerash, Jordan)","authors":"Alexandra Uscatescu","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2023.2165362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2023.2165362","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the so-called masons’ marks found on some architectural elements of the macellum of Gerasa (Jerash, Jordan) is presented; these unpublished archaeological data, recovered from excavations conducted in the 1983−90s at the site, shed light on the day-to-day construction process of the macellum Roman building, dated before mid−2nd century AD.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42966689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remembering Neil Faulkner","authors":"N. Saunders","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2143955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2143955","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46294155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"William Lancaster: anthropologist and ethnographic mentor","authors":"A. Betts","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2145779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2145779","url":null,"abstract":"William Lancaster, in many senses, rewrote the book on interdisciplinary research in the archaeology of nomadic peoples in the Middle East. And not just the Middle East, as his work, together with that of his wife, Fidelity, has resonance across Inner Asia, inspiring and encouraging broader thinking on the nature of pastoral peoples. William’s involvement in Middle Eastern archaeology began early, when Kathleen Kenyon arranged a position for him as a photographer for Peter Parr on his Petra excavations, and later for Diana Kirkbride at Beidha. He enjoyed this introduction to the Middle East, but found himself somewhat more interested in the living populations than those of the dead. To pursue this further, he enrolled as a language student at the Middle East Centre for Arabic Studies in Lebanon. His practical studies took him across the Middle East, engaging with a variety of different communities and reading histories and travellers’ accounts of the region in earlier times. After he returned to England, he followed up his interests further by enrolling for a degree in Archaeology and Anthropology at Cambridge. In 1972, William, Fidelity and their children came to Jordan, and for the next eight years lived for protracted periods of time with the Rwala Bedouin in north-eastern Jordan and at the northern end of the Nefudh in Saudi Arabia, drawing on Burckhardt’s (1831) and Musil’s (1928) works as background, but with the aim of understanding the subtleties and complexities of the living population. In preparation for this work, William went to study for a short time under Frederik Barth at the University of Bergen. The insights he gained from Barth were deeply influential on the Lancasters’ subsequent work with the Rwala (Lancaster 2022). The volume arising from this work, The Rwala Bedouin Today (Lancaster 1981), is regarded as a landmark study in the field. In the 1980s William taught anthropology for a year at Yarmouk University and became involved with several of the British archaeological field projects active at the time. In 1991, following the first Gulf War, and a difficult time for Jordan, he took on the Directorship of the British Institute at Amman for Archaeology and History (BIAAH), now the Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL), a position he held until 1994. William brought to the job a close relationship with the Jordanian Royal Family, particularly HRH Prince Hassan. He also strengthened ties with the British Embassy, obtaining sub-diplomatic status for the CBRL and welcome access to the Embassy Commissary. Through his deep involvement with the","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and sex determination of fingerprints on ceramic objects from the Late Bronze Age Palace at Tel Beth-Shemesh, Israel","authors":"K. Fowler, Jon Ross, Christian Barritt-Cleary, Zvi Lederman, Shlomo Bunimovitz, H. Greenfield","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2154067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2154067","url":null,"abstract":"Who made figurines for ritual feasting in the Late Bronze Age (LBA) palace at Tel Beth-Shemesh? This article attempts to answer this question by determining the age and sex of fingerprints on five zoomorphic figurines and a lamp from a unique room in the LBA IB–IIA palace that contains an assemblage normally associated with feasting. The age and sex determinations of 59 preserved epidermal print impressions, based upon the analysis of ridge breadth and ridge density, are reported. Accounting for 2–6% clay shrinkage, the results show that at each respective rate, 37–46% of the prints were made by adults, 46–53% by adults or adolescents, 9–10% by children, while 51–60% were male and 49–40% were female. The discussion explores these results in relation to understanding manufacturing practices, the distinction between toys and ritual objects, and the visibility and role of children in LBA I–II society.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44963406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cattle drivers from the north? Animal economy of a diasporic Kura-Araxes community at Tel Bet Yerah","authors":"Gwendoline Maurer, R. Greenberg","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2160550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2160550","url":null,"abstract":"Kura-Araxes animal management strategies in the core regions of the tradition and in areas of its 3rd millennium expansion have seen only sporadic study. Recently excavated contexts at Tel Bet Yerah were occupied in the first part of the Early Bronze Age III (c. 2850–2700 BCE) by people using Khirbet Kerak Ware and accompanying artifacts associated with a diasporic Kura-Araxes cultural tradition; they provide a rich zooarchaeological assemblage that may be contrasted with that of the local Levantine population, underscoring social and cultural distinctions maintained by the diasporic community. Focusing on the cattle assemblages in Kura-Araxes sites, their use for traction and transport is explored, as well as their role in maintaining cultural identity.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47803607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site custody activism in Jordan: introducing Sela and Alraqeem","authors":"Øystein S. Labianca, E. Ronza","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2158649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2158649","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces Sela/Alraqeem, a Jordanian grass-roots organization dedicated to building capacity for local-level engagement with officialdom and professional archaeologists when planning for the protection and development of archaeological sites. The article is based on Øystein LaBianca’s embedding, during two weeks in October 2021, with the Sela/Alraqeem leadership team in the town of Madaba — observing, listening and asking questions to gain an understanding of their vision, mission and way of working. The organization occupies a space between the academy and government officialdom, on the one hand, and the local community on the other. From this space they are challenging the existing order with regard to prevailing notions re the place and role of the local community — as providers, primarily, of cheap, menial labour. Under this old order, no respectable archaeologist would ever deign to produce children’s books about archaeology, mount heritage-themed summer camps for local families, or design and deliver heritage-related vocational training for local young people. But such are precisely the ways of Sela/Alraqeem, and, in the process, they are changing not only archaeological practice in Jordan at every level — that of officialdom, that of the academy and that of local communities — they are also showing the way forward, with a funding model for sustained, local engagement with protection and development of their host country’s rich archaeological heritage.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46744514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}