{"title":"Genocidal Jesting","authors":"D. Burge","doi":"10.1525/phr.2022.91.2.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.2.163","url":null,"abstract":"In the nineteenth century, writers such as James Fenimore Cooper and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote best-selling works that shaped popular perceptions of Native American men. Historians and literary scholars have argued that literary characters representing Native men can be classified into two broad categories: Noble Savages and Bloody Savages. This article examines the literary origins and emergence of a third figure: the Comic Indian. Beginning with the various parodies of Longfellow’s Hiawatha in 1855, and continuing through the western humor of Bill Nye, this article examines how writers crafted comic characters that burlesqued stereotypical Native Americans. By the end of the century, the Comic Indian had become standard fare in U.S. literature. Understanding this history helps to explain why certain comic caricatures of Native men have persisted into the present and illustrates that humor can be used to justify genocidal policies.","PeriodicalId":45312,"journal":{"name":"PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66922122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Philippine Independence in U.S. History","authors":"Daniel Immerwahr","doi":"10.1525/phr.2022.91.2.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.2.220","url":null,"abstract":"In 1946, the United States freed its largest colony, the Philippines. This article examines the decision-making behind that and argues that the road to freedom was not straight. The 1934 law scheduling independence was motivated mainly by protectionism, racism, and a sense that the Philippines was a military liability. Moreover, it contained many loopholes. Between its passage and the scheduled date for independence, Washington’s original reasons for freeing the Philippines had nearly all vanished, and high-ranking colonial officials sought to derail the independence process. Nevertheless, the Philippines was freed, because Washington regarded this act as central to its attempts to legitimize the postwar world order. Putting Philippine independence in the proper chronological context connects it to the history of decolonization and U.S. global hegemony.","PeriodicalId":45312,"journal":{"name":"PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66922182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A River Again","authors":"Mark E. DeGiovanni Miller","doi":"10.1525/phr.2022.91.2.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.2.249","url":null,"abstract":"This article details the successful campaign to decommission two hydroelectric plants and a dam on Fossil Creek in Arizona—a rare perennial stream in the Southwest. Beginning in 1991, American Rivers, the Sierra Club, and community service groups utilized the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s recommissioning process to force the removal of the dam and plants. They faced opposition from the plants’ owner, the historical community, and citizens concerned over the loss of a seemingly “green” source of renewable energy. This study argues that Fossil Creek was a pioneering achievement in the larger movement to remove dams in the United States. After Edwards Dam in Maine, it was only the second dam taken down to restore fish species. In Maine—and in later dam removals in Washington and Oregon—valuable salmon and other anadromous species were the focus of conservation efforts; but in Fossil Creek, the effort was unique in that it centered on helping to save several species of rare desert fishes that had little or no sport or commercial value. The Fossil Creek victory represents an important example of the complex intersection of ecological restoration and environmental politics in the late twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":45312,"journal":{"name":"PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66922192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: La Gente: Struggles for Empowerment and Community Self-Determination in Sacramento, by Lorena V. Márquez","authors":"F. Hinojosa","doi":"10.1525/phr.2022.91.3.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.3.435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45312,"journal":{"name":"PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66922104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Risking Immeasurable Harm: Immigration Restriction and U.S.-Mexican Diplomatic Relations, 1924–1932, by Benjamin C. Montoya","authors":"J. Buchenau","doi":"10.1525/phr.2022.91.1.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.1.142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45312,"journal":{"name":"PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66921350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Disruption: Why Things Change, by David Potter","authors":"D. Horowitz","doi":"10.1525/phr.2022.91.1.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.1.159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45312,"journal":{"name":"PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66921554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coos Bay Indians in the “Courts of the Conqueror”","authors":"Gray H. Whaley","doi":"10.1525/phr.2022.91.4.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.4.463","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on two American Indian cases that arose from aboriginal title claims to coastal Oregon in the U.S. Court of Claims, Coos Bay (1938) and Alcea (1946), both subsequently upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court. The cases set important precedents in judicial Indian law on the eve of the Indian Claims Commission. Coos Bay and Alcea also caused the creation of two distinct tribes of Coos Bay Indians: the Coos tribe included in the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw (Coos Bay); and the Coos tribe included in the Coquille Indian Tribe (Alcea). The latter were the only Coos Indian plaintiffs eligible to join the Alcea victory after the Coos Bay loss in the Supreme Court. The division caused considerable enmity between the two tribes, an unfortunate result, which this article attempts to alleviate by examining the reasons behind the split.","PeriodicalId":45312,"journal":{"name":"PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66922164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Borderlands Curanderos: The Worlds of Santa Teresa Urrea and Don Pedrito Jaramillo, by Jennifer Koshatka Seman","authors":"Elaine Pena","doi":"10.1525/phr.2022.91.1.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.1.144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45312,"journal":{"name":"PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66921360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}